面向循环经济的畜禽养殖发展思路

本文阐述了循环经济的特征及其运行模式，分析了传统畜禽养殖业的污染现状及其原因，讨论了面向循环经济的畜禽养殖业应遵循的三大原则，即减量化、再利用和资源化，对畜禽养殖技术、废物利用技术进行了探讨，提出畜禽养殖业应该走循环经济的发展模式，通过研制生态饲料及废物综合利用，达到畜禽粪便的减量化、资源化和无害化。     

Farm and Personal Characteristics of the Clientele of a Community-based Animal Health Service Programme in Northern Malawi

The social background, farm characteristics, indicators of income and self-evaluation returns of 96 randomly selected users of a Basic Animal Health Service (BAHS) programme in northern Malawi were compared with those of 96 matched past-users and 96 non-users, respectively. All 288 farms were visited between July and October 1997. Data analysis was performed using univariate and multivariate techniques. The results showed that, on average, BAHS users had larger cattle herds (16.3) than part-users (14.7) or non-users (12.4). Similarly, the annual yields of crops were higher for users compared to either of the other groups. Users occupied better houses and owned a larger number of farm and household items than did part-users or non-users. A third of all farmers were engaged in additional income generation to lessen the risk of poverty. However, analysis of the livestock management and the educational background of the farmers suggested that usage of the BAHS programme was not only determined by already existing `wealth'. Improved livestock husbandry and management measures, which do not require capital investment, were more frequently applied by users compared to either of the other groups. Non-users and part-users had attained a lower level of education, were less open towards improved farming methods and felt less knowledgeable than BAHS users. The average straight-line distances from farms using BAHS to their respective village animal health worker (2.2 km) or veterinary assistant (2.9 km) were similar but varied according to ecological zone. Intensified extension and awareness meetings in villages will be required to get more non-users involved in BAHS.     

云贵高原草地畜牧业可持续发展中的矛盾及其对策

阐述了南方草山草坡在开发利用中持续发展的限制因素,如人口、资源、生态环境、粮食、能源、科学技术水平、经济基础和社会状况等与可持续发展的矛盾,提出了解决矛盾的基本对策.     

我国畜牧业发展战略刍议

我国正处在人增地减、经济持续增长、改革开放超长发展的形势下，畜牧业正面临着需求持续增长、限制因素增加、生产经营系统不断变革的压力之下。畜牧业的持续稳定发展，必须解决：正确认识畜牧业在国民经济中的地位和作用；畜牧业产业化道路；科学技术是畜牧业发展的动力；保持生态平衡使畜牧业可持续发展等战略问题。     

黄芪的生物学活性及其在畜禽生产中的应用研究进展

黄芪含有多糖类、皂苷类、黄酮类等多种生物活性物质,具有增强免疫力、抗氧化、抗菌、抗病毒、抗肿瘤、抗衰老、调节血压及防治糖尿病等作用,应用于畜禽生产中能够提升机体免疫功能和抗氧化功能,提高生长性能和产品质量。对黄芪的生物学活性及在畜禽生产中的应用进行综述,以期为动物用黄芪产品的研究、开发与应用提供参考。     

德国畜禽产业发展及屠宰管理概述

德国畜牧业发达,在保障本国,甚至欧盟的畜禽产品供应上发挥了重要作用。本文介绍了德国畜禽产业发展的基本情况,总结了德国在畜禽屠宰管理方面的基本原则和成功做法,以期对我国畜禽产业发展和屠宰管理提供参考和借鉴。     

美国畜禽屠宰检疫制度介绍

国务院调整畜禽屠宰管理职能后,畜禽屠宰行业由农业部负责管理,生猪屠宰检疫管理制度亟待进一步完善。本文介绍了美国畜禽屠宰检疫的法律依据、管理体制、检疫人员、检疫的内容和程序,以及检疫出证等内容,希望可以为我国屠宰检疫制度建设提供参考。     

养殖环境细菌微生物气溶胶粒径分布及其健康危害评估

为深入了解畜禽舍环境中气载细菌微生物的空气动力学粒径分布规律,并评估其潜在的健康危害风险,采用Andersen-6级微生物空气采样器以血-琼脂培养基、沙氏培养基和高氏合成1号培养基为采样介质,对鸡舍、猪舍、牛舍环境中空气样品进行系统定点取样、测定及分析。研究结果表明,鸡舍环境中气载需氧菌含量最高,猪舍次之,牛舍最低;空气细菌粒径分布均为第Ⅰ级最高,鸡舍空气粒径呈偏态分布,牛舍、猪舍分别在第Ⅲ级和第Ⅳ级出现第2个峰值。携带细菌可吸入微粒在猪舍环境中比例最大。空气真菌与放线菌均在第Ⅳ级最高,携带真菌和放线菌可吸入粒子的比例显著大于细菌（P<0.05）。鸡舍、猪舍、牛舍空气微生物粒径各级分布比例基本一致。在鸡舍、猪舍、牛舍每天约有6.1×105CFU、4.7×104CFU和3.6×104CFU气载细菌微生物可分别进入人和动物小支气管或直接进入肺泡,从而对人和动物健康构成潜在危害。     

甜菜碱的生理学功能及其在畜牧生产中应用的研究进展简

甜菜碱及其盐酸盐作为一种高活性的甲基供体,在甲基代谢中起着重要的营养调控作用,同时具有调节体内渗透压、促进脂肪与氨基酸代谢、增强蛋白质合成和改善肉品质等重要作用,故甜菜碱作为一种新型、安全的营养性添加剂在饲料工业和动物生产中得到了越来越广泛的应用。作者综合近年来国内外有关甜菜碱的文献报道,就其生理学功能及其在畜牧生产中的应用进行综述。