六盘山叠叠沟华北落叶松人工林叶面积指数的时空变化特征

在具有半干旱气候的宁夏固原六盘山区叠叠沟小流域,于2009年整个生长季内(5-10月)监测了典型阴坡坡面上的华北落叶松人工林不同坡位的7个样地的林冠层、林下灌木层和草本层的叶面积指数(LAI)的数量变化和季节动态.结果表明:(1)华北落叶松不同样地的林冠层LAI随坡位升高的变化趋势基本上是逐渐减小,从坡下部的1.52～...     

草类物料开式压缩过程的分析研究

国内外对草物料的压缩试验研究已有近70年的历史。在国外,主要集中对“闭式压缩”的试验研究。在我国,笔者首先提出并坚持进行开式压缩试验研究,尤其经过新鲜草物料压缩流变的大量试验之后,对开式压缩过程积累了较丰富的基础资料。在笔者和其主持的有关研究中,已涉及很多开式压缩试验研究的内容。为此,将对两类压缩的基本差异以及开式压缩的基本过程、基本定义、基本概念、术语、参量等进行全面的、统一的论述。     

Rose-scented geranium (Pelargonium capitatum × P. radens) growth and essential oil yield response to different soil water depletion regimes

Effective irrigation management in arid and semi-arid regions, like South Africa, could increase crop yield and thereby improve productivity of scarce fresh water resources. Experiments were conducted at the Hatfield Experimental Farm of the University of Pretoria, South Africa, from 2004 to 2006, to investigate the effect of soil water depletion regimes on rose-scented geranium (Pelargonium capitatum × P. radens cv. Rose) essential oil yield, essential oil composition and water-use efficiency in an open field and a rain shelter. Four maximum allowable soil water depletion levels (MAD), 20, 40, 60 and 80% of the plant available soil water (ASW) in the top 0.8 m root zone, were applied as treatments. Plant roots extracted most soil water from the top 0.4 m soil layer. Increasing the soil water depletion level to 60% and higher resulted in a significant reduction in herbage mass and essential oil yield. Water stress apparently increased the essential oil concentration (percentage oil on fresh herbage mass basis), but its contribution to total essential oil yield (kg/ha oil) was limited. Irrigation treatments did not affect essential oil composition. An increase in maximum allowable depletion level generally resulted in a decrease in leaf area and an increase in leaf to stem fresh mass ratio. Up to 28% of irrigation water could be saved by increasing maximum allowable depletion level of ASW from 20 to 40%, without a significant reduction in essential oil yield.     

三峡库区紫色土坡耕地草本植物根系固结地埂的土力学机制

为揭示三峡库区紫色土坡耕地草本植物根系对地埂土壤固结作用的土力学机制,选取库区3种草本地埂植物为研究对象,对3种地埂植物根系的分布特征及抗拉性能进行研究,并分析3种地埂土壤的抗冲性和抗剪强度。研究结果表明,紫花苜蓿、蓑草、桂牧一号的根系总生物量分别为(79.37±1.26),(97.99±1.66),(71.76±1.96)g/m~2,紫花苜蓿根系在0—10cm土层分布最多,蓑草主要根系分布深度集中在10—20cm,桂牧一号根系分布在0—30cm土层深度范围内呈现出递增的趋势,在30—40cm土层深度根系含量不到10%。3种草本地埂植物根系的平均抗拉力为桂牧一号(7.93N)蓑草(6.03N)紫花苜蓿(5.40N),3种地埂植物根系单根抗拉力与根径呈幂函数关系,蓑草地埂植物根系的单根抗拉力与根径的相关性最高。3种地埂植物根系的抗拉强度表现为蓑草根系(45.91MPa)紫花苜蓿根系(19.68 MPa)桂牧一号根系(15.28 MPa)。3种不同草本地埂植物根系间的抗拉力和抗拉强度差异达到显著水平(P0.05)。3种植物地埂土壤的抗冲性变化为蓑草地埂(85.28L/(min·g))紫花苜蓿(69.47L/(min·g))桂牧一号(60.86L/(min·g)),蓑草地埂土壤的抗冲性与紫花苜蓿和桂牧一号间存在显著差异(P0.05)。3种草本植物地埂土壤的抗剪强度顺序为蓑草地埂(115.49kPa)紫花苜蓿(91.73kPa)桂牧一号(75.14kPa)。结果表明,蓑草地埂在三峡库区具有较好的固埂防蚀效果,在三峡库区坡耕地固结地埂土壤中发挥重要作用。三峡库区草本植物固结地埂可为三峡库区坡耕地整治提供新思路。     

澳大利亚牧草引种栽培初报

为筛选、推广适合小农户种植的优良牧草种类，充分发挥人工草地的经济效益，在江西省红壤丘陵地区栽培圆叶决明、罗顿豆、东非狼尾草、毛花雀稗、宽叶雀稗，Solander狗尾草，Atratum雀稗等7种自澳大利亚引进的夏繁牧草，初步观测了它们的生物学特性、营养成分、产量性状及果园种植水土保持效果等．综合比较，Atratum雀稗、圆叶决明、罗顿豆表现较突出。     

