硫素对不同基因型大豆球蛋白组成及含量的影响

为了探讨施硫量对不同基因型大豆7S和11S球蛋白亚基组成及含量的影响,寻找不同基因型大豆品种最佳施硫水平,以期提高大豆籽粒球蛋白的含量,改善期品质。选用在黑龙江省种植面积较大的‘黑农48’（高蛋白）、‘黑农37’（中间型）和‘黑农44’（高油）3种大豆作为试验材料。采用盆栽种植,每个品种设S1、S2、S3、S4 4个S处理（即每千克土壤分别施单质硫0、0.02、0.04、0.06 g）。采用SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳方法,对成熟大豆籽粒球蛋白亚基组成和含量2个指标进行研究。结果表明：在3个大豆品种中,7S球蛋白由α′、α、γ、β 4个亚基组成;11S球蛋白由酸性亚基和碱性亚基组成;各种亚基分子量在品种间的差异不显著。同一品种不同处理中均以S3水平下蛋白含量最高,对不同品种施用硫肥时,以高油品种提高球蛋白含量效果显著。施用硫肥对3个大豆品种的7S和11S球蛋白各种亚基组成都没有影响,对分子量的大小影响很小。施用硫肥对3个大豆品种中的7S和11S球蛋白和亚基含量有显著影响,适宜的施用硫肥有利于提高各品种球蛋白和亚基的含量。     

福建早稻产量结构要素的气象影响研究

通过对福建早稻多年田间观测数据与气象资料的相关和回归分析,研究气象条件对早稻产量结构要素的影响,结果表明穗结实粒数是造成早稻产量年际变化的主要因素,幼穗分化到乳熟期的光温水条件对早稻产量起着主要作用。     

长期施肥对红壤磷组分及活性酸的影响

以12年的红壤长期肥力监测定位试验不同处理土壤为材料,研究了连续施肥对土壤磷组分、土壤对磷吸附解吸、土壤活性酸铝的影响。连续施用化学磷肥和化肥加有机肥,均可提高土壤全磷、无机磷数量。施用有机肥料,土壤中的磷以Ca-P和Al-P积累为主要表现形式,化学磷肥的施用能够提高土壤的全磷,并以Al-P增幅为最大,在所有处理中均表现为土壤O-P相对稳定。有机肥料处理土壤对外源磷的吸附强度明显少于施用化学磷肥和不施用磷肥的处理,有机肥料能够显著提高吸附磷的再利用,在NPKM处理中解吸磷占吸附磷的47.72%,M处理中占42.89%,其它处理中解吸磷占吸附磷数量一般少于8%。MNPK、M处理的PFI为2.51、2.69比N、NP处理4.53、4.37明显降低。在红壤旱地长期施用化学肥料,土壤交换性酸铝成倍增加,土壤酸化严重;施用有机肥料、有机肥料与化学肥料配合施用,土壤交换酸铝表现稳定。     

增施不同有机物质对烤烟烟叶香气质量的影响

以河南省南阳市烤烟为试材,采用GC/MS联用分析技术,研究了常规措施(CK)下增施不同的有机物质对烤烟化学成分和主要中性香气成分含量的影响。结果表明:与常规施肥措施相比,增施豆制品处理烟叶中水溶性总糖、还原糖和钾含量提高幅度较大,芝麻制品处理增幅相对较小,且各处理之间其他成分差异不大;增施不同的有机物质均能增加烟叶中的中性挥发性香气物质总量,其中新植二烯、类胡萝卜素类降解产物、芳香族氨基酸代谢产物、美拉德反应产物、西柏烷类降解产物等各类致香物质含量在各个处理中均有不同程度的提高。表明增施有机物质在一定程度上改善了烟叶化学成分之间的协调性,提高了烟叶的香气质量;增施的有机物质种类不同,其效果也有所不同,其中以增施发酵后的豆浆的2个处理最好,其次是增施豆糁,增施芝麻和香油的2个处理效果稍差。     

基于TRIZ的割草机器人功能设计方法研究

为进一步提升适用于草坪园艺管理的割草机器人整体作业效率,引入TRIZ发明问题解决理论针对其系统功能设计方法展开研究.根据割草机器人进行割草作业的运动学机理与系统实现功能构成,以TRIZ解决问题理论为基点,搭建割草作业核心解决问题模型,以降低其运行故障率.将TRIZ理论中的设计问题分析与冲突分析进行耦合,通过系统构件设计...     

