马来西亚的油棕（Elaeis huneesis）花粉营养成分研究

对马来西亚油棕花粉进行了蛋白质、氨基酸、游离氨基酸、还原糖、蔗糖、粗脂肪、磷脂、维生素C、维生素E、类胡萝卜素、黄酮类、多糖、多肽以及矿物元素的测试和研究,结果表明油棕花粉营养成分丰富而全面,且具特色,很有利用价值。     

施肥对黔中地区混播草地牧草生长性能的影响

本文研究了氮磷钾不同配比施肥量对黑麦草和紫花苜蓿混播草地牧草生长的影响,结果表明:氮肥促进禾本科牧草叶的生长(P<0.05),增施钾肥对禾草的生长有利;磷能促进豆科牧草根的生长(P<0.05)且豆科牧草株高随着施磷量的增加各处理间差异显著(P<0.05),高氮抑制豆科牧草的生长;最高产量的施肥方式:N:P_2O_5:K_2O为20:30:20,比对照处理的草地产量增加63.92％。     

芽孢杆菌BC98-Ⅰ抗真菌物质的初步分离及特性

BC98-Ⅰ是一株分离自沤肥浸渍液的蜡状芽孢杆菌，对蔬菜、瓜类、花卉枯萎病具良好的防治效果。它分泌产生的抗真菌物质的粗提物对黄瓜、西瓜、青椒枯萎菌有很强的拮抗作用，当浓度为10mg／mL时，抑菌圈直径分别达到20．33、20．22和22．77mm。该粗提物对高温高压、紫外光和蛋白酶均不敏感。同时，它在中性偏碱(pH8～9)的条件下活性最高；在极性溶剂如水、甲醇、乙醇中溶解度大，抑菌活性高。粗提液经Sephadex G100层析后，得到了两个洗脱峰，活性物质存在于第一峰中。抑菌机制试验表明：它可造成孢子萌发率降低、菌丝生长形态异常、分支加剧并产生大量泡囊。     

Transgenic cucumber expressing an endogenous class III chitinase gene has reduced symptoms from Botrytis cinerea

A class III chitinase gene (CHI2) is induced in cucumber plants (Cucumis sativa L.) in response to infection by pathogenic microorganisms. Infection of Botrytis cinerea, causal agent of gray mold disease on cucumber, also induces CHI2 expression. To investigate whether CHI2 is involved in resistance to gray mold disease, transgenic cucumber plants were produced to overexpress the CHI2 gene. One line was analyzed in detail in terms of disease resistance. The transgenic cucumber plant (CC2) constitutively expressed CHI2 and reduced the symptoms of B. cinerea for 4 days after inoculation compared with nontransgenic plants. However, this inhibitory effect was not absolute, and CC2 eventually developed serious disease symptoms. Chitinase activity of the crude extract from CC2 leaves was higher than that from nontransgenic plants. A high-molecular-weight fraction containing CHI2 from CC2 leaves had fungistatic activity against B. cinerea. Interestingly, the low-molecular-weight fraction from CC2 leaves with CHI2 removed also had fungistatic activity against B. cinerea. Not only the introduced chitinase activity but also the endogenous defense reactions activated by overexpression of CHI2 may be involved in the enhanced gray mold disease resistance in CC2.     

二丁酰环腺苷酸对猪胴体组成和肉品质的影响

通过皮下注射和饲料添加不同剂量dbcAMP进行饲养试验 ,研究其对肥育猪胴体组成和肉品质的影响。结果表明 :皮下注射 1.0mg/kg和饲料添加 2 0mg/kg对改善肥育猪的胴体组成和肉品质效果最好 ,眼肌面积分别提高31.99%和 36 .39% (P <0 .0 5 ) ;瘦肉率分别提高 12 .4 2 %和 11.94 % (P <0 .0 5 ) ;背膘厚分别降低 19.95 %和 2 0 .97%(P <0 .0 5 )。肌肉粗蛋白含量分别提高 10 .87%和 16 .5 4 % (P <0 .0 5 )。     

Prediction of chemical composition and peroxide value in unground pet foods by near‐infrared spectroscopy

