浅谈我国农田土壤重金属污染现状及修复研究

农田土壤重金属污染导致农作物重金属含量超标,这些重金属随食物链进入人体内,对人体健康造成危害。了解农田土壤重金属污染现状、重金属污染对农作物的危害,以及污染农田的治理修复,对维护人体健康具有重要意义。本文综述了我国农田土壤重金属污染现状,分析了农田土壤重金属污染可能对农作物造成的影响,概括了目前农田土壤重金属污染的主要治理方式,并分析了这些治理方式的差异性和优缺点,对未来农田土壤重金属污染治理的方向作出了展望。为该领域初学者了解该领域研究方向、发展趋势和研究热点提供了指导,也为我国农田土壤重金属污染治理的进一步研究提供参考。     

沉水植物在水环境治理中的应用研究

淡水是人类生存不可或缺的珍贵资源,然而随着近年工业快速发展及人口大幅增加,水环境污染问题日益突出,进一步加剧了水资源短缺的矛盾。沉水植物因其各部分均可吸收养料且通气组织特别发达,常被用作水环境治理的先锋种,其具有去除氮磷、提高透明度、固定底泥、抑制蓝藻、微生物协同等重要作用。本文就沉水植物及其设计原则、作用原理展开阐述,并分析应用中存在的问题,展望未来研究方向,以期为沉水植物今后的应用与研究提供参考。     

基于SVM算法的区域农田灌溉短期用水量预测方法

常规方法对区域农田灌溉短期用水量预测时易出现预测数据误差大,预测过程复杂等现象。设计基于SVM算法对区域农田灌溉短期用水量进行预测。以某沿黄区域位于全景属于黄河流域东南方向一区域农田为研究对象,首先基于SVM算法选择用水量特征,选取一对一的构造方法将农田灌溉短期用水量数据分为两个类别。通过SVM算法中支持向量机分类功能将农田灌溉短期用水量特征子集进行获取,并在此基础上可以根据特征子集通过预测模型进行用水量预测。由于用水量序列波动性较强,将GM(1,N)模型与机器学习算法LSSVR模型相结合来进行用水量预测,并确定模型评价指标。结果证明基于SVM算法的区域农田灌溉短期用水量预测方法误差在允许范围内且在农业中具有可使用性。     

不同光照处理下外施营养液和激素对万圣节法师叶色变化的影响[1]

To study the effects of light, external nutrition, and hormones on the color changes of Aeonium aeonium "Halloween" leaves. In this study, the 1-year-old stem cuttings of the Aeonium aeonium "Halloween" were used as materials. The leaves were sprayed with 25mg/L methyl jasmonic acid, 3‰ potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 1‰ calcium magnesium boron mixture for two consecutive times, with an interval of 3 days. The experiment consisted of CK (water control), LS, DS (dark culture for 1 week). After 1 week of treatment, the leaf color parameters and anthocyanin pigment content were measured every 7 days for 6 consecutive weeks. The results showed that the treatment time and method had a significant impact on the leaf color parameters. In terms of brightness value L, as the treatment time extended, all three treatments showed an upward downward upward trend. Among them, the highest value was reached after 2 weeks of treatment, gradually decreased after 3 weeks, and sharply increased again after 6 weeks; In terms of red green saturation a value, after 2-4 weeks of treatment, both LS and DS treatments were significantly higher than CK, and the effect significantly decreased after 5 weeks; Light has a significant impact on a value, with DS treatment showing a significant decrease in a value after one week of shading, and a sharp increase after re lighting; In terms of the b value of yellow and blue saturation, the change in CK value is relatively small with the extension of treatment time, while the fluctuation in LS and DS treatment is significant; In terms of color saturation c value, DS treatment significantly increased with the prolongation of treatment time, and there was no significant change in LS and CK treatment within 1-3 weeks. After 3 weeks of treatment, there was no significant difference between the three treatments; With the extension of treatment time, the anthocyanin content of each treatment showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. After 2-3 weeks of treatment, the anthocyanin content was higher, and gradually decreased after 4 weeks of treatment; Correlation analysis shows that anthocyanin content is highly significantly positively correlated with a and c values, and anthocyanin content is a key factor in the red color of Aeonium aeonium "Halloween".     

