饲用墨西哥玉米生长特性及其营养成分含量的研究

随着养殖业畜群结构的调整,农区草食动物饲养量的增加,种植优质、高效牧草是当前人们所迫切需要的.试验就饲用墨西哥玉米Euchlaena mexicana的生长特性及其营养成分含量进行研究,结果表明:饲用墨西哥玉米适宜在冀东农区种植,该作物具有较强的分蘖性能,适于多次刈割,每茬次刈割鲜草质量400～700 g/株,随着刈割茬次的增加,草产量大幅度增加,可采食的优质草量增多,纤维化程度大大下降,可消化养分量增加,种草的效益随刈割茬次显著的上升.墨西哥玉米干物质、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维、粗灰分、钙、磷和胡萝卜素的含量都优于其他禾本科牧草.刈割茬次间各种营养成分差异不大,非常适合青饲,经饲喂的各种草食动物,适口性好,采食率高.     

临夏州畜禽养殖粪污资源化利用及对策建议

近几年,随着临夏州畜牧养殖业的快速发展,与之相伴的畜禽养殖粪污污染问题也成为临夏州现代畜牧养殖业绿色发展的制约因素,不仅导致环境的污染,也造成了资源的浪费,文章结合当地实际,为实现畜牧业绿色发展,就畜禽养殖粪污资源化利用提出建议及对策,供参考。     

大麦的营养价值及其在畜禽饲料中的应用

大麦（Hordeum vulgare）属于禾本科植物,是我国用途最为广泛的谷物之一,广泛应用于酿造、食品、医药学等领域。大麦苗、大麦叶、大麦秸秆、大麦芽等均可作为畜禽饲料来源,具有较高的营养价值和饲用价值。将大麦开发为畜禽饲料产品,既可以缓解畜禽饲料来源不足的问题,又能够提高畜禽养殖业经济效益。介绍了大麦的营养价值,综述了其在畜禽饲料中的应用研究进展,以期为大麦在畜禽饲料领域的开发利用提供参考。     

Beneficial impacts of bee pollen in animal production,reproduction and health

Bee pollen (BP) is one of the most useful therapeutic products favoured by natural medicine scientists because of its possible nutritional and medical applications. It exhibits many impacts such as antimicrobial, immunostimulating, antioxidants and hepatoprotective. Furthermore, BP has some useful therapeutic features in numerous pathological situations such as its impact to normalize wound healing. Based on previous literatures, the level of BP supplement in livestock and poultry ranged from 0.1 to 20 g/kg diet. This variation depends on the species, physiological status, age and purpose of addition; so far generally, it accepted to use the level with no side effects. It has been observed that BP enhanced growth performance, immunity responses and blood variables and had hypoglycaemic activity by reducing the lipid in the blood and carcass. Also, BP contains more nutrients, which stimulate faster differentiation and proliferation of the cells of immune system of birds. Therefore, the present review recommends that BP supplementation (up to 20 g/kg diet) had possible beneficial impacts, antioxidants and protective activities on most of the production, productive and health patterns of livestock.     

Wildlife or livestock? New directions for developing communal rangelands in South Africa

The paper agrees with three fundamental points raised by Vetter (in this issue), whilst highlighting an emerging trend in wildlife land use, which should be considered in policy making. Firstly, the paper supports the argument that communal rangelands are important as objects of biodiversity conservation and, secondly, the argument that livestock production alone is not sufficient as a mechanism for alleviating poverty, but rather livelihoods diversification and multisectoral strategies are required for this purpose. Lastly, the paper supports the need for mechanisms to ensure tenure security for sustainable use of communal rangelands. I argue that the historical shift to wildlife land use previously observed on private farms in South Africa is now inevitable on communal rangelands and will require explicit consideration in the policy on communal rangelands. Although such development in the communal rangelands has potential to meet the important goals of livelihoods diversification as indicated by Vetter, it also has potential to threaten existing rural livelihoods. The paper suggests several issues to be considered as wildlife becomes part of the rural landscape in some areas, in addition to issues raised by Vetter relevant to policy making.     

畜禽养殖废水处理方法研究与应用

文章阐述了畜禽养殖废水对养殖区域环境可产生的污染及危害,着重介绍了畜禽养殖废水的各种处理方法,包括生态还田、固液分离、固相吸附、化学氧化、自然处理系统、生物反应器以及多种方法组合的复合处理系统。     

饲粮n-6/n-3多不饱和脂肪酸比例对畜禽健康和产品品质的影响

现今人类膳食中n-6多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)大多都是过量的,但n-3 PUFA却严重不足.研究表明,n-6/n-3 PUFA比例平衡对畜禽健康和产品品质有着重要意义,n-6/n-3 PUFA比例平衡成为当下最受关注的问题.本文综述了n-6/n-3 PUFA比例平衡的营养生理作用以及对畜禽产品品质的影响及如何改善畜禽产品中的n-6/n-3 PUFA比例.     

