三亚地区设施苦瓜蜜蜂授粉效果研究初报

采用蜜蜂为设施栽培苦瓜授粉,以人工授粉为对照.试验结果表明:蜜蜂授粉座果率低于人工授粉;蜜蜂授粉能显著提高果实的VC含量;能提高果实的长度、横径和果肉厚,显著提高单瓜重,但单株产量差异不显著.通过改进苦瓜设施栽培管理措施,蜜蜂授粉技术可作为苦瓜设施栽培的综合配套技术加以推广应用.     

人工饲粮对幼年工蜂生长发育及生理代谢的影响

本试验利用液相色谱-质谱联用技术(LC-MS)对幼年工蜂进行代谢组学分析,旨在探究不同人工饲粮对幼年工蜂生长发育及生理代谢的影响,为蜂王邮寄的人工饲粮配制提供一定理论依据.试验选取1日龄的意大利蜜蜂(Apis mellifera ligustica)300只,分为5组,分别饲喂5种人工饲粮,每组30只工蜂.对照组饲粮:...     

蜜蜂性比的研究

蜜蜂性比是指一群蜂内雌性蜂与雄性蜂的比例。本文应用 Fisher 性比法则,来研究蜜蜂性比问题,结果如下:(1)在交尾季节,由于雄蜂的有效交配日龄 N=12～35天,则工蜂所“希望”的理论比值 Hw=(1.41N+4.53)∶1=(21.5～53.9)∶1,Hw 值与实际性比值((?)=26.1∶1)相符;(2)在非交尾季节,蜂群内只有雌性蜂。以上结果,从理论和实践相结合的角度,证实了蜂群内的性比值是由工蜂决定。     

应用RAPD分析测定蜂王与雄蜂交配的数量

以卡尼鄂拉蜂 (Apismelliferacarnica)和高加索蜂 (Apismelliferacaucasica)的雄蜂精液对意大利蜜蜂(Apismelliferaligustica)的处女蜂王进行人工授精 ,并利用 11个引物进行随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)标记分析。根据RAPD标记计算工蜂个体间的平均遗传相似系数 ,然后计算蜂王与雄蜂交配的数量。结果表明 ,RAPD标记是测定蜂王与雄蜂交配数量的一种有效方法。     

Variation in floral scent compounds recognized by honeybees in Brassicaceae crop species

Floral scent attracts pollinators. We investigated the floral scent compounds recognized by pollinators in six Brassica crop species, including allogamous species with different genomes and autogamous species with two parental genomes and radish (Raphanus sativus). Biologically active compounds recognized by honeybees were screened from all floral compounds by combined gas chromatography–electroantennogram analysis and their profiles were determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Fourteen of the 52 compounds were active. All accessions had more than two active compounds, but the compounds greatly differed between the two genera. On the basis of similarities in whether active compounds were presence or absence, their amount and their composition ratio, we divided the Brassica accessions into three to five groups by cluster analyses. Most groups were composed of a mixture of allogamous and autogamous species sharing same genome, indicating that the variation depended on genome, not species. These results suggest that all species require pollinator visits for reproduction, despite their different reproductive systems. However, the inter-genus and intra-specific variations shown by the multiple groups within a species might cause different visitation frequencies by pollinators between genera and among accessions within a species, resulting in insufficient seed production in some accessions or species.     

蜜蜂的数量分类研究

本文运用电子计算机对蜜蜂种类进行了数量分类研究。结果表明 :聚类分析有助于揭示蜂种间的亲缘关系 ,是蜂种分类的一种有效方法。     

Detection of the fire blight biocontrol agent <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bacillus subtilis</Emphasis> BD170 (Biopro<Superscript>®</Superscript>) in a Swiss apple orchard

Fire blight, caused by Erwinia amylovora, is a major disease threat to apple, pear and other pome fruit worldwide. The disease is widespread in Europe and has recently become established in Switzerland. Antibiotics are the most effective controls used in North America but these are not permitted for agricultural use in most European countries. A newly registered biological control product Biopro^®, based on the antagonist Bacillus subtilis strain BD170, is being used as an alternative strategy for fire blight management. A specific molecular marker was developed for monitoring the spread of this agent on blossoms after Biopro^® spray application in a Swiss apple orchard throughout the bloom period for 2years. Direct spraying resulted in efficient primary colonisation of pistils in flowers that were open at the time of treatment. Subsequent bacterial dissemination (secondary colonisation) of flowers that were closed or at bud stage at the time of treatment was observed but was found to be dependent on the timing of treatments relative to bloom stage in the orchard. Foraging honeybees were shown to be disseminators of Biopro^®. We also report detection of the biocontrol agent in honey collected from hives where bees were exposed by placing Biopro^® at the entrance or in the hatching nest and from hives that were simply placed in sprayed orchards.     

法国抗螨蜂种在云南的适应性·抗螨性试验

[目的]饲养观察法国抗螨蜂种在云南的适应性、抗螨性和繁殖能力。[方法]从2009年8月到2010年10月,采取饲养试验法,对法国抗螨蜂种的适应性,大、小蜂螨的寄生情况和蜂群的增殖进行了观察试验。[结果]法国抗螨王只抗大螨,约1年,适应性强,对小蜂螨危害没有抗性;蜂群增殖最大群势为13.4脾足蜂。[结论]结果西方蜜蜂育种提供了借鉴。     

以色列急性麻痹病毒(IAPV)研究进展

以色列急性麻痹病毒(Israeli acute paralysis virus,IAPV)是一种常见的蜜蜂病毒,于2007年被分离鉴定以来即被发现在世界范围内的不同蜜蜂种间广泛传播,并能侵染熊蜂和胡蜂等其他授粉昆虫.IAPV不仅对蜜蜂造成急性麻痹等症状,其与狄斯瓦螨(Varroa destructor)的协同作用也被认...     

利用蜜蜂为籽莲授粉试验初报

籽莲(Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.)经蜜蜂授粉,结籽率显著提高.纱网内有蜂授粉区比纱网內无蜂授粉区结籽率高31.27‰,死蓬率低14.25‰;比自然对照区结籽率高22.22‰,死蓬率低5.22‰。自然对照区比纱网内无蜂授粉区结籽率高9.05‰,死蓬率低9.03‰。自然放蜂授粉比自然对照区结籽率高24.14‰。推广籽莲花期放养蜜蜂为它授粉是莲子增产的一项重要指施。