Acquired Thermo‐Tolerance and Trans‐Generational Heat Stress Response at Flowering in Rice

In rice, pre‐exposure to sublethal treatment followed by harsh lethal treatment is known to improve tolerance of different abiotic stresses at the vegetative stage within and across generations. Our major aim was to test the phenomenon of thermo‐tolerance at flowering across (trans)‐generations and within generation using rice cultivars contrasting for heat stress tolerance at flowering. To test trans‐generational response, plants were exposed to higher temperature at flowering stage and seeds obtained from previous generations were exposed to heat stress during flowering, which recorded significantly lower fertility when exposed to the same degree of stress in their subsequent generations. A pre‐acclimation to moderately high acclimating temperatures imposed over three different durations during the vegetative and initial reproductive stage showed positive response in the tolerant N22, particularly under severe heat stress (40 °C). This finding indicates the possibility of acquiring ameliorative thermo‐tolerant mechanisms at anthesis, restricted to tolerant genetic backgrounds to combat subsequent harsh conditions within the same generation. However, trans‐generational memory was ineffective in mitigating spikelet sterility losses in both tolerant and susceptible backgrounds. Rice is extremely sensitive to heat stress during flowering; hence, similar exercise across other crops of interest needs to be carried out before generalizing conclusions.     

基于水资源价格的PRED综合论证研究--以陕西关中地区为例

通过分析关中地区水资源利用中存在的问题 ,指出现阶段关中地区水资源价格体系中存在的问题是价格体系不能全面反映自然条件及市场调节作用。提出了基于水资源价格的 PRED综合论证的基本思想、指标体系、论证模式、论证流程 ,并对关中地区五地市进行基于水资源价格的 PRED研究 ,给出诊断结果与利用方略。     

Vaccination of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), with recombinant and DNA vaccines produced to Flavobacterium psychrophilum heat shock proteins 60 and 70

Flavobacterium psychrophilum heat shock proteins (Hsp) 60 and 70 are highly immunogenic and were therefore investigated as potential vaccine candidates. Recombinant Hsps were purified from Escherichia coli and rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) were intraperitoneally injected with phosphate buffered saline/Freunds complete adjuvant