The α2A‐adrenoceptor subtype plays a key role in the analgesic and sedative effects of xylazine

Xylazine, the classical α₂‐adrenoceptor (α₂‐AR) agonist, is still used as an analgesic and sedative in veterinary medicine, despite its low potency and affinity for α₂‐ARs. Previous pharmacological studies suggested that the α_2A‐AR subtype plays a role in mediating the clinical effects of xylazine; however, these studies were hampered by the poor subtype‐selectivity of the antagonists used and a lack of knowledge of their bioavailability in vivo. Here, we attempted to elucidate the role of the α_2A‐AR subtype in mediating the clinical effects of xylazine by comparing the analgesic and sedative effects of this drug in wild‐type mice with those in α_2A‐AR functional knockout mice using the hot‐plate and open field tests, respectively. Hippocampal noradrenaline turnover in both mice was also measured to evaluate the contribution of α_2A‐AR subtype to the inhibitory effect of xylazine on presynaptic noradrenaline release. In wild‐type mice, xylazine (10 or 30 mg/kg) increased the hot‐plate latency. Furthermore, xylazine (3 or 10 mg/kg) inhibited the open field locomotor activity and decreased hippocampal noradrenaline turnover. By contrast, all of these effects were abolished in α_2A‐AR functional knockout mice. These results indicate that the α_2A‐AR subtype is mainly responsible for the clinical effects of xylazine.     

几种草坪草对SO_2的净化效果研究

贵州省瓮福磷肥厂内因SO2污染,建植的草坪成坪后20~30 d开始出现SO2污染伤害症状,但伏生臂型草、假俭草、狗牙根、根丛型高羊茅和黔草1号高羊茅表现出一定的抗SO2污染和吸收净化能力。从含硫量的相对值分析,吸收和积累硫的能力依次为:狗牙根>黔草1号高羊茅>根茎型高羊茅>假俭草>伏生臂型草。结果表明草坪草对SO2的吸收和积累与距离污染源的远近有关,与草坪草在污染的空气条件下暴露时间的长短成正相关关系。     

邻烯丙基苯酚对植物病原真菌抑制机理初探

用含毒介质培养法测定了邻烯丙基苯酚(银果)对番茄灰霉病菌Botrytis cinerea、苹果腐烂病菌Valsa mali和小麦纹枯病菌Rhizoctonia cerealis的影响。通过培养观察发现,邻烯丙基苯酚可抑制番茄灰霉病菌分生孢子的产生、促进灰霉病菌菌核的形成及苹果腐烂病菌子囊壳的形成。光学显微观察表明:用50μg/mL的邻烯丙基苯酚处理番茄灰霉病菌菌丝后,菌丝伸长缓慢,分支间距缩短,分生孢子形成受到抑制。电镜观察表明:经邻烯丙基苯酚处理后,番茄灰霉病菌菌丝内液泡增多,苹果腐烂病菌菌丝细胞壁增厚,小麦纹枯病菌菌丝中内质网处泡囊增多。     

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+-ATPase Activity and Glycogen Content in Various Fiber Types after Intensive Exercise in Thoroughbred Horses

To find a new parameter indicating muscle fitness in Thoroughbred horses, we examined time-dependent recovery of glycogen content and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca²⁺-ATPase activity of skeletal muscle after intensive treadmill running. Two repeated 50-sec running sessions (13 m/sec) were performed on a flat treadmill (approximately 90%VO₂max). Muscle samples of the middle gluteal muscle were taken before exercise (pre) and 1 min, 20 min, 60 min, and 24 hr after exercise. Muscle fiber type composition was determined in the pre muscle samples by immunohistochemical staining with monoclonal antibody to myosin heavy chain. SR Ca²⁺-ATPase activity of the muscle and glycogen content of each muscle fiber type were determined with biochemical analysis and quantitative histochemical staining, respectively. As compared to the pre value, the glycogen content of each muscle fiber type was reduced by 15–27% at 1 min, 20 min, and 60 min after the exercise and recovered to the pre value at 24 hr after exercise test. These results indicate that 24 hr is enough time to recover glycogen content after short-term intensive exercise. The mean value of the SR Ca²⁺-ATPase activity showed a slight decrease (not significant) immediately after exercise, and complete recovery at 60 min after exercise. There were no significant relationship between the changes in glycogen content of each muscle fiber type and SR Ca²⁺-ATPase. Although further studies are needed, SR Ca²⁺-ATPase is not a useful parameter to detect muscle fitness, at least in Thoroughbred horses.     

