Unravelling the diversity and assemblage of phytoplankton in homestead ponds of central coastal belt,Bangladesh

Homestead ponds may offer an ideal opportunity in contribution to household income, fish consumption through fish culture. Phytoplankton plays a key indicator in pond productivity. However, the phytoplankton communities in the homestead ponds are nearly undetermined in Bangladesh. This study summarizes the phytoplankton diversity, assemblage and ecological parameters of the homestead ponds in central coastal belt, Bangladesh, based on two seasons. The results revealed that significant differences (p < .05) were found in pH, DO, conductivity, TDS, nitrates, phosphates and sulphates except temperature in monsoon, and transparency in both seasons. A total of 34 phytoplankton genera representatives of five major groups were recorded such as Euglenophyceae (41.5%), Chlorophyceae (30.5%), Cyanophyceae (13%), Dinophyceae (10%) and Bacillariophyceae (5%). A significant difference (p < .05) in phytoplankton abundance was found in both seasons with the highest mean of 186.13 ± 129.34 × 10⁴ cells L^?1 in monsoon and the lowest mean of 144.40 ± 107.26 × 10⁴ cells L^?1 during winter. The diversity (H'), evenness (J'), richness (d) and dominance (D) ranged from 1.62 to 2.47, 0.52 to 0.97, 0.37 to 1.15 and 0.10 to 0.28 respectively. Based on SIMPER, the most dominant (>10%) genera for dissimilation within stations and seasons were Euglena spp., Phacus spp., Chlorella spp., Strombomonas spp. and Peridinium spp. ANOSIM results stated that 12 genera of phytoplankton were significant contributors based on average dissimilarity. Pearson's correlation coefficient and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) revealed that phytoplankton abundance, diversity and community were mainly governed by transparency, dissolved oxygen and nitrates.     

Local knowledge and management of simpukng (forest gardens) among the Dayak people in East Kalimantan,Indonesia

Among the Dayak people in East Kalimantan, simpukng (“forest gardens”) are an important component of their traditional farming systems. Simpukng is managed secondary forests in which selected species of fruits, rattan, bamboo, timber and other plants are planted. While most are owned by families and passed down from one generation to the next, some are managed on a communal basis. Complex customary Dayak rules exist that control the use and inheritance of these forests that help to avoid over-exploitation of resources. There is clear gender division of labour among Dayak in the management of simpukng that provide a range of products – for household consumption and sale and for customary rituals – fruits, vegetables, medicines, fire wood, honey, rattan, bamboos, and timber. Local knowledge about the more highly valued species are discussed. These indigenous forest garden systems are currently under threat from large-scale mining and logging activities; conflicts between local and external agencies are unfortunately frequent. This paper examines the development and management of simpukng in four Dayak villages in East Kalimantan and their implications on sustainable management of natural resources, with particular emphasis on the role of local knowledge of some of the more highly valued species and the current challenges faced by these communities in maintaining their traditional agroforest management practices.     

论数字参考咨询服务中利用镜像站点进行原文传递的侵权问题

就数字参考咨询服务中利用镜像站点进行原文传递的侵权问题进行了探讨,提出了利用镜像站点进行原文传递对数据提供商的权益侵害和对著作权人的信息网络传播权侵犯的观点。     

我国知识产权战略的内容研究

对知识产权的内容进行6个方面的分析,即创新战略、应用战略、保护战略、人才战略、机构发展战略及知识产权战略,并有针对性的提出建设性建议及对策。     

维护农民工权益共建社会和谐

社会和谐是中国特色社会主义的本质属性。解决好农民工权益保护问题,对于改革发展稳定和整个现代化事业具有全局性的重大意义。通过对农民工权益保护的现状和存在问题的分析,阐明农民工权益保护问题产生的原因,并提出了保护农民工权益的措施。     

我国旅游合同的立法思考

随着旅游业的发展,旅游纠纷日渐增多,旅游合同立法势在必行。在法律性质上,应有别于承揽合同、居间合同,予以单独立章列入合同法中。在概念分类上,应调整包办(代办)旅游合同,区别其法律责任。在内容上,应强调营业人、管理者的义务与责任,适当增加违约的精神赔偿责任。     

我国农村扶贫的制度性陷阱与制度创新

本文在从博弈理论和农民的权利贫困角度,分析我国农村扶贫的制度性陷阱生成机理的基础上,提出了开展农村扶贫制度创新和构建"市场+政府+民主协商"准市场化农村扶贫资源配置机制等,打破我国农村扶贫的制度性陷阱和推进农村扶贫事业发展的对策及措施.     

数字图书馆建设中的知识产权问题探讨

就馆藏信息资源建设、数据库建设和网络信息传播中可能出现的知识产权问题,从技术、立法等方面就科学地解决数字图书馆知识产权的若干问题作了一些探讨。     

我国农民平等物质帮助权的法律缺失与制度建构

首先,从平等权、物质帮助权、农民平等物质帮助权逐层阐释了农民平等物质帮助权的相关理念。指出了农民获得平等物质帮助权的价值功能,它可以破除城市优先取向的偏袒性政策;是维护我国法律和制度权威的必要条件;是实现社会公平与和谐的必然选择。介绍了我国农民平等物质帮助权的法律缺失的现实状况,表现为法学界对农民平等物质帮助权的理论研究的缺失;现有程序性的农民平等物质帮助权法律制度的缺失;当前制定的农民平等物质帮助权法律实际有效性的缺失。指出制度建构是解决农民物质帮助权的法律缺失的契机,政府应促进经济发展,为农民物质帮助权制度建构提供物质基础;提高农民法律意识,锻造农民参与平等物质帮助权的能力;加强具体的程序性立法和公正司法,从实效上保障农民物质帮助权的实现。     

新生代农民工劳动权益及法律保护

阐述了新生代农民工劳动权益现状及其劳动权益被侵害的原因,并提出通过实现农民工＂公平流动＂、提高农民工综合素质、树立正确的政绩观、健全和完善有关劳动法律法规等途径保护新生代劳民工劳动权益。