低温胁迫对狗牙根生理及基因表达的影响

以耐寒性差异较大的杂交狗牙根品种运动百慕大、天堂419和普通狗牙根品种保定狗牙根为试验材料,分析了昼夜温度为适温(30 ℃/25 ℃)、亚适温(18 ℃/12 ℃)、冷害(8 ℃/4 ℃)和冻害(4 ℃/-4 ℃)4种温度处理下,低温对狗牙根生长速率和草坪质量、MDA含量、叶绿素荧光(F_v/F_m)、光合作用(P_n、G_s、C_i、T_r)、H₂O₂和O2·-含量、抗氧化酶活性(SOD、POD、CAT、APX)、抗氧化酶及耐寒相关基因(CBF1、COR、LEA)表达的影响。结果表明,随着温度的降低,狗牙根草坪质量、生长速率、F_v/F_m和光合作用显著下降,但在耐寒性强的运动百慕大中下降幅度较小;低温下叶片MDA和H₂O₂含量及O2·-产生速率显著升高,其中在耐寒性弱的保定狗牙根中升高程度更大;狗牙根叶片抗氧化酶活性及抗氧化酶基因的表达水平随着处理温度的下降而显著升高,其中在运动百慕大中更为明显;狗牙根CBF1、COR和LEA基因表达量随着温度的下降而显著升高,尤其是在耐寒狗牙根运动百慕大中更为显著。低温诱导的抗氧化酶和耐寒相关基因上调表达,增强了细胞内的抗氧化防御,有助于狗牙根植株维持较高的光合作用和细胞膜稳定性,延缓叶片的衰老,从而提高了狗牙根的抗寒能力。     

Polyphenols in Eucalyptus leaves improved the egg and meat qualities and protected against ethanol‐induced oxidative damage in laying hens

Polyphenols in Eucalyptus leaves (PE) were value resources due to various pharmacological activities, but data on the effect on laying hens are very scare. This study was conducted to determine the effect of PE on the laying performance, egg traits, meat quality, antioxidant status and liver tissues of laying hens. One hundred and twenty 256‐day‐old Yueqinhuang laying hens were randomly assigned to four treatment groups (different levels of PE at 0, 0.5, 0.8 and 1.2 g/kg diet) for 63 days with 15 replicates per group. Addition of 0.8 g/kg PE not only improved the egg trait by increasing the eggshell thickness and decreasing MDA production and cholesterol content in the egg yolk, but also significantly enhanced meat quality of hens, as suggested by the increase pH_45 min (p < .01) and a* value, and decrease drip loss rate (p < .01). Meanwhile, under acute ethanol‐induced oxidative damage condition, supplementation of 0.8 g/kg PE enhanced the serum antioxidant status by increasing enzymatic activities (GSH‐PX, T‐SOD, T‐AOC), inhibited oxidative damage and provided protective effect to liver tissue. In conclusion, addition of 0.8 g/kg PE not only improved the egg traits and meat quality without obvious adverse effects, but also increased the serum antioxidant status of the hens and protected their liver tissue from ethanol‐induced oxidative damage. This study indicated that PE could be utilized as an effective feed additive for laying hens to improve health performance and egg traits.     

Effect of feed intake level and dietary protein content on the body temperature of pigs housed under thermo neutral conditions