枣园间种牧草对树上天敌功能团的影响及其作用评价

对枣园间种牧草对树上天敌功能团的影响及其作用评价进行系统研究.结果表明:两类枣园树上天敌功能团的多样性与优势度系数有明显(P＜0.05)差异,枣园种草对树上天敌功能团的演替产生一定的作用,枣树不同发育阶段中,天敌功能团的群落参数随物候而改变;枣园种草对于受化学农药干扰的天敌功能团种群的恢复与重建有促进作用;根据Sn/Sp、Ei/Pi和ds/dm3种指数的大小,评价了枣园天敌功能团对害虫的控制作用,发现种草园的天敌功能团对枣树害虫的控制能力要比未种草枣园强;相关性测定表明:天敌群落学的研究中可以用功能团替代物种.     

Vegetative responses of silage cats fertilized in the growth chamber with various levels of N and K

Oats (Avena sativa L.) are often harvested for silage in the Great Lakes states. The objective of this research was to obtain additional information on the response of oats to N and K fertilization. ‘Froker’ spring oats were grown from seed under 27 C day/21 C night temperatures in a growth chamber. The soil was a 4:1 mixture of Dodge silt loam soil (Typic Argiudoll) and sand that contained low levels of N and K. The potted plants were fertilized with 0, 50, 100, and 200 kg/ha of N as NH₄NO₃ in all combinations with 0, 200, and 400 kg/ha of K as KC1. Plants were harvested at early inflorescence emergence (43 days after seeding). Fertilization with N significantly increased the dry matter yields (g/pot) of the herbage and total plant, the number of axillary tillers/pot, and herbage N percentage. Root yields were increased only with the first increment of N. Nitrogen fertilization had no significant effect on height of the primary shoots and herbage K percentage. The first increment of K (200 kg K/ha) significantly increased herbage and total plant dry matter yields, while the second increment (400 kg K/ha) gave no further yield increases. However, number of axillary tillers/pot and herbage K percentage were increased significantly with each higher K rate. Potassium fertilization had no significant effect on root yield, primary shoot height, and herbage N percentage. It was concluded that the vegetative growth of oats is very responsive to N fertilization to the highest rate applied (200 kg N/ha), but responds only to the first increment of K (200 kg K/ha).     

柏木低效林改造对土壤微生物、酶活性及养分的影响1）

为了解不同改造模式对柏木低效林的改造效果,以德阳市旌阳区柏木（ Cupressus funebris）低效林（简称纯柏）为对照,对4种改造模式（核桃＋无植草、核桃＋菊苣、核桃＋苜蓿、核桃＋鸭茅）的土壤微生物、酶活性及土壤养分进行了测定和分析。结果表明：与纯柏相比,4种改造模式均能不同程度提高土壤微生物数量、酶活性及养分（ P、K）含量,各个改造模式中的土壤微生物总数、蔗糖酶、碱性磷酸酶及有效磷与纯柏差异显著;土壤微生物数量、酶活性及养分各指标含量间相关关系不同,其中,土壤微生物之间相关性不显著,土壤蔗糖酶与过氧化氢酶、脲酶呈显著正相关,其余酶活性之间相关性不显著,土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮及pH之间、土壤全钾与速效钾、全磷及有效磷之间均呈显著正相关。土壤肥力分析表明,3种林草复合模式均能有效提高土壤肥力,核桃＋菊苣模式改造效果最佳。     

3种禾本科牧草抗旱性的初步鉴定

以当前贵州主栽品种努依黑麦草为对照，利用生物学鉴定方法对贵州省草业研究所选育的黔草1号、2号苇状羊茅的抗旱性加以初步鉴定。结果表明：在干旱逆境条件下，随着土壤的干涸，引起3种牧草失水，导致蛋白质合成减弱和分解增强，致使其含量下降，且叶绿素的形成受到抑制，含量迅速减少，甚至耗尽。3种牧草的抗旱性强弱顺序为：黔草1号〉黔草2号〉努依黑麦草。     

A comparison of two dose levels of antibiotics for intramammary treatment of clinical mastitis in cows

A clinical trial was conducted in Nordre Valdres, Norway, to examine the effect of a low-level vs. a high-level intramammary antibiotic treatment of clinical mastitis. It was also of interest to identify significant risk factors and to estimate the probability of no recovery for given defined levels of risk factors. Quarter milk samples from 166 cows with clinical mastitis were examined before and after treatment, at 3 weeks interval. The two treatment levels did not differ significantly with respect to recovery rate. The probability of no recovery could be estimated by using information on the severity of general clinical signs, lactation number, bacteriological findings, and quarter location.