Effect of site and storage conditions on quality of industrial fresh pepper

The commercial expansion of roasted pepper as a high market value product have made that the period of time in which canning industries process the fresh pepper fruits needs to be extended. Fresh sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) destined for industry grown in different sites was cold stored in order to analyse the effect of different sites and storage conditions on the quality of the product at harvest and during storage. Storage during 10 days at 8 °C was the best storage condition to improve quality of pepper destined for industry, because colour was improved, weight loss (1–1.6%) was lower than maximum permissible and decay incidence was only between 0% and 2.3%. Harvest should be delayed until pepper reaches the red state in order to increase the quality of the fruit. However, these results suggest that pepper growers should assure a high content of Ca (>0.6 g kg⁻¹) in the soil to avoid a high incidence of decay during storage when a late harvest is needed to guarantee the enhancement of colour in pepper fruit destined for industry. These storage conditions are in accordance with those found to improve the sensory quality of roasted pepper.     

高温应激致麒麟鸡(卷羽鸡)肝损伤试验动物模型的建立

本试验旨在建立急性应激致禽类肝损伤的试验动物模型.对麒麟鸡(卷羽鸡)进行持续高温应激后,检测血清中的肝损伤酶谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、胆碱脂酶(CHE)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性的改变,观察肝脏病理组织学变化.结果显示,高温应激前期,麒麟鸡血清肝损伤酶AST和ALT活性极显著升高(P <0.01),高温应激后期,AST活性显著低于正常水平(P <0.05),而ALT活性极显著低于正常水平(P <0.01);持续高温应激期间,CHE的活性一直低于正常水平,高温应激后期,CHE活性极显著低于正常水平(P <0.01);在高温应激下LDH活性呈先下降后上升再下降的变化趋势,高温应激后期,LDH活性极显著高于正常水平(P <0.01).高温应激引起麒麟鸡肝细胞出现水泡变性、肝细胞核浓缩现象.结果表明,采用急性热应激可诱导麒麟鸡肝损伤试验模型,试验模型具备肝脏水泡变性和核浓缩病理特征.     

猕猴桃低乙烯气调库的性能和贮藏效果

介绍了猕猴桃低乙烯气调库。测定了库体的性能,研究了贮藏方式对猕猴桃贮藏性状的影响。结果表明：库体密封性能达良好级,乙烯浓度脱至０．０２μＬ／Ｌ以下;低乙烯气调可延缓果实后熟软化。在两年１８００００ｋｇ果实商业贮藏中,果实贮期可达１８０天以上,果肉硬度为６．８ｋｇ／ｃｍ^２,好果率大于９８％,货架期大于１５天。低乙烯气调是猕猴桃的最佳贮藏方式     

某化肥项目余热利用分析

该工程为利用某化肥项目生产过程中产生的余热进行发电。通过对化肥项目生产流程产生的废气与余热蒸汽总量分析,提出余热利用发电的装机方案,对该规模项目余热利用的方式与规模进行探讨。     

槲树叶提取液对冷藏期间桃品质及抗氧化系统的影响

以生理成熟期‘新泰红’桃果实为试材,分别用0、2.5、5.0、7.5 g/L槲树叶提取液浸泡果实,以蒸馏水为对照,并于0℃冷藏,测定冷藏期间果实可溶性蛋白等品质指标以及酶活力与活性氧等物质,探讨槲树叶提取液对采后桃果实贮藏品质的影响。结果表明:槲树叶提取液处理能够有效延缓冷藏期间桃果实冷害指数升高以及硬度下降,使整个冷藏期间果实可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、维生素C含量维持相对较高水平,并且能够有效延缓膜脂过氧化产物(丙二醛)以及活性氧物质(超氧阴离子自由基、过氧化氢和羟基自由基)积累;同时,槲树叶提取液处理还能够显著抑制果实多酚氧化酶(PPO)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性,从而延缓冷藏期间桃果实褐变程度。综上所述,槲树叶提取液处理能够缓解冷藏期间桃果实冷害症状,以5.0 g/L槲树叶提取液处理效果最为明显。     

梅花基因组DNA提取的方法学研究

设计 4种方法 :“简易CTAB法”、“预先去杂 CTAB法”、“简易SDS法”和“预先去杂 SDS法” ,提取梅花‘南京红须’、‘南京红’和‘粉皮宫粉’叶片的基因组DNA。分光光度法、琼脂糖凝胶电泳和限制酶酶切反应鉴定表明 :“预先去杂 SDS法”尽管提取DNA得率最低 ,却是唯一能够从梅花叶片提取到高质量基因组DNA的方法 ;嫩叶的提取效果好于成熟叶。A2 6 0 A2 80 比值偏高和降解是所获低质量DNA表现的两个主要现象。RNaseA的再次消化无法降低A2 6 0 A2 80 。     

