和谐社会视野下我国农民权利的法律保护

和谐社会最基本的含义是社会内部各群体之间利益均衡和权利受到法律保护。建国以来,有关农民问题的立法不仅在数量上与农民人口不成比例,而且立法层次较低,多是一些政策性的文件和规定,且有许多与城市居民相比不平等甚至是歧视性的规定。建立法治社会与构建和谐社会,必须强化对农民权利的法律保护。     

Gender and property rights in the commons: Examples of water rights in South Asia

In many countries and resource sectors, the state is devolving responsibility for natural resource management responsibility to ``communities' or local user groups. However, both policymakers and researchers in this area have tended to ignore the implications of gender and other forms of intra-community power differences for the effectiveness and equity of natural resource management. In the irrigation sector, despite the rhetoric on women's participation, a review of evidence from South Asia shows that organizations often exclude women through formal or informal membership rules and practices. Women may have other ways to obtain irrigation services, but even if they are effective, these other informal ways of obtaining irrigation services are typically less secure. As resource management – and rights to resources – are transferred from the state to local organizations, ensuring women's participation is essential for gender equity in control over resources. Greater involvement of women can also strengthen the effectiveness of local organizations by improving women's compliance with rules and maintenance contributions. Further detailed and comparative research is required to identify the major factors that affect women's participation and control over resources, if devolution policies are to be both equitable and sustainable. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

On the Restricting Factors ＆ System Arrangements of Chinese Land Tenure Marketization

As a general rule of Economics of Development,economic growth and development require rational institution guarantee. Land Tenure. As a main institution factor in agricultural development ,closely relates to the reform of Chinese agriculture. Based on the relevant theories of Economics of Institution and Economics of Development ,and combined with the marketization process of Chinese Land Tenure of Property Rights,the article studied the effects of institutional factors and put forward some choices in the development of agriculture, which is of both significant and practical importance.     

云南省林权管理信息系统平台建设技术政策研究

从云南省集体林权主体改革后林地及其信息管理的需求出发,论述了建立林权管理信息系统平台的必要性,分析了建立管理信息系统平台的有利条件和不利条件,提出了建立管理信息系统平台的目标任务以及建立平台的相关技术、政策措施.     

我国非法证据排除规则的完善——评《办理死刑案件证据规定》和《非法证据排除规定》

"两高三部"的《办理死刑案件证据规定》和《非法证据排除规定》,细化和完善了法律和司法解释关于非法证据排除的规定,进一步确立和完善了我国非法证据排除规则。这"两个规定"对司法机关及人员公正办理刑事案件、依法惩治犯罪、切实保障人权具有十分重要的意义。但也有其不足,需要建立和完善相关的配套措施。     

贵州省凤冈县农村产权制度改革实践与启示

贵州省凤冈县将农村资源进行确权颁证,使之变成农民（自然人、法人）资产,采用入股、交易和抵押融资等方式,变成农业生产经营性资本,探索农村财产性增收的实践途径。     

The effect of recreational disturbance on an upland breeding bird, the golden plover Pluvialis apricaria

The use of the countryside for recreation has increased dramatically in recent years. This has led to concern amongst conservationists about the effects increased human disturbance may have on important wild animal populations. In the UK, recent legislation has widened the level of access to upland habitats, which support internationally important breeding bird populations. Determining the extent to which recreational disturbance affects upland breeding birds is therefore a conservation priority. We used data collected over 13 years to investigate the impact of recreational disturbance on the distribution and reproductive performance of golden plovers breeding in close proximity to the Pennine Way, an intensively used long-distance footpath. Importantly, the Pennine Way was resurfaced in 1994 to prevent further erosion of the surrounding vegetation. We were therefore able to examine if the response of golden plovers to recreational disturbance was influenced by changes in the intensity and extent of human activity resulting from the resurfacing work. Before the Pennine Way was resurfaced, golden plovers avoided areas within 200 m of the footpath during the chick-rearing period. At this time over 30% of people strayed from the footpath and the movement of people across the moorland was therefore widespread and unpredictable. Following resurfacing, over 96% of walkers remained on the Pennine Way, which significantly reduced the impact of recreational disturbance on golden plover distribution; golden plovers only avoided areas within 50 m of the footpath at this time. Despite the clear behavioural responses of golden plovers to the presence of visitors, there was no detectable impact of disturbance on reproductive performance. In many countries, a conflict arises between the use of the countryside for recreational purposes and the protection of habitats or species of high conservation value. However, this study suggests that the implementation of simple measures to influence visitor behaviour can dramatically reduce the impact of recreational disturbance on wild animal populations.     

规范村级财务管理夯实乡村振兴基础

本文将分析村级财务管理规范的重要性,并研究村级财务管理的规范措施,其中主要 包括提升村级会计工作质量、完善监督机制、提升财务审计监督水平、强化村级财务管理制度四 方面。     

大凌河流域初始水权分配方法比较分析

大凌河流域缺水比较严重,对其进行初始水权分配能有效配置水资源,使有限的水资源得到合理的利用,为使各地分得的初始水权更加准确,以公平性、有效性和可持续性原则为指导,建立了相应的指标体系,并分别运用模糊决策和层次分析法对大凌河流域初始水权进行分配,并对两种分配方法进行了比较分析,力求各地权重趋于合理化,最终选择层次分析法做为大凌河流域初始水权分配的方法。     

Ecological and economical significance of homestead forest to the household of the offshore island in Bangladesh

An explanatory survey was conducted to assess the contribution of plant diversity to the ecological and socio-economic condition of the rural household in the offshore island of Bangladesh.Assessment was done by means of multistage random sampling.The homestead sizes of the study area were classified into 3 groups viz,large (>0.25 ha),medium (0.05-0.25 ha) and small (<0.05 ha) based on the result obtained from a preliminary survey,and a total of 45 homesteads,15 from each group,were selected randomly for the study.The average annual income from homestead's plant diversity varied from Tk 5730.00 (US$95.5) to Tk 17500.00 (US$291.67).The rural people were mainly dependent on their homegarden for woodfuel and nutritional requirement as forest was unavailable in the island.The rural people here also cultivated the plant species as a safety measure from frequent cyclone.Constraints hindering the development of homestead plantation were identified and suggestions were given such as the adequate supply of seedlings of fast growing native species and conservation of endangered species to meet the demand of the household as well as to keep ecological balance.