2007-2010年江苏地区猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒RT-PCR检测及部分Nsp2基因序列分析

本研究参考GenBank已发表的猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus,PRRSV）Nsp2基因序列,在高致病性病毒Nsp2基因缺失区的两端保守区设计并合成了一对引物,建立并优化了能够区分经典PRRSV和高致病性PRRSV的RT-PCR诊断方法,并利用该方法对2007～2010年间江苏地区的45份可疑临床病料进行了检测。结果表明临床病料阳性率为40％,所有毒株均属于高致病性毒株。对PRRSV阳性病毒的Nsp2基因序列分析表明,所有18株PRRSV均属于美洲型毒株,与中国高致病性PRRSV代表毒株JXA1、WUH1的氨基酸同源性分别在82．2％～97．6％、80．4％～95.3％。此外,18株病毒的Nsp2共同存在不连续的30个氨基酸缺失,缺失位置与同期中国高致病性PRRSV具有相同的特征。通过本研究掌握了江苏地区2007～2010年间PRRSV流行情况及Nsp2基因变异特征,为地方猪繁殖与呼吸综合征的临床诊断和防治提供参考依据。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定番茄中多菌灵及其主要代谢物的残留

建立了同时测定番茄中多菌灵及其主要代谢物(2-氨基苯并咪唑和苯并咪唑)的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)分析方法。番茄样品用乙腈超声提取,经浓缩后用初始流动相稀释并定容,过0.22 μm滤膜后进行UPLC-MS/MS分析。采用多反应监测(MRM)模式测定,外标法定量。结果表明:在添加水平为0.05~5 mg/kg下,多菌灵及其主要代谢物的平均回收率为70.5％~104.9％,相对标准偏差为2.6％~9.5%。方法的检出限(LOD)为0.16~4.73 μg/kg,定量限(LOQ)为0.29~4.99 μg/kg。     

基于MODIS数据的2001—2016年内蒙古积雪分布及其变化趋势

积雪融水是干旱区重要的水资源之一,积雪分布变化的监测对区域雪冰资源的合理利用及灾害防治至关重要。基于内蒙古地区2001-2016年MOD10A2积雪数据对研究区进行分带提取,分析不同海拔高度积雪年内年际变化特征,结合气温和降水气象因素,分析其分布变化原因。研究表明:积雪面积、积雪覆盖率年内分布呈单峰形,10个海拔带的积雪期为9月到次年5月,峰值出现在冬季,积雪覆盖率增减的临界高度在952~1 114 m;不同高程带的积雪面积在春季、夏季、秋季整体上呈现出"增加-减少-增加-减少"的年际变化规律,冬季整体上表现出"减少-增加-减少"的变化规律;积雪面积受降水量和气温相互的影响,其中海拔高度可能起到间接作用。内蒙古地区春季、冬季积雪覆盖率均与冬季降水量呈显著正相关,各季节积雪覆盖率基本与温度呈负相关关系。     

茄子新品种冀茄2号（茄杂1号）的选育

冀茄２号（茄杂１号）是以Ｅ－９０１为母本，Ｅ－９０２为父本育成的一代杂种。生长势强，具有早熟、高产、优质等特点，果实高圆形，紫黑发亮，果面光滑，果肉细嫩，味甜，平均单果重５９２．９ｇ，一般每６６７ｍ２产量达４２００～５０００ｋｇ，适于我国喜食圆茄的地区进行保护地或露地栽培。至１９９５年底已在河北、山东、山西、江苏等地示范推广２５０ｈｍ２以上     

Concordance between Results of Medium-term Liver Carcinogenesis Bioassays and Long-term Findings for Carcinogenic 2-Nitropropane and Non-carcinogenic1-Nitropropane in F344 Rats

This study was conducted to determine the concordance of results for a pair of structural isomers, 2-nitropropane (2-NP) and 1-nitropropane (1-NP), using the rat medium-term liver carcinogenesis bioassay (Ito test) and previously published long-term carcinogenicity tests. Male F344 rats were given a single intraperitoneal injection of DEN (200 mg/kg b.w.) to initiate hepatocarcinogenesis. After 2 weeks, they received per os 0, 0.8, 4 or 20 mg/kg/day of 2-NP or 1-NP six times a week and were subjected to two-thirds partial hepatectomy at week 3. Non-initiated groups receiving 0 or 20 mg/kg/day were also included. The animals were sacrificed for quantitative analysis of GST-P-positive foci at week 8. With the highest dose of 2-NP, significantly increased numbers and areas of GST-P-positive foci were demonstrated as compared with the respective control but were not noted with 1-NP. In the non-DEN-initiated groups, many small GST-P-positive foci of less than 0.2 mm in diameter were also induced in the rats treated with 2-NP at 20 mg/kg/day but were lacking with 1-NP. These results strongly support that 2-NP is a complete hepatocarcinogen with a potent initiation activity, whereas 1-NP is not.