高温胁迫对无核白鸡心和无核翠宝葡萄叶片光合及荧光特性的影响

【目的】分析不同光温条件下无核白鸡心和无核翠宝葡萄光合特性与荧光特性的变化,研究高温胁迫对无核白鸡心和无核翠宝葡萄光合作用的影响,以及高温对无核白鸡心和无核翠宝葡萄光合特性的影响。【方法】以无核白鸡心和无核翠宝葡萄为材料,采用LI-6400,FMS-2等仪器测定光合指标,分析高温胁迫对无核白鸡心和无核翠宝葡萄光合作用的影响。【结果】2020年葡萄生长发育期（4~9月）,高温环境的日最高温度43℃,日最高温超过40 ℃的天数为16 d;适温环境的日最高温仅38 ℃。高温环境与适温环境最高PAR光辐射强度值分别为1 887 和1 730 µmol/（m²·s）;2个品种的净光合速率日变化均呈双峰曲线,在10：00时高温环境Pn高达18.9 µmol/（m²·s）,高于适温环境13.0 µmol/（m²·s）。无核白鸡心在适温环境下光补偿点较高,无核翠宝在高温环境光补偿点较高;2个品种表观量子效率和暗呼吸速率在高温环境较高。无核翠宝qP和NPQ值在高温环境中高于适宜环境;无核白鸡心在高温环境中ΦPSⅡ值和电子传递速率值高于适宜环境。【结论】无核白鸡心在高温环境净光合速率最高,光合能力表现较好,长期在高温环境下生长已经适应高温。     

优质抗裂金丝小枣新品种‘沧金1号’选育研究

‘沧金1号’由沧州市农林科学院选育。果实圆形,个大,纵横径平均为2.61 cm×2.58 cm,成熟果实紫红色,平均单果重8.3 g,最大单果重12.7 g,制干率60%,鲜果含可溶性固形物32.08%,Vc451 mg/100 g,干枣含糖量73.5%;味甘甜微酸,品质上等,可食率97%,肉厚核小,制干率60%,适于鲜食和制干。株行距3 m×5m,嫁接后连续3 a开甲,株产鲜枣20.5 kg,产量13.84 t/hm2;较普通金丝小枣增产10%;连续4 a开甲,株产鲜枣21.5 kg,产量14.51 t/hm2,较普通金丝小枣增产13%;连续5 a开甲,株产鲜枣23.5 kg,产量15.86 t/hm2,较普通金丝小枣增产12%;耐瘠薄,抗盐碱,抗病能力强,抗裂果,裂果率低于3%;2010年12月通过河北省林木品种审定委员会审定。     

基于多种UDF方法的变桨距垂直轴风力机性能分析

为了提高垂直轴风力机的性能,针对变桨距垂直轴风力机,利用叶素理论求得叶片在不同方位桨距角的变化规律,使叶片在各个不同位置升力系数达到最大;通过滑移网格、动网格、滑移网格动网格组合等动区域方法的研究,实现了变桨距垂直轴风力机主动控制数值模拟方法的多元化;最终获得不同叶片各自产生的总力矩和风能利用率。用垂直轴风力机的试验和模拟对比分析,验证了数值模拟结果的可靠性。结果表明,采用变桨控制规律的垂直轴风力机,提高了风力机的风能利用率,尤其是在低尖速比情况下,很大程度上改善了风力机的起动性能,尖速比为1.5、2.0、2.5时,相对定桨距风力机功率都增大90%左右。     

林带冬季相结构参数及透风系数的算法推导

从林带结构参数——疏透度β、立木表面积疏透度S’、立木体积疏透度V’、地上生物表面积密度C、地上生物体积密度W的定义和运算关系出发,推演出冬季相林带结构参数之间、以及它们与林带透风系数α、林带宽度D、枝条平均直径d的相互关系,其表达式为:W=V’/D=1/4dC=dS’/4D=-πdlnβ/4D=-0.1πdlnα/D该式是对几个主要结构参数之间具有同质性的证明,说明不同结构参数概念具有本质上的继承性和一致性,不存在严格意义上的排他性,在一定条件下是可以换算的,为林带防风效应评价运算提供了方便。导出一组适合我国北方干旱风沙区农田防护林带防风效应评价的运算公式。     

