不同处理条件对明胶体系凝胶特性的影响

分析了明胶体系的凝冻强度、黏度和透射比在明胶浓度、蔗糖、NaCl及pH值4个不同处理条件下的变化规律。在试验范围内,随明胶浓度的增加,明胶凝冻强度呈线性增大趋势(R2=0.993),黏度呈二项式增大趋势(R2=0.975),透射比呈线性减小趋势(R2450=0.972,R2620=0.971)。随蔗糖浓度的增加,明胶凝冻强度呈先增大后减小的三项式趋势(R2=0.940),黏度呈二项式增大趋势(R2=0.970),透射比则整体上呈增大趋势。随NaCl浓度的增加,明胶凝冻强度线性减小(R2=0.984);黏度先减小后增大,当NaCl浓度为2.00 mol/L时,黏度最小;透射比呈先增大后减小的变化规律。pH值为4~7时,明胶体系的凝冻强度相对较高;而pH为7时,黏度最大;随p H值的增加,透射比呈先减小后微弱增大的二项式趋势。     

一种微生态制剂中抑菌物质的分离与鉴定

植物乳杆菌发酵产生的抑菌物质经乙醇浸提、SephadexG-15层析、氨基酸组成分析、反相液相色谱分离及鉴定，发现该植物乳杆菌产生的抑菌物质为一类分子量较小（小于1000Da)，且比较接近，极性不同的多肽。     

25种脊椎动物不同组织乳酸脱氢酶同工酶谱比较

用pH 8.9不连续系统聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳方法,结合尿素抑制和热稳定性实验,对25种脊椎动物不同组织中LDH同工酶的分布和性质进行了比较分析。实验结果,草鱼、鲫鱼、带鱼和(鱼免)鱼不同组织中除了有A、B亚基组合而成的LDH同工酶分布外,在草鱼肝、肾脏中检出向阳极慢速迁移的F_4同工酶带。同时在带鱼眼球中检出向阳极快速迁移的E_4同工酶带。海洋底栖的木叶鲽几种组织以A_4同工酶形式存在。从两栖到哺乳动物,除了具有特殊电泳行为的无斑雨蛙、乌龟、鳖、鸡和乌鸦外,其它动物不同组织中存在着由A、B亚基以四聚体组合而成五种LDH同工酶分布的酶带;在哺乳动物睾丸组织中检出C_4同工酶,褐家鼠和雪兔的C_4同工酶分布在LDH_4和LDH_5之间,而刺猬的C_4酶带分布在LDH_5之后,是慢速向阳极迁移的酶带。比较分析了脊椎动物中不同纲的种类LDH同工酶分布特征。认为LDH同工酶谱的变化与脊椎动物系统发生之间不存在平行关系。     

漂洗水温对淡水鱼鱼糜蛋白质热变性的影响

以青鱼、草鱼、鲢、鳙、卿5种淡水鱼为研究对象，研究淡水鱼糜加工中漂洗水温对蛋白质热稳定性的影响。实验结果表明：⑴5种鱼肉经漂洗后的肌原纤维Ca^2 -ATPase活性及凝胶强度均随漂洗水温上升而降低，并且在水温达15℃时有一加速下降的转折点；⑵鲫蛋白质受漂洗水温影响最小，其余依次为草鱼、青鱼、鲢、鳙。     

翘嘴红鲌和海南红鲌同工酶的比较研究

运用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直平板电泳技术，对翘嘴红鲌Erythroculter ilishaeformis(Bleeker)和海南红鲌Erydtroculter reclurviceps(Richardson)的眼、肝、心、肾和背部白肌5种器官组织的乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)、酯酶(EST)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)4种同工酶进行了初步比较分析。结果表明，5种器官组织的LDH，肾脏和心脏的MDH及眼和心脏的SOD等同工酶谱带相似。一些器官组织的EST、MDH和SOD同工酶有特异性地表达，条带数目及各酶带的活性存在一定差异，表现出明显的组织和物种特异性。     

Identification and verification of quantitative trait loci for eating and cooking quality of rice (Oryza sativa)

This study was conducted to identify new quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that have stable effects for eating and cooking quality (ECQ) of rice. Three recombinant inbred line populations of indica rice were each planted in two years. Three traits for ECQ, amylose content (AC), gel consistency (GC) and alkali spreading value (ASV), were measured for QTL analysis. A total of 13 QTLs were detected, including four for AC, six for ASV and three for GC. Two QTLs, qGC4 in the interval RM16252–RM335 on the short arm of chromosome 4 and qGC6.2 in the Alk region, were validated in a population derived from a residual heterozygote that was homozygous at the major locus Wx. In the absence of segregation at the Wx locus, qGC4 and qGC6.2 had additive effects of 2.46 and 8.18 mm, respectively, offering a potential for improving GC property of rice varieties. Comparison between qGC4 and previous results suggests that qGC4 is likely a new QTL for GC, providing a candidate for gene cloning and functional characterization.     