Simultaneous resistance to two or more broad-spectrum anthelmintics by gastrointestinal nematode parasites of sheep and goats

The detection, by means of faecal egg count reduction tests and larval cultures, of two cases of multiple anthelmintic resistance in goats and two in sheep, is reported. The former cases appeared to involve resistance to all three broad-spectrum drench groups (benzimidazole, levamisole, ivermectin) by mainly Ostertugia spp., the latter resistance to two of them (benzimidazole, levamisole) bv Trichostrondus spp. (New Zealand Veterinary Journal 38, 114–117, 1990)     

中国农田畜禽粪尿磷负荷量及环境风险分析

准确掌握不同地区畜禽粪尿和磷负荷量及其环境风险,为畜禽养殖总量控制、合理布局和还田利用提供决策依据。基于统计数据和文献资料,利用磷的猪粪当量(P)估算了我国畜禽粪尿量和各类畜禽粪尿比例的时空变化,分析和评价了当前各省份畜禽粪尿和磷资源量及其土地负荷量和污染风险,并根据畜禽粪尿还田率估算了当前各省份畜禽粪尿及其磷还田量,并进行环境风险评价。结果表明:中国畜禽粪尿猪粪当量(P)及其磷量1978年至2005年快速增加,2006年至2016年保持稳定。截止2016年,猪粪当量(P)约21.23亿t,磷量约545万t,比1978年均增长123%,华北地区畜禽粪尿猪粪当量(P)及其磷量最大,约占全国总量的23%和9%。区域水平上,按耕地面积计算,东南和西南地区负荷量较大,为Ⅴ级,有严重污染风险,按农作物种植面积计算,东南和西南地区较大,为Ⅳ级,有较严重污染风险,按农用地计算,东南、长江中下游和华北地区负荷量较大,为Ⅳ级,有较严重污染风险。省级单元上,湖南负荷量最大,其次是北京、广东和河南,这些省份为Ⅴ级,有严重污染风险。全国畜禽粪尿猪粪当量(P)及其磷还田量分别为11.51亿t和295万t,折合成单位农用地面积分别为3.1 t·hm(~-2)和8.0 kg·hm(~-2)。区域上东南地区还田最多,分别为10.3 t·hm(~-2)和26.3 kg·hm(~-2),为Ⅲ级,有污染风险,其次是华北和长江中下游地区,为Ⅱ级,稍有污染风险,而东北、西南和西北地区相对较低,为Ⅰ级,无污染风险。省级单元上湖南和北京还田较多,为Ⅳ级,有较严重污染风险,华北、长江中下游、东南地区的多数省份和部分西南地区省份农用地畜禽粪尿磷还田量接近或大于50%单位土地面积畜禽粪尿磷的年施用限量,具有较高的污染风险。研究表明,不同区域和省份畜禽粪尿磷负荷量和还田量污染风险具有较大差异,但多数省份尤其华北、长江中下游、东南地区的畜禽粪尿磷污染风险较大。     

基于畜禽粪便的有机肥中雌激素污染特征

为了解基于畜禽粪便的有机肥中残留雌激素的污染特征,防控有机肥生产中的污染风险。采集了市面上基于鸡粪、猪粪、牛粪制备的17种有机肥,测定了其有机质、氮、磷和钾含量;采用SPE-HPLC/FLD法检测了样品中雌三醇（E3）、17β-雌二醇（17β-E2）、双酚A（BPA）、炔雌醇（EE2）四种雌激素的含量,并将结果与新鲜鸡粪、猪粪、牛粪中四种雌激素含量进行对比。结果表明,鸡粪、猪粪和牛粪有机肥中均存在有机质含量偏低的样品;鸡粪有机肥中E3、17β-E2、BPA均值（干质量计）分别为270.22、2.71、87.93 μg·kg^-1;猪粪有机肥中E3、17β-E2、BPA、EE2均值为609.71、41.84、32.69、46.74 μg·kg^-1;牛粪有机肥中E3均值为50.96μg·kg^-1。畜禽粪便有机肥存在雌激素污染风险,且E3风险最大。所检测的三种畜禽粪便制备的有机肥中,牛粪有机肥雌激素含量、检出率均最低。有机肥中E3、17β-E2、BPA、EE2检出率分别为47.06%、11.76%、17.65%、5.88%,四种雌激素在新鲜粪便中检出率则为67.74%、70.97%、70.97%、58.06%,有机肥中雌激素检出率低于新鲜畜禽粪便。综上可见,基于畜禽粪便的有机肥中仍会有雌激素残留,应引起重视。