基于SRAP分子标记的11份柑橘种质材料遗传多样性分析

为分析11份柑橘种质材料的遗传多样性,本研究以7份沙糖橘种质以及4份其他柑橘种质为试验材料,利用SRAP分子标记进行分析,并用UPGMA法进行聚类.结果表明:160对引物组合筛选出20对引物组合扩增条带清晰,11份种质材料两两之间遗传相似系数在0.322 1～0.931 6之间.沙糖橘和金葵蜜橘间的遗传相似系数最大,为...     

气候变化条件下木瓜秀粉蚧在中国的潜在适生区预测

为明确木瓜秀粉蚧Paracoccus marginatus Williams et Granara de Willink 1922在中国的潜在适生区,基于中国820个气象站点的气象数据和未来气候变化数据,结合木瓜秀粉蚧的生物学特性,利用CLIMEX模型对该虫在中国当前气候以及未来气候条件下的潜在适生区进行预测。结果显示,木瓜秀粉蚧在中国的潜在适生区主要在南方,适生区面积占全国陆地总面积的9.07%。高适生区主要包括海南省、广东省南部、广西壮族自治区南部以及福建省和云南省小部分地区。在未来气候条件下,2050年木瓜秀粉蚧的潜在适生区将进一步扩大,适生区面积所占比例将增加至15.46%,且有向北移动的趋势。表明木瓜秀粉蚧对中国南方地区的农业潜在威胁巨大,建议将该虫增补为检疫对象,并加强检疫监管和种群动态监测。     

土地资源利用现状的区域差异及可持续利用研究——以南京市为例

在科学确定大城市市域土地资源利用现状区域差异指标评价体系的基础上，通过动态聚类方法，以乡（镇）为单位，对南京市郊区和郊县的土地利用现状进行分区，并分析了不同土地利用现状区土地利用特征，提出了不同区域土地资源可持续利用的政策取向     

Pathogenicity and Virulence of the Two Dutch VCGs of Verticillium dahliae to Woody Ornamentals

Two experiments were performed in two consecutive years to test whether isolates of different vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) differ in their ability to cause disease in woody ornamentals, to study the host specificity of the isolates and to get an insight into disease development in woody hosts. A range of woody ornamental plant species, including Acer campestre, Acer platanoides, Acer pseudoplatanus, Catalpa bignonioides, Cotinus coggygria, Robinia pseudoacacia, Rosa canina, Syringa vulgaris and Tilia cordata, were root-dip inoculated with six isolates of Verticillium dahliae, belonging to the two VCGs that occur in the Netherlands (VCG NL-1 and VCG NL-2). Isolates belonging to each VCG caused severe symptoms of verticillium wilt in most plant species tested. Disease progress differed between plant species, but was generally the same for the two VCGs. No overall differences in virulence were observed between the two VCGs for external wilt symptoms, number of dead plants, or shoot length. No significant VCG × plant species interactions were present for these characteristics. However, isolates of VCG NL-1 caused more vascular discolouration than did isolates of VCG NL-2. Isolates within VCGs often differed considerably in their virulence to certain hosts, as shown by highly significant isolate × plant species interactions. Isolates were more virulent on their original host. These findings imply that VCG identification does not contribute to disease prediction for a range of woody hosts.     

Investigating the selectivity of weed harrowing with new methods

In six field experiments on post‐emergence weed harrowing in spring barley, the effects of row spacing, timing, direction and orientation on crop/weed selectivity were investigated. The efficacies of increasing intensities of harrowing generated either by increasing number of passes or increasing driving speed were also tested. Selectivity was defined as the relationship between crop burial in soil immediately after treatment and weed control. To estimate crop burial, digital image analysis was used in order to make objective estimations. The study showed that narrow row spacing decreased selectivity in a late crop growth stage, whereas row spacing in the range 5.3–24 cm had no effects at an early growth stage. Harrowing across rows decreased selectivity in one out of two experiments. Whether repeated passes with the harrow were carried out in the same orientation along the rows or in alternative orientations forth and back was unimportant. There were indications that a high harrowing intensity produced by a single pass at high speed gave a lower selectivity than a similar intensity produced by several passes at a low speed. Impacts on selectivity, however, were small and only significant at high degrees of weed control. Timing had no significant impact on selectivity.     

