叶黄素和中草药对高温环境中罗曼蛋鸡产蛋性能与蛋品质的影响

试验旨在利用叶黄素与中草药组合缓解热应激对蛋鸡的危害。选取210只罗曼粉壳蛋鸡,在高温环境中设立6个试验组,每组30只鸡,Ⅰ组饲喂基础日粮,Ⅱ组饲喂基础日粮+0.3%中草药+维生素C(200mg/kg),Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组、Ⅴ组、Ⅵ组在饲喂基础日粮+维生素C(200mg/kg)的基础上分别添加180mg/kg、240mg/kg、300mg/kg和360mg/kg叶黄素,常温环境中设立1个试验组,有30只鸡,饲喂基础日粮,分析叶黄素、中草药、叶黄素与中草药组合对高温环境中罗曼蛋鸡产蛋性能和蛋品质的影响。结果表明:(1)高温使蛋鸡的产蛋率、平均蛋重、蛋壳厚度分布分别显著下降9.79%、7.21%和11.55%(P0.05);(2)比Ⅰ组高温对照组相比,Ⅱ组中草药组的产蛋率、平均蛋重、鸡蛋蛋白质含量分别显著提高7.66%、4.09%和11.53%(P0.05);(3)在高温环境中,与Ⅰ组高温对照组相比,Ⅳ组中240mg/kg叶黄素与中草药组的产蛋率、蛋壳厚度显著提高6.90%和12.42%(P0.05),破软壳蛋率显著降低76.69%(P0.05),罗氏等级显著提高(P0.05),鸡蛋蛋白质含量提高8.56%(P0.05);(4)与Ⅱ组中草药组相比,Ⅳ组中240mg/kg叶黄素与中草药组合的破软壳蛋率显著降低72.26%(P0.05),罗氏等级显著提高(P0.05)。试验结果显示,在本试验条件下,高温使蛋鸡的生产性能下降,0.3%中草药能提高高温环境中蛋鸡的产蛋率,蛋鸡日粮中添加240mg/kg的叶黄素+0.3%中草药可提高高温环境中蛋鸡的产蛋性能,改善蛋品质。     

4种黄酒基本营养成分的检测与比较

摘要:目的：为了开发灵芝黄酒,并提高南阳黄酒的知名度,本文测定了绍兴黄酒、南阳黄酒、和两种灵芝黄酒中基本营养元素的含量,并对其含量进行了比较。方法：用氨基酸自动分析仪对四种黄酒中的17种氨基酸进行了全面的定量分析;利用荧光法对四种黄酒中的维生素B1、维生素B2进行了定量分析;采用2,4-二硝基苯肼法检测不同黄酒中的维生素C的含量。结论：四种黄酒在基本营养成分含量上各有所长。     

水稻株型性状的配合力分析

将１０个恢复系,５个不育系按不完全双列杂交组配,考察其Ｆ１代株型性状的配合力。结果表明,剑叶长,宽,角度,株高４个性状的遗传主要受加性效应的影响,分蘖角度受加性效应和非加性效应的影响,但主要受非加性效应的影响。不同材料的一般配合力,特殊配合力效应及其变异程度存在着差异。     

番茄/茄子嫁接对其根际土壤生物学性状及细菌群落结构的影响

以茄子作为砧木,番茄为接穗进行嫁接,并以番茄自根植株和茄子自根植株作为对照,基于传统及现代高通量测序技术分析根际土壤的生物学性状及细菌群落结构特征,旨在揭示嫁接植株抗性增强的机制。结果表明:番茄/茄子嫁接植株根际土壤中可培养细菌、放线菌数量,微生物生物量、酶活性和细菌丰富度、多样性指数均显著高于茄子和番茄自根植株;另一方面,norank_cAcidobacteria、硝化螺菌属(Nitrospira)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、norank_fGemmatimonadaceae、norank_oGaiellales、norank_fXanthobacteraceae、norank_oSC-I-84、norank_fAnaerolineaceae、norank_fNitrosomonadace...     

玉米粉和乳酸菌对甘薯蔓、酒糟及稻草混合青贮品质的影响

为评价玉米粉和乳酸菌对甘薯蔓、酒糟及稻草(4∶4∶2)混合青贮品质的影响,试验设对照组(CK)、玉米粉添加组(CF)、乳酸菌添加组(LAB)、玉米粉和乳酸菌组合添加组(CF+LAB),每个处理6个重复,室温下贮藏60 d开封,取样分析青贮品质。结果表明,添加玉米粉和乳酸菌制剂均明显提高了青贮料的感官品质,与CK相比,CF处理、LAB处理及CF+LAB处理中 CP含量极显著提高(P<0.01), NH₃-N/TN、AA、PA、Ash含量极显著降低(P<0.01),CF处理极显著地提高了DM、CP、LA含量(P<0.01),而LAB处理则极显著地降低了NDF、ADF含量(P<0.01),CF+LAB中NH₃-N/TN、AA含量及pH值极显著低于LAB(P<0.01),显著低于CF(P<0.05)。综上所述,添加玉米粉和乳酸菌制剂均提高了青贮品质,单独添加乳酸菌制剂青贮品质要次于单独添加玉米粉,两者组合添加青贮品质更好。     

南方水稻区域试验品种对水稻白叶枯病抗性调查

1983-2007年,对南方稻区水稻区域试验品种、组合的白叶枯病抗性进行了研究。结果表明,在1 805个参试品种、组合中,78个表现抗白叶枯病,抗病品种频率为4.3%;其中,常规水稻74个,占抗病品种的94.9%。在1 219个籼型杂交水稻中,抗病的组合3个,中抗的76个,抗病和中抗组合频率分别为0.2%和6.2%。不同类型和不同生态型水稻的抗病品种频率差异显著,晚粳>早籼>中籼>晚籼;常规水稻>杂交水稻。籼型杂交水稻中抗病组合频率为:杂交晚稻>杂交早稻>杂交中稻。1990-2004年,17个抗或中抗白叶枯病的优良水稻新品种、组合通过国家审定。     