塑料气密仓储粮试验

在以色列和菲律宾分别救星地ＰＶＣ方包仓、筒仓露天储藏小麦、玉米和稻谷试验。对气密储藏、充ＣＯ２储藏及自然环境下储藏进行了比较。对储藏的不同水分谷物的品质变化、ＰＶＣ透气性、抗虫及抗鼠性能进行了研究。试验表明ＰＶＣ气密粮仓不使用化学杀,有利于环境保护,适用于粮食的中短期及应急储藏。     

小麦秸秆储存机理研究

研究了小麦采用全喂入和半喂入两种方式收获后,再对田间麦秸采用打捆机进行捡拾收集打捆,并将麦秸捆储存于遮雨通风自然环境和环境温度相同、相对湿度恒定环境的两种环境中,跟踪测试了麦秸捆的体积密度、含水率、芯部温度以及热值等参数,探索了麦秸捆储存期间内在因素相互影响的关系.研究结果表明:无论是正常年份,还是相对湿度较大的特殊年份,麦秸捆储存期间芯部温度均没有超出安全水平线,储存前后绝干热值没有明显影响,麦秸捆均可安全储存并作能源利用.     

越冬期麦田根区水热耦合模型参数原位估算与检验

越冬期根区充足的蓄水量有利于春季冬小麦的生长并有助于增产,而冬季作物根区水分运移规律通常借助土壤冻融过程水热耦合模型来描述,但该模型的预测精度受参数确定方法与边界条件等多种因素的影响。为了提高模型预测精度,提出了一种改进型的土壤冻融过程水热耦合模型参数估算方法,即运用土壤冻融特征曲线(冻土未冻水含量和土壤温度的关系)来原位估算土壤水热耦合模型参数,并检验该方法的适用性。在此基础上,评价地表蒸发量对模型预测精度的影响。大田试验在北京市昌平区小汤山精准农业示范基地开展,历经两个越冬期(2011—2012年和2012—2013年),利用管式介电传感器、温度传感器和蒸渗仪分别采集了土壤剖面未冻水含量、土壤温度和地表蒸发量数据。利用第1个越冬期(2011—2012年)的数据拟合土壤冻融特征曲线,对土壤水热参数进行最优估算,利用第2个越冬期(2012—2013年)的数据评价估算参数和地表蒸发量对模型预测精度的影响。结果表明:利用估算参数的模型预测值整体上与实测值相符。考虑到地表蒸发量对模型水热上边界的影响,第2个越冬期10 cm处未冻水含量与温度预测值和实测值的RMSE分别为0.046 m3/m3和1.883℃,20 cm深度RMSE分别为0.071 m3/m3和2.347℃。相比之下,在未考虑地表蒸发量影响下,第2个越冬期10 cm处未冻水含量与温度的模拟值和实测值的RMSE为0.059 m3/m3和2.149℃,20 cm深度RMSE为0.081 m3/m3和2.666℃。提出的改进型模型参数估算方法能够保证模型的预测精度,且考虑地表蒸发量的影响能够进一步提高模型的预测精度,随着深度的增加,蒸发量对水分与温度的影响逐渐减小。     

Fertility of Holstein cows and heifers submitted to timed artificial insemination and receiving one or two doses (12 h apart) of semen

The objective of this retrospective study was to assess the effect of receiving a single (n = 50,285) or double (n = 4392) artificial insemination (AI), 12 h apart, within a timed artificial insemination protocol on pregnancy per AI (P/AI) in nulliparous heifers (inseminated with either sex-sorted or conventional semen) and pluriparous Holstein cows in a commercial dairy herd. Also, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between temperature-humidity index (THI) and time of the first AI and fertility. Fertility of cows receiving two AI with normothermia (THI <68) was higher (p < .05) than cows receiving a single AI (42.9% vs. 36.4%). P/AI of cows receiving two AI with severe heat stress (THI >85) was higher (p < .05) than cows receiving a single AI (21.0% vs. 12.6%). Regardless of heat stress conditions, applying the first AI in the morning increased (p < .05) P/AI in cows with double AI than in cows whose first AI occurred in the afternoon (38.4 vs. 33.3%). With moderate heat stress, and sexed-sorted semen, P/AI to timed AI was higher (65.0 vs. 51.9%; p < .05) in heifers receiving double AI than those serviced once. It was concluded that double AI, 12 h apart, enhanced fertility at timed AI than herd mates with a single AI, particularly with heat stress at breeding.