Y型网式过滤器堵塞过程对有机肥浓度的响应研究

为研究水肥一体化设备中用于过滤有机肥的Y型网式过滤器的堵塞规律,对Y型网式过滤器在初始流量500 L/h、水源压力117.6 k Pa下,设置25、30、40、50 g/L共4种黄腐酸钾有机肥肥液质量浓度,进行了过滤器堵塞试验,分析了Y型网式过滤器的局部水头损失与单个滤孔滤网清洁度(单个滤孔有效过水断面面积与孔隙总面积比值) S/S0的关系,并利用XRD分析了过滤器内堵塞物质的成分。结果表明:肥液质量浓度对过滤器滤网清洁度影响显著,建议肥液质量浓度不超过40 g/L;过滤器局部水头损失在S/S0减小到10%后才逐渐开始增大,过滤器局部水头损失与滤网清洁度、肥液质量浓度有关,利用多项式拟合给出了过滤器滤网清洁度与肥液质量浓度、施肥持续时间的关系式及局部水头损失与肥液质量浓度、滤网清洁度的关系式;滤网堵塞物质主要成分为硫酸钙、草酸钙。本研究结果可为水肥一体化设备中过滤器的选择提供理论参考。     

Historical influences dominate the composition of regenerating plant communities in abandoned citrus groves in north-central Florida

The question of what determines plant community composition is fundamental to the study of plant community ecology. We examined the relative roles of historical land use, landscape context, and the biophysical environment as determinants of plant community composition in regenerating citrus groves in north-central Florida. Results were interpreted in light of plant functional traits. Herbaceous and woody plants responded differently to broad-scale variables; herbs correlated most strongly with surrounding land cover at a scale of 8 km, while the only significant determinant of woody species distributions was local land use history. There were significant correlations between herbaceous species and spatial context, habitat isolation, environmental variables, and historical variables. Partial Mantel tests indicated that each variable provided a unique contribution in explaining some of the variation in the herbaceous dataset. The correlation between woody plants and local historical variables remained significant even with other effects corrected for. In the herbaceous community, species composition was linked to functional traits much as expected from classical theory. While spatial influences in our study system are important for both woody and herbaceous plants, the primary determinant of plant community composition in regenerating citrus groves is historical land use. Our results suggest that the fine-scale mechanisms of local competition, tolerance and facilitation invoked by many classical studies may ultimately be less important than land use history in understanding current plant community composition in regenerating agricultural areas.     

Growth and proximate composition of the Chaetoceros calcitrans f. pumilus under different temperature, salinity and carbon dioxide levels

The marine diatom Chaetoceros calcitrans f. pumilus has been examined for its potential source as live feed in aquaculture. The present study investigated effects of temperature (20, 25 and 30 °C), salinity (25 and 35) and carbon dioxide addition (air+CO₂) on the growth and proximate composition of C. calcitrans under laboratory conditions. The growth and biomass of C. calcitrans were primarily affected by carbon dioxide addition, and to a lesser extent by temperature and salinity. In general, lipid and carbohydrate contents were higher at lower temperatures (20 and 25 °C), while the protein content was unaffected. Carbon dioxide addition increased protein, while lowering carbohydrates, but had no effect on lipid content. Carbohydrates were increased while lipids and protein decreased at the highest salinity (35±0.9). These results should be taken into consideration when evaluating the dietary value of this micro alga for aquaculture.     

Effects of dietary highly unsaturated fatty acids and astaxanthin on the fecundity and lipid content of pond-reared Penaeus monodon (Fabricius) broodstock

Five diets that contained fresh squid meat as the basic constituent and were supplemented with different amounts of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) and astaxanthin were fed to pond‐reared Penaeus monodon broodstock. Diet A was sole squid meat. Diets B and C were supplemented with astaxanthin 50 and 100 mg kg^?1 respectively. Diets D and E were supplemented with HUFA 5 and 10 g kg^?1 and astaxanthin 50 mg kg^?1 respectively. The result showed that the group fed diet E had the best reproductive performance in all experimental groups. It had a higher proportion of spawns (71.5%), spawning rate (0.047), a shorter latency period (7.7±0.3 d), higher absolute fecundity (× 10³) (361.6±5.5) and egg production/female (× 10³) (597.0±18.0) than all the other experimental groups. The fatty acid composition in broodstock diets strongly affected the tissue and fecundity of broodstock. Good correlations between the content of 20:4n‐6 in eggs and the fecundity (r²=0.6109) and egg production (r²=0.9876) of broodstock were found. On the other hand, 22:6n‐3 and DHA/EPA ratio was negatively correlated with the fecundity of broodstock (r²=0.5362, 0.8702 respectively). The result also showed that the balance between n‐3 and n‐6 fatty acid families, total polyunsaturated fatty acids and total saturated fatty acid and 20:5n‐3 (EPA) and 22:6n‐3 (DHA) may play vital roles in maturation and reproductive performance of P. monodon broodstock.