中蜂越夏及秋季繁殖试验

在贵州锦屏进行的中蜂越夏及秋繁试验表明，４框以上的群势越夏较为安全。越夏期间每框足蜂约需补喂白糖１．５公斤。越夏后，蜂群群势约下降１／３左右。蜂群在越夏期间飞逃的主要原因是缺蜜及巢虫危害。当地中蜂在秋季大流蜜初期发生分蜂，分蜂群势均为８框足蜂以上，７框左右不分群。为控制不同起繁群势的蜂群在秋季大流蜜初期正好繁殖到７框左右，不致因分蜂影响秋冬蜜的采集，应分期起步秋繁。根据本试验所建秋季起繁群势（ｘ）与达７框群势所需繁殖天数（ｙ）之间的回归直线方程推算，在起繁群势为１～５框蜂量时，最适的秋繁开始期，１框群为７月３１日，２框群８月１０日……蜂群的基础群势每增加一框，则秋繁开始期应相应推迟１０～１１天。     

Persistence of tebufenozide in aquatic ecosystems under laboratory and field conditions

The persistence and dissipation behaviour of tebufenozide, an ecdysone agonist, were investigated: (1) under laboratory conditions in aquatic models set up in glass aquaria, and (2) under field conditions in in-situ aquatic enclosures deployed in a mixed-wood boreal forest lake. Two models were set up in the laboratory study (Study I), which was conducted at constant conditions of temperature, water pH and photoperiod. In Model I, partitioning of tebufenozide from sediment, treated at a concentration of 1400 μg kg^-1, into untreated water was examined. The results showed that the chemical moved very little from the treated sediment into water. The concentration in sediment and water decreased gradually during the 90-day incubation period. Tebufenozide disappeared faster from the top layer of sediment than from the middle and bottom layers. The half-lives of disappearance were 64 days for the top layer but >90 days for the middle and bottom layers respectively. In Model II, partitioning from water, treated at a concentration of 350 μg litre^-1, into untreated sediment was investigated. The results showed that the chemical moved from treated water into sediment due to adsorption. Little vertical downward movement of the adsorbed residues from the top layer of sediment occurred into layers beneath. The adsorbed residues were also not released readily back into water. The concentration in water and sediment decreased gradually during the 90-day incubation period. The half-life of dissipation from water was 67 days. The field microcosm study (Study II), conducted under fluctuating conditions of temperature, water pH and photoperiod, involved application of tebufenozide onto aquatic enclosures at four concentrations of 0·05, 0·10, 0·26 and 0·5 mg litre^-1. This study also showed that the chemical moved downwards from the applied location and was adsorbed onto sediment. The chemical persisted longer in Study II than in Study I. Tebufenozide, being photo-labile, probably degraded faster after constant exposure to light in Study I than after exposure to fluctuating light in Study II. At 90 days after treatment in Study I, only about 55% of the applied material persisted in the sediment, and there was little accumulation. In Study II, the material not only persisted but also was accumulated in the sediment, since at 92 days post-treatment the residues were about 25 times higher than the applied concentration level. Residues in water also decreased more rapidly in Study I than in Study II, because the concentration at 90 days post-treatment was about 41% of the applied value. In Study II, however, about 65% of the applied chemical persisted in water at 92 days post-treatment. While the long persistence of tebufenozide in both the laboratory and field studies was attributable to its low vapour pressure, low water solubility, high octanol/water partition coefficient etc., the differences in the persistence characteristics observed in the two studies were due to the fluctuating environmental conditions and water pH encountered in the field study, compared with the constant environmental conditions and water pH utilized in the laboratory study. © 1997 SCI.     

秸秆还田及施肥对小麦复种油菜农田土壤呼吸的影响

在甘肃省石羊河绿洲灌区连续3 a的小麦复种油菜田间定位试验的基础上,采用EGM-4密闭式土壤呼吸测量系统,测定了不同施肥水平和不同秸秆还田方式下小麦复种油菜农田的土壤呼吸速率。结果表明：在整个观测期内, 土壤呼吸速率最高值出现在8月下旬（152.06~199.58 mg•m^-2•h^-1）,最低值出现在10月中旬（12.67~19.01 mg•m^-2•h^-1）。土壤呼吸速率日变化呈单峰曲线,最高值出现在12:00-14:00, 4:00左右达最低值;不同秸秆还田方式下, 高茬收割免耕播种油菜的处理明显降低了土壤呼吸速率,且在秸秆处理后的油菜生育期内降低效果更加明显;不同施肥水平下,在N、P减量15%的情况下,土壤呼吸速率显著下降;各试验处理措施下, 土壤呼吸速率与5 cm和10 cm土壤温度、30 cm各层土壤含水量均呈极显著正相关,并且土壤呼吸速率与0~30 cm土壤水分的相关性较土壤温度高;不同处理下土壤呼吸速率与土壤孔隙度基本上呈负相关,但是两者之间相关性并不显著。     

杂交水稻新组合比较试验初报

为筛选出高产、抗逆性强、生育期适合双季稻区种植的杂交水稻新组合,总结其高产配套的栽培技术措施指导当地农业生产,选择五优308、新两优6380、辐优21、特优165、金福优16共5个杂交水稻新组合进行比较试验。结果表明,五优308的产量最高,比对照金优207增产54.6﹪;其次是新两优6380,比对照增产37.9%;再次是辐优21,比对照增产35.6%;增产均达极显著水平,这3个组合可在柳江县双季稻区推广种植。