Measurement of coupled nitrification-denitrification in paddy fields affected by Terrazole,a nitrification inhibitor

Coupled nitrification-denitrification and potential denitrification were measured as ¹⁵N₂O and ¹⁵N₂ evolution rates in ammonium sulphate-treated rice soils with or without Terrazole [5-ethoxy-3 (trichloromethyl) 1,2,3 Thiadizole] under laboratory and field conditions. The greatest coupled nitrification-denitrification activity was found after drying and rewetting the soil, with maximum values of 322 ng N cm^–2 h^–1 in the laboratory and 90.8 ng N cm^–2 h^–1 in the field. These ¹⁵N₂O + ¹⁵N₂ evolution rates were about 10 times lower than potential denitrification in these soils. These results and the observed decrease in ¹⁵N₂O + ¹⁵N₂ evolution rate in soils treated with Terrazole (60% under laboratory conditions and 52% under field conditions) indicate that denitrification was limited by coupled nitrification-denitrification activity. Oxygen and previous addition of ammonium sulphate appear to control the rate of ¹⁵N₂O + ¹⁵N₂ evolution in ammonium sulphate-fertilised soils.     

北京地区菜园土壤磷素积累的剖面特征及对环境的潜在影响

Profile characteristics of accumulated P in 10 representative soils of vegetable fields in suburban districts of Beijing were investigated. Bioavailability of the accumuIated P and its potential effect on the environment were studied in a greenhouse pot experiment and a soil column experiment. The results showed that theconcentration of Olsen-P in the 0-20 cm soil samples of the vegetable fields ranged from 22.1 to 358.0 mg kg^-1, which was 2 to 10 times higher than that of the crop fields in the suburbs of Beijing. Most of theexcessive phosphorus was accumulated in the topsoils. The longer the soils cultivated with vegetables, thehigher the soil total P, Olsen-P and organic matter concentration. Accumulated P in the soils from vegetablefields had higher bioavailability. Application of phosphorus fertilizer could not increase the dry weights ofcucumbers, Chinese cabbage, and rape seedlings continuously planted. The soil column study showed high P concentration (> 0.6 mg L^-1) in the leachates from the columns of the vegetable field soils with high accumulated P, which has a potential effect on the groundwater and natural water quality.     

Image denoising using HMT in PDTDFB domain

Based on the dependency of the PDTDFB coefficients across the interscale and interdirection and the statistical properties of HMT for the correlation properties, a new HMT in PDTDFB domain was put forward. Compared with the other typical denoising methods, the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method shows better performance in image denoising, especially in edge maintenance.     

论立式金属罐参照高度变化的随机性

当前，对动作中立式储罐的参照高度认为是固定值的看法，是不切剑实际的。在立式罐结构分析中，认为参照高度实际产生随机变化有其必须性，并通过国内外立式罐参照高度的实测数据和资料予以证实。确认立式罐参照高度在立式罐容量标定和计量过程中实际存在着０变化的随机性，而且会对立式罐容量的标定和计量的准确度产生明显的影响，在大多数情况下已超过允许误差范围。     

分析非线性随机结构动态响应的等效随机系统法

在确定性非线性系统等效线性化方法的基础上，提出了分析含有随机参数的非线性结构动态响应的等效随机系统法。考虑了最一般的多自由度系统，以刚度随机为例推导了等效随机系统法的公式，并给出等效随机系统法的算法。以非线性单自由度系统为算例进行计算，结果表明，等效随机系统法得到的解与Monte—Carlo模拟解几乎完全吻合。本方法精度较高，且与Monte—Carlo法相比计算时间大大缩短。     

四轮车辆隔振系统的传递矩阵

以四轮运输车辆为模型，建立了车辆４点随机激励的耦合与非耦合振动方程，导出了非耦合条件下四轮车辆隔振系统的传递矩阵。利用本文结果，可对车辆振动系统的频率特性和结构参数作进一步的研究。     

3种生物农药及植物源农药防治东亚飞蝗效果评价

通过2005—2006年在河南省中牟县黄河滩区利用生物农药、植物源农药和常用化学农药防治东亚飞蝗的田间笼罩试验结果表明:30%杀蝗绿僵菌油悬浮剂167ml/hm2、250ml/hm2,药后14d的平均防效可达到90%左右,1%苦皮藤素乳油300ml/hm2、0.3%苦参碱水剂900ml/hm2两个处理的平均防效均达到90%以上,与中毒化学农药氟虫腈的防效接近,而优于低毒化学农药马拉硫磷的防效。鉴于杀蝗绿僵菌、苦皮藤素、苦参碱三种药剂均为低毒的生物农药和植物源农药,可作为替代有机磷和菊酯类农药用于东亚飞蝗的防治。     

陆地棉产量构成因素条件变量分析

采用条件变量分析方法，对23个陆地棉品种(系)两年资料的棉花单株产量及其3个组分性状进行了分析，结果表明，单株铃数引起单株产量的变异最大．衣分引起单株产量的变异最小；衣分以外的其他因素与环境的互作对单株产量的影响最大．单株铃数以外的其他因素与环境互作对单株产量的影响最小；不同品种基因型效应不同．不同品种3个组分性状对单株产量的贡献也有所不同。     

基于AR特征的刀具状态识别方法

通过分析切削过程刀具产生的振动信号的特点,引入自回归(AR)模型来表征刀具切削过程的工作状态;并利用隐Markov模型(HMM)对经AR模型处理后得到的特征向量(AR系数)和由FFT得到的特征向量(幅值谱)进行比较.结果表明:对于切削过程产生的振动信号采用AR模型得到的特征参数比由FFT得到的幅值谱更能有效地表征这一过程中刀具的工作状态.     

用RAPD标记鉴定甘蓝型油菜杂种H9909的纯度

通过对杂交组合H9909两亲本的指纹图谱分析，初选出4个引物S374、S1334、S1365和UBC523用于杂种纯度鉴定。引物S1334和UBC523在两亲本中均扩增出特异带，引物S374和S1465能扩增出父本标记带。以两亲本和手工杂种F1为模板对上述4个引物再一次进行RAPD扩增，S1334并没有在F1的RAPD图谱产生理想的双亲型或偏父型标记带，UBC523在F1扩增得到的父本标记带和在母本中扩增的标记带大小相近，不易辨别；引物S374、S1365均能使F1扩增出父本的特异带，进一步确定引物S374和S1365可用于杂种鉴定。引物S374的RAPD标记将待鉴定100个单株中的5个不育单株标记为假杂种，与田间育性调查的结果完全一致。引物S1365的RAPD分析结果显示，除上述5个不育单株外，另外2个可育单株亦为假杂种，可能由外来花粉串粉或机械混杂引起。