用PCR检测副溶血性弧菌耐热溶血素基因

根据副溶血性弧菌的耐热溶血素基因（ｔｄｈ）设计了２对引物，经聚合酶链式反应（ＰＣＲ）检测，所有１８株神奈川试验阳性副溶血性弧菌均呈阳性反应，而６株神奈川试验阴性副溶血性弧菌呈阴性反应，其他９种（３４株）弧菌和８株其他革兰氏阴性菌也呈阴性反应。检测敏感性可达２ＣＦＵ的副溶血性弧菌。     

关于高校图书馆文库文献收集的问题

概括了高校文库文献收集工作的内容以及当前文库文献收集存在的问题,提出争取领导的支持,变图书馆行为为学校行为;把握时机,拓展收集渠道;设立专项经费,开展有偿征购;提高人员素质,培养敬业精神是加强文库文献收集的主要措施.     

注重党校图书馆的信息资源建设

党校图书馆是党校的信息中心,担负着为教学、科研服务的重任.新时期信息资源的多元化、爆炸式增长决定了党校图书馆必须加强信息资源建设.本文论述了加强党校图书馆信息资源建设的必要性、内容.提出了加强信息资源建设的措施.     

黄土丘陵区不同植被类型根际微生物群落功能多样性研究

为了解生态恢复过程中土壤微生物功能特征,采用Biolog-Eco微平板法分析了黄土丘陵区人工灌木(柠条 Caragana korshinskii、沙棘 Hippophaer rhamnoides)、人工草地(沙打旺 Astragalus adsurgens、柳枝稷 Panicum virgatum)和天然草地(阿尔泰狗哇花 Heteropappus altaicus、茵陈蒿 Artemisia capillaries)的根际微生物碳源代谢多样性特征。结果表明:柠条、阿尔泰狗哇花和茵陈蒿的根际微生物对糖类的代谢能力显著高于沙棘、沙打旺和柳枝稷;阿尔泰狗哇花和茵陈蒿对氨基酸类、酚酸类和聚合物类的代谢能力较高。茵陈蒿和阿尔泰狗哇花的微生物代谢功能多样性高于其他4种植物。柠条、阿尔泰狗哇花和茵陈蒿具有相似的根际微生物代谢功能。黄土丘陵区植被类型显著影响微生物群落碳源利用能力,天然草地根际微生物群落代谢功能多样性优于人工灌木和人工草地。     

土壤处理对西洋参根际线虫数量动态的影响及对防治茎线虫根腐病的效果

 Root rot of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium) caused by Ditylenchus destructor is a novel disease found recently in Beijing area. The effects of three soil treatments (fumigating with chloropicrin, chloropicrin + lvfeng organic manure and nematicide fosthiazate) on the number of rhizospheric nematodes, survived plants, root yield and root rot of 3-year ginseng plant were compared. The effects were also investigated at the second year after treatment. The results indicated that the number of parasitic nematodes in rhizosphere of treated soil reached the peak value in late June to early July as the soil temperature raised in the growing season. Compared with the regular treatment, the number of plant parasitic nematodes was reduced while non-plant parasitic nematodes increased. The number of non-plant parasitic nematodes in the soil treated with chloropicrin + lvfeng organic manure was 2 times than that treated with chloropicrin only. The ratio of non-parasitic to parasitic nematodes of three treatments was higher than the control. Percent of survived plants was 94.8%-96.4% and diseased root was decreased obviously. The control efficacy was more than 89% at the first year after treatment. The survived plants and plot yield of ginseng increased significantly and the control efficacy was around 40% at the second year. The best of the three treatments was by chloropicrin + organic manure.