原花色素对鸡胸肉肌原纤维蛋白凝胶特性影响

为探究一种新型天然食品添加剂研发的可行性,本研究向鸡胸肉肌原纤维蛋白中添加适量的原花色素,通过流变学、红外与拉曼检测、低场核磁和质构分析等方法,分析原花色素对凝胶形成时与随时间的变化的影响。结果表明:1)当原花色素添加量为0.05~0.20 g/kg时,蛋白凝胶有更好的保水性,并可更长时间保存更多的不易流动水和自由水;2)原花色素的添加提高了凝胶β折叠的浓度,使得凝胶具有更加稳定的二级结构;3)原花色素的添加提高了凝胶的粘弹性,使得凝胶具有紧实的质感,更大的密度和更致密的孔径;4)原花色素的添加提高了凝胶整体的抗氧化水平,使得凝胶在长时间存放中具有更稳定的生物学特性。综上,原花色素的添加可以有效提高肌原纤维蛋白的生物稳定性,在储存时可更好的保护其生物活性,可对未来的食品添加剂提供新思路。     

用DGGE法初步解析茯砖茶渥堆发酵过程中真菌群落的结构

为研究茯砖茶发花过程中真菌群落的结构和种类,对茯砖茶渥堆发酵过程中不同时间段黑毛茶样品中真菌群落的18S rDNA高变区进行扩增,对真菌18S rDNA变性梯度凝胶电脉(DGGE)图谱中的条带进行回收、克隆、测序和序列比对。结果表明:茯砖茶渥堆发酵过程中的真菌类型丰富,有好干性酵母(Wallemia sebi)、假丝酵母菌(Candida sp.)、热带假丝酵母(Candida tropicalis)、路德酵母(Lodderomyces sp.)、汉逊德巴利酵母(Debaryomyces hansenii)、毕赤酵母(Pichia kudriavzevii)、酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)、隐球酵母(Cryptococcus sp.)、牧草红酵母(Rhodotorula graminis)、阿姆斯特丹散囊菌(Eurotium amstelodami)、灰绿曲霉(Aspergillus glaucus)、米赫根毛霉(Rhizomucor miehei)、微小根毛霉(Rhizomucor pusillus)、白地霉(Galactomyces geotrichum)、安大略假单胞菌(Candida ontarioensis)、真皮毛孢子菌(Trichosporon dermatis)、斜卧青霉(Penicillium decumbens)、曲霉(Aspergillus penicillioides)等真菌存在;以渥堆24 h为分界点,真菌群落结构在分界点前后变化较大;真菌群落多样性指数在渥堆0~16 h呈升高趋势,16~24 h略有降低,24 h后继续升高,在渥堆后40 h上升到最高水平2.348,而渥堆40~48 h仍然维持在较高水平;在整个渥堆过程中,优势菌路德酵母、汉逊德巴利酵母和次优势菌阿姆斯特丹散囊菌均有出现,在渥堆后期出现了次优势菌好干性酵母、汉逊德巴利酵母和酿酒酵母;比对结果表明,渥堆过程中同时存在3株好干性酵母菌和7株阿姆斯特丹散囊菌,说明在渥堆发酵过程中优势菌种存在多样性。本研究结果表明,采用DGGE指纹图谱能全面、真实地反映茯砖茶渥堆发酵过程中真菌群落的结构和多样性变化。     

Effect of Bacillus cereus as a water or feed additive on the gut microbiota and immunological parameters of Nile tilapia

We evaluated the effects of Bacillus cereus, as an additive in water and feed, on the gut microbiota and immunological parameters of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings. Experiments were performed in tanks and net cages respectively. Experiment 1: Tilapia were housed in tanks for 42 days, and B. cereus was added to the water at 1.0 × 10⁴ cfu mL^?1 (Treatment 1) and 1.0 ×10⁵ cfu mL^?1 (Treatment 2) weekly. For the control, no probiotic was added. Experiment 2: Tilapia were housed in cages for 42 days, and the feed was supplemented with B. cereus at 1.0 × 10⁷ cfu g^?1 (Treatment 1) and 1.0 × 10⁸ cfu g^?1 (Treatment 2) weekly. For the control, no probiotic was added. Each treatment contained three replicates, with 50 male tilapias per replicate. The fish from the probiotic treatments in both tank and cage experiments had significantly higher serum lysozyme and peroxidase activities than the control. In the cage experiment, alkaline phosphatase and total superoxide dismutase activities in tilapia were significantly higher in probiotic treatments compared with the control. The results of polymerase chain reaction‐denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis showed that B. cereus supplementation in the feed and water affected the autochthonous gut bacteria community of tilapia and stimulated various potentially beneficial bacteria. Therefore, B. cereus, as a water or feed additive, could enhance the immune status and affect the gut microbiota of tilapia. Bacillus cereus was more effective as a feed supplement rather than a water additive for enhancing the immune status of tilapia.     

水稻花粉总蛋白质双向凝胶电泳方法建立及应用

采用石英砂加液氮研磨方法破碎花粉,然后用两种不同的方法提取水稻花粉总蛋白质,之后采用固相pH梯度等电聚焦/SDS PAGE 双向凝胶电泳对红莲型细胞质雄性不育水稻单核期花粉总蛋白质进行了分离。通过银染显色, PDQuest 2DE软件可识别约1 000~1 500个蛋白质点。其中TCA 丙酮提取法更适合提取花粉总蛋白质进行双向凝胶电泳分离,并可获得分辨率和重复性较好的双向电泳图谱。对红莲型细胞质雄性不育水稻的不育系单核期和二核期花粉总蛋白进行了双向电泳分离,通过比较两个时期花粉蛋白质电泳图谱后发现,二核期的花粉蛋白质较单核期花粉蛋白质数目减少,并且部分蛋白质表达量下降。