Paraphoma root rot of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) in Inner Mongolia,China

Root rot symptoms were observed in fields of alfalfa in Chifeng city, Inner Mongolia, China in 2016. Disease incidences of seven alfalfa varieties planted in 2014 ranged from 56% to 95%, while incidence of Gongnong No. 1 planted in 2016 was 8%, 31% and 76% in 2016, 2017 and 2018, respectively. Paraphoma isolates were consistently recovered from black necrotic root tissues of diseased plants with a frequency of 77.1%. Based on morphological characters and phylogenetic analysis of rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS), elongation factor 1-α (EF1-α) and β-tubulin (TUB), this fungus was identified as Paraphoma radicina. Glasshouse pathogenicity experiments showed that P. radicina significantly reduced above- and below-ground biomass of alfalfa plants 2 months after inoculation. Paraphoma radicina infected 70% of the plants inoculated with a root dip in conidia, and these symptoms were consistent with the symptoms in the field. Paraphoma radicina was successfully reisolated from disease roots of the inoculated alfalfa plants. This is the first report of P. radicina as the causal agent of alfalfa root rot in China.     

种子活力和作物产量

\t\t\t\t\t目的\t\t\t\t\t种茎质量是木薯增产的主要限制因素之一,研究筛选木薯种茎活力评价指标,可为木薯种茎处理技术提供理论依据。\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t方法\t\t\t\t\t选用华南8号和南植199木薯为材料,从植后150 d开始,每隔30 d采样1次种茎,共采集6次,分别在正常供水和干旱胁迫条件下,开展种茎发芽试验;同时测定发芽前的种茎生理生化指标。通过主成分分析得到不同采样期的种茎活力综合得分,并进行种茎生理生化指标与综合活力得分的相关性分析。\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t结果\t\t\t\t\t6次采样的种茎活力综合得分差异较大;华南8号种茎活力综合得分与丙二醛含量和含水量呈显著负相关(P<0.05),与淀粉含量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与可溶性蛋白和游离脯氨酸含量呈显著正相关(P<0.05);南植199种茎活力综合得分与丙二醛含量呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),与过氧化氢酶活性、淀粉含量、游离脯氨酸含量、含水量相关系数较高,但未达显著水平(P>0.05)。\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t结论\t\t\t\t\t推荐种茎的丙二醛含量作为木薯种茎活力的评价指标。\t\t\t\t     

近43年黄河上游来水来沙变化特点

选取黄河头道拐站实测水沙序列(1960-2002年)资料,对水沙序列进行了多时间尺度和趋势识别的小波分析。结果表明:①黄河上游来水来沙量汛期所占比例减少,而非汛期所占比例增加;在年际变化上,水沙量逐年减少;同时,水沙相关关系具有一定的变化;②黄河上游水沙序列具有相同的多时间尺度(准周期)变化,但同一尺度下,水沙所处的丰枯变化并不一致;③年水沙序列趋势变化基本一致,20世纪80年代以来,两者存在明显减少趋势;但在非汛期,两者的趋势变化有较大区别。     

基于首轮内检测数据的成品油管道内腐蚀分析及对策

为了做好在役成品油管道内腐蚀的监测和防控,通过进一步挖掘首轮内检测数据的价值,提出了分析思路:通过差异分析水线区域内的内腐蚀绝对深度的离散情况,结合内腐蚀与焊缝、弯头等管道附件的相对位置以及管道工艺运行情况等数据信息,半定量定位内腐蚀敏感区。以某成品油管道为例,对两条管段内的腐蚀情况进行分析,发现管内的腐蚀集聚是由于管道施工建设期产生的内腐蚀逐渐发展形成的。定位了以管节为基本单元的腐蚀敏感管段,建议将管道内检测数据作为工程建设质量评估的关键数据,新建管道尽早开展以实施内检测为目标的管道清管作业,增加清管频次,尽快将管内铁锈清除干净,随后开展常规清管作业,从而有效减缓内腐蚀的发展。(图2,表4,参20)