Feed intake and diet composition appear to affect the body temperature of pigs. Two trials were conducted to analyse the effect of feed intake level and dietary protein content on the intestinal temperature (IT) of pigs housed under thermo neutral conditions. Ten pigs (64.1 ± 1.3 kg initial body weight) fitted with an ileal cannula were used. A thermometer set to register the IT at 5‐min intervals was implanted into the ileum through the cannula. In both trials, the ambient temperature ranged from 19.1 to 21.6°C and the pigs were fed at 07:00 and 19:00 hr (same amount each time). In trial 1, the pigs were fed daily 1.2 or 1.8 kg of a wheat–soybean meal diet. The IT followed a similar pattern along a 24‐hr period regardless the feed intake level. The IT rapidly increased up to 0.61 and 0.74°C after the morning meal and up to 0.53 and 0.47°C after the evening meal in pigs fed 1.2 and 1.8 kg/d respectively. The postprandial IT was higher in pigs fed 1.8 kg after each meal (p < .05). In trial 2, pigs were fed daily 1.8 kg of a low (11%) or a high (22%) crude protein diet. The IT followed a similar pattern along the 24‐hr period regardless the dietary protein level. The postprandial IT did not differ between pigs fed the low protein or the high protein (p > .10). The IT rapidly increased up to 0.66 and 0.62°C after the morning meal in pigs fed the high‐ and low‐protein diet (p < .05), but there was no change after the evening meal (p > .10). In conclusion, the feed intake level affected the IT of pigs housed under TN conditions, but the dietary protein content had no effect.     

特优航2号在龙海的产量表现及高产栽培技术

介绍了特优航2号参加福建省区试、生产试验以及在龙海示范种植的表现。调查了特优航2号不同产量水平的产量构成,明确有效穗与产量的相关最密切,对产量直接通径系数最高,对产量贡献率最大;其次为每穗总粒数,有效穗与每穗总粒数对产量的贡献率占4个构成因素总贡献率的86.39%。据此提出特优航2号高产栽培技术。     

温湿度对烤烟醇化过程中各化学成分的影响

从测定与烤烟醇化相关的指标物质入手,研究醇化库的温、湿度等条件对片烟醇化的影响。高温低湿(35℃70%)条件下既能保证烟叶含水量的安全,同时也促进了烟叶中物质的转化过程,加快了醇化进程,是本研究条件下最佳的醇化条件。     

一种简易的花房温湿度无线自动监控系统

花房内的温湿度变化直接影响到花卉的健壮生长,以C8051F330为核心设计一款简易的花房温湿度无线自动监控系统,可对花房内的温湿度进行实时自动监控,当花房内温湿度指标超过设定值时,系统发出声光报警。该系统温度测量范围为-55~125℃,精度为±4℃;相对湿度测量范围为10%~90%,精度为±5%。经测试,系统运行稳定,...     

南方地区高水分玉米安全度夏技术探讨

根据水分的高低,对新收购的高水分玉米分别储存在露天囤和高大平房仓中,将露天囤里的玉米通风降水后转入高大平房仓储存,再对玉米通风降温,并采取仓房密封、悬挂防晒网、空调控温等配套措施控制粮温,期间采取磷化铝多次补药熏蒸杀灭粮堆内害虫及霉菌,使玉米安全度夏。     

毕节地区干草调制研究

中国南方喀斯特地区干草调制受限于诸多自然因素,客观上阻碍了该类地区草食畜牧业的发展,本研究在喀斯特典型地区贵州毕节撒拉溪示范区选取扁穗雀麦(Bromus cartharticus)、高羊茅(Festuca elata)、鸭茅(Dactylis glomerata)、菊苣(Cichorium intybus)、紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)、白三叶(Trifolium repens)、红三叶(T.pratense)、多年生黑麦(Lolium perenne)8种牧草进行田间自然晾晒,记录各时间段牧草的重量、空气温度和湿度,并对历年该地区气候进行浅析,重点分析近3年来4、5、6、7月份的最高温和最低温变化,通过对该地区8种主要栽培牧草的干燥过程和水分散失规律的研究,结合多年降水和气温变化规律,分析该地区调制干草的可行性,以期为喀斯特地区畜牧业的发展提供一些数据支撑。结果表明,1)4种禾本科牧草的干燥速率明显优于3种豆科牧草和菊苣;2)从外观评价角度出发,白三叶、红三叶、菊苣均不适合进行牧草晾晒;3)在选择的影响指标中,对干草晾晒的影响程度表现为晾晒时间空气湿度温度;4)综合分析各气候因子,在贵州毕节地区7月份最适合进行干草调制;5)干草调制具备可观的经济收益。