优质稻科玉03百亩连片生产示范与高产栽培技术研究

科玉03是玉林市农业科学研究所选育的优质稻新品种,2010年3月通过广西农作物品种审定。2011年晚造在广西玉林市玉东新区榕楼村进行百亩连片高产栽培示范,采用稀播培育分蘖壮秧、小苗规范抛植、平衡施肥、适时追肥、科学管水及综合防治病虫害等配套栽培技术措施,平均产量7.99t/hm2,比对照柳沙油占202增产12.7%,示范获得成功。     

Soil Potassium Indices and Clay‐Sized Particles affecting Banana‐Wilt Expression Caused by Soil Fungus in Banana Plantation Development on Transported Volcanic Soils

Abstract

Relations among the expression of banana disease symptoms caused by the soil fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense, soil potassium (K)–sodium (Na) properties [soluble K‐Na ratios (SK/SS), potential buffering capacity for K (KBC), potassium adsorption ratio (KAR)], and clay‐sized particles were evaluated in Sorribas plots from the Canary Islands. Soils were sampled in areas of Sorribas where banana plants show positive or negative wilting symptoms characteristic of Panama disease. The Bartoli method was used for soil dispersion (Na resin). This method was able to show a clear separation between diseased and disease‐free areas by the amount of clay‐sized particles. Results also show that the greatest SK/SS ratios and clay‐sized particles in soils from diseased areas could explain the increase of water‐stable aggregate mass in these soils and the release of available iron (Fe) to soil solution in diseased areas, at least in Sorribas cultivated soils under the arid climate conditions of the Canary Islands.     

无过载离心泵设计参数与性能关系研究

根据无过载离心泵最大轴功率与额定轴功率比值(功率备用系数K)公式,通过推导,将K表示成仅与比转数、叶片出口角和叶片数相关的函数,以此函数给出了K的三维曲面以及在不同叶片数下K关于叶片出口角和泵比转数的等高线.K和叶片数关系不大,叶片出口角、泵比转数对K影响较大;在相同的K下,比转数越高,可取的最大叶片出口角越大.由等高线图可以根据比转数、K选择合理的叶片出口角.实例证明,该方法能够快捷实现无过载离心泵设计,避免了传统方法叶片出口角选择的盲目性.     

The effects of compost in a rice–wheat cropping system on aggregate size,carbon and nitrogen content of the size–density fraction and chemical composition of soil organic matter,as shown by 13C CP NMR spectroscopy

We investigated whether the long‐term application of compost from agricultural waste improved soil physical structure, fertility and soil organic matter (SOM) storage. In 2006, we began a long‐term field experiment based on a rice–wheat rotation cropping system, having a control without fertilizer (NF) and three treatments: chemical fertilizers (CF), pig manure compost (PMC) and a prilled mixture of PMC and inorganic fertilizers (OICF). Following the harvest of wheat in 2010, the mean‐weight diameter (MWD) of water‐stable aggregates and the concentration of C and N in bulk soil (0–20 cm; <2 mm fraction) were significantly greater (P < 0.05) in PMC and NF plots than in CF or OICF plots. Pig manure compost significantly increased the proportion of >5‐mm aggregates, whereas CF significantly increased the proportion of 0.45‐ to 1‐mm aggregates. The C and N contents of all density fractions were greater in PMC than in other treatments with levels decreasing in the following order: free particulate organic matter (fPOM) >occluded particulate organic matter (oPOM) > mineral‐combined SOM (mineral–SOM). Solid‐state ¹³C CPMAS NMR spectra showed that alkyl C/O‐alkyl C ratios and aromatic component levels of SOM were smaller in PMC and OICF plots than in CF plots, suggesting that SOM in PMC and OICF plots was less degraded than that in CF plots. Nevertheless, yields of wheat in PMC and NF plots were smaller than those in CF and OICF plots, indicating that conditions for producing large grain yields did not maintain soil fertility.     

落锤式弯沉仪与贝克曼梁测定的弯沉值之间相关性研究

由于我国汽车工业的迅猛发展,贝克曼梁法检测弯沉值用的标准车在市场越来越少,工程用的实测弯沉值的标准车与规范要求有一定差距,取而代之是落锤式弯沉仪,《公路路基路面现场测试规程》要求落锤式弯沉仪、贝克曼粱测定的弯沉值二者相关系数R应不小于0.95,通过大量比对测试,二者有相关性,但其相关系数一般达不到0.95,R值的大小与一些因素密切相关.