Volatile Flavor Components and the Body Weights of Rats in the Green Tea Added Miner Ingredients

In order to change for the good flavor in green tea of middle or low grade,roast naked barley （miner ingredient） was added to it.To make tea having functional property,mixed roast naked barley-green tea with one medicinal herb （MH,miner ingredient）.This study was performed to investigate the effect of drinking extracts of naked barley-MH-green tea （A group） and adlay-Angelica gigas Nakai-green tea （B group） on the body weights of rats,and volatile flavor components of best effective extract on weight reduction.Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats divided into six groups were fed five different green tea extracts for 8 weeks.The result obtained in the experiment indicated that the change of body weights of rats was affected by A group,B group and others.A group showed highest reduction rate of body weights （36.40％）.Reduction rate of body weights on the B group （10.10％） was much lower than A group （36.40％）.Aroma compounds were extracted by the SDE method.The concentrated aroma extracts were analyzed and identified by GC and GC-MS.The main aroma components of the green tea blended with naked barley and MH were 12 pyrazines having roasty note,methyl butanals having sweet note,hexanal having briskness greenish note,and nerolidol and3-ionone having floral note.     

重组猪抑制素蛋白质中毒素残留检测及其理化稳定性

为探索纯化的重组猪抑制素蛋白质毒素残留情况以及重组猪抑制素蛋白质稳定性,本研究利用鲎试剂、气相色谱和SDS-PAGE方法对重组猪抑制素蛋白质中的细菌内毒素、β-巯基乙醇的残留量及其蛋白质在不同温度、极端p H值和反复冻融条件下的稳定性进行检测。结果显示,经过3次等电点沉淀洗涤后,重组猪抑制素蛋白质中细菌内毒素和β-巯基乙醇的残留量大幅减少。通过在不同温度下的处理发现,重组猪抑制素蛋白质在4℃环境下较稳定,可以长期保存;但在37℃时,稳定性快速下降,随着温度上升而降解加速。通过极端p H值和反复冻融试验发现,重组猪抑制素蛋白质对极端p H值和反复冻融具有较好的耐受性。     

基于纳米材料的免疫层析试纸在兽药残留检测中的应用

兽药残留是食品安全的重要影响因素,开发兽药残留检测方法是保证食品安全的重要手段。免疫层析试纸是一种操作简单、生产成本低且具有良好灵敏度的检测方法,适用于现场检测、大规模食品筛选,在兽药残留检测中具有巨大的应用价值。纳米材料可提供特殊的检测信号,是影响免疫层析试纸检测灵敏度和定量分析的关键因素。文章主要对胶体金、磁性纳米材料、量子点以及时间分辨荧光微球这几种纳米标记材料进行介绍,指出各自的优缺点及应用情况,并对该技术在兽药残留检测中的应用趋势进行展望。     

发酵木薯渣粉在文昌鸡日粮中的应用

本试验对发酵木薯渣粉替代文昌鸡日粮中的部分饲料原料进行研究,旨在减少文昌鸡日粮中玉米等原料的使用,达到节省粮食、降低饲养成本的目的。试验中,利用不同复合菌剂发酵得到的发酵木薯渣粉,以不同比例添加到文昌鸡日粮中,来替代等比例的饲料原料,然后与饲喂配合饲料组群的增重效果进行比较。试验结果表明：各试验组增重效果与对照组相比,差异均不显著（P>0.05）,但综合考虑增重效果和经济效益初步得出：①日粮中用发酵木薯渣粉替代相同比例的不同饲料原料对文昌鸡雏鸡增重无显著影响,但可降低饲养成本;②经比较发现,用40%米曲霉、20%枯草芽孢杆菌和40%酿酒酵母组成的复合菌剂发酵得到的木薯渣粉,添加比例为15%,来替代9%的玉米粉、3%的花生粉和3%的麸皮是可行的,能够得到相对较好的增重效果。     

高大平房仓储粮磷化氢熏蒸散气后残留量变化研究

对储藏稻谷和小麦用磷化氢熏蒸后采取了不同的通风方式散气,并定期分区、分点进行跟踪检测磷化氢残留量,研究其变化规律。试验表明:随着通风散气时间的延长,磷化氢残留量均有明显降低趋势。小麦仓散气8d后,整仓储粮磷化氢平均残留量降至0.031mg/kg,各扦样点磷化氢残留量也均降至安全标准以内。稻谷仓通风散气5d后,各区、各点磷化氢残留量均已降至0.02mg/kg以内,且磷化氢残留量明显低于小麦仓,有利于指导今后出库粮食食用安全。     