The massive development of the pet food industry in recent years has lead to the formulation of hundreds of canine and feline complete extruded foods with the objective of meeting both the needs of the animals and numerous demands from pet owners. In the meantime, highly variable raw material compositions and the industry's new production techniques oblige manufacturers to monitor all phases of the extrusion process closely in order to ensure the targeted composition and quality of the products. This study aimed at evaluating the potential of infrared technology (visible and near‐infrared spectrophotometer; 570–1842 nm) in predicting the chemical composition and peroxide value (PV) of unground commercial extruded dog foods. Six hundred and forty‐nine commercial extruded dog foods were collected. For each product, an unground aliquot was analysed by infrared instrument while a second aliquot was sent to a laboratory for proximate analysis and PV quantification. The wide range of extruded dog food typologies included in the study was responsible for the wide variability observed within each nutritional trait, especially crude fibre and ash. The mean value of the 208 pet foods sampled for PV quantification was 17.49 mEq O₂/kg fat (min 2.2 and max 94.10 mEq O₂/kg fat). The coefficients of determination in cross‐validation of NIRS prediction models were 0.77, 0.97, 0.83, 0.86, 0.78 and 0.94 for moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre, ash and nitrogen‐free extract (NFE) respectively. PV prediction was less precise, as demonstrated by the coefficient of determination in cross‐validation (0.66). The results demonstrated the potential of NIRS in predicting chemical composition in unground samples, with lower accuracy for moisture and ash, while PV prediction models suggest use for screening purposes only.     

中草药牛蒡子化学成分及药理研究进展

牛蒡子是一种常用中药,性寒,味辛、苦,归胃、肺经,具有疏散风热、宣肺透疹的功效,临床上用于治疗外感风热、咳嗽气喘、咽喉肿痛等症。综述了牛蒡子的主要化学成分木脂素类、挥发油类、脂肪油类及帖类及其抑菌、抗病毒、抗肿瘤、治疗肾病、降血糖等众多药理作用现状,旨在为牛蒡子的化学成分及其药理作用的研究与开发提供参考,指导传统中草药牛蒡子在畜牧业养殖生产中的临床应用。     

黄土高原人工灌草系统不同立地条件土壤种子库特征

本研究通过野外调查取样与室内试验相结合，连续两年对黄土高原人工灌草系统不同坡向、坡位进行取样，以期对该区土壤种子库的物种组成、密度特征及其物种多样性进行初步了解。研究结果表明：该人工灌草生态系统土壤种子库共有9科，15种，其组成因坡位、坡向以及年份而异；坡向、坡位均显著影响土壤种子库物种多样性指数、丰富度指数与土壤种子库密度（P<0.05），土壤种子库密度为3 218～5 492粒·m^-2，总体呈现为阴坡显著高于阳坡（P<0.05），下坡位显著高于上坡位（P<0.05）；坡位和坡向均对物种均匀性系数无显著影响；年份对土壤种子库无显著影响。上述研究可为黄土高原人工灌草系统的可持续利用与恢复提供参考依据。     

Glycine max and Glycine soja are capable of cold acclimation

Soybean has been considered a cold intolerant species; based largely upon seed germination and soil emergent evaluations. This study reports a distinct acquisition of cold tolerance, in seedlings, following short acclimation periods. Diversity in cold responses was assessed in eight cultivars of Glycine max and six accessions of G. soja. All varieties of soybean significantly increased in freezing tolerance following acclimation. This study indicates soybean seedlings are indeed capable of sensing cold and acquiring cold tolerance. Germination rates after cold imbibition were negatively correlated with maturity group, but positively correlated with cold acclimation potential in G. soja. Seed fatty acid composition was varied between the species, with Glycine soja accessions containing about 2‐times more linolenic acid (18:3) than G. max. Furthermore, high levels of linoleic acid (18:2) in seeds were positively correlated with germination rates following cold imbibition in G. soja only. We suggest that domestication has not impacted the overall ability of soybean to cold acclimate at the seedling stage and that there is little variation within the domesticated species for ability to cold acclimate. Thus, this brief comparative study reduces the enthusiasm for the “wild” species as an additional source of genetic diversity for cold tolerance.