基于文献计量学的国内外茶叶农药残留研究综述

通过文献计量学方法,分别以中国知网的中国学术期刊网络出版总库和Web of Science核心数据库为检索对象,从发文量、发文期刊、关键词、核心文章等方面对1997—2017年茶叶农药残留的相关文献进行统计分析。结果表明：（1）国内茶叶农药残留的发文量随时间逐渐增加,中国农业科学院茶叶研究所、厦门大学是主要发文机构,陈宗懋、汪庆华、刘新的发文量最多,《中国茶叶》、《中国卫生检验标志》是主要的发文期刊,未来研究倾向于检测方法的优化和改进。（2）国外茶叶农药残留的发文量随时间逐渐增加,中国、印度是研究的主要贡献国家,Liu Xin、Chen H P、Fang C L的发文量最多,《Food Chemistry》、《Journal of Aoac International》、《Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry》是主要的发文期刊,未来研究倾向于检测方法的优化改进及茶叶冲泡过程农药的转移。     

In-field management of corn cob and residue mix: Effect on soil greenhouse gas emissions

In-field management practices of corn cob and residue mix (CRM) as a feedstock source for ethanol production can have potential effects on soil greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of CRM piles, storage in-field, and subsequent removal on soil CO₂ and N₂O emissions. The study was conducted in 2010–2012 at the Iowa State University, Agronomy Research Farm located near Ames, Iowa (42.0°′N; 93.8°′W). The soil type at the site is Canisteo silty clay loam (fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, calcareous, mesic Typic Endoaquolls). The treatments for CRM consisted of control (no CRM applied and no residue removed after harvest), early spring complete removal (CR) of CRM after application of 7.5 cm depth of CRM in the fall, 2.5 cm, and 7.5 cm depth of CRM over two tillage systems of no-till (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) and three N rates (0, 180, and 270 kg N ha⁻¹) of 32% liquid UAN (NH₄NO₃) in a randomized complete block design with split–split arrangements. The findings of the study suggest that soil CO₂ and N₂O emissions were affected by tillage, CRM treatments, and N rates. Most N₂O and CO₂ emissions peaks occurred as soil moisture or temperature increased with increase precipitation or air temperature. However, soil CO₂ emissions were increased as the CRM amount increased. On the other hand, soil N₂O emissions increased with high level of CRM as N rate increased. Also, it was observed that NT with 7.5 cm CRM produced higher CO₂ emissions in drought condition as compared to CT. Additionally, no differences in N₂O emissions were observed due to tillage system. In general, dry soil conditions caused a reduction in both CO₂ and N₂O emissions across all tillage, CRM treatments, and N rates.     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定生姜中涕灭威及其代谢物

建立了生姜中涕灭威、涕灭威砜和涕灭威亚砜残留量检测的固相萃取—高效液相色谱分析方法。样本采用乙腈提取,经C18固相萃取柱净化,浓缩定容后用HPLC-FLD检测分析,外标法定量。结果表明:该方法在0.02~8.0 mg/L标准曲线线性良好,相关系数均达到0.999以上,样本添加水平为2.0×10-2、4.0×10-2mg/kg时,回收率为80.25%~102.85%,相对标准偏差为3.64%~8.67%,方法检出限均低于2.5×10-3mg/kg。该方法具有准确度高及净化效果好等特点,能很好地满足实际样本残留分析要求。     

复方磺胺甲噁唑在松浦镜鲤体内的药动学及残留消除规律

采用高效液相色谱法,研究了以50 mg/kg (体质量)的剂量在口灌给药条件下,复方磺胺甲噁唑(甲氧苄啶.磺胺甲噁唑=1.5)在松浦镜鲤Cyprinus carpio Songpu体内的药动学与残留消除规律。结果表明：单次给药后,甲氧苄啶在血浆和肌肉中的药时关系符合一级吸收一室开放模型,在肝胰脏和肾中的药时关系符合一级吸收二室开放模型,磺胺甲噁唑在血浆、肌肉、肝胰脏和肾中的药时关系符合一级吸收二室开放模型;每天一次连续5 d给药后,甲氧苄啶于第15天开始低于0·05 mg/kg,磺胺甲噁唑于第9天开始低于0·10 mg/kg。研究表明,在本试验条件下,建议休药期不低于15 d。     

JMPR 农药残留急性膳食摄入量计算方法

农药残留急性膳食风险评估直到最近才引起大家的关注。目前，粮农组织和世界卫生组织农药残留联席会议（JMPR）研究国际范围农药急性膳食风险评估；美国、英国、荷兰、澳大利亚和新西兰也开始进行国家农药急性膳食风险评估。农药急性膳食风险是急性或短期接触毒性与农药急性膳食摄入量的函数。急性膳食接触量评估常用的方法有：定点或确定性方法和概率模型法。在确定性方法中选取食物的大部分人群消耗量和高残留量来计算膳食摄入量，为了解决混合样品中食品个体之间的残留差异，在计算中引入了变异因子。JMPR根据具体情况分为情形1、情形2a、情形2b、情形3来计算农药急性膳食摄入量。中国应该尽快建立健全膳食结构和农产品性状数据库，建立健全市场中农产品的农药残留数据库，并在高毒和中等毒性农药登记前应采用JMPR的确定性方法，进行急性膳食风险评估，提高农药膳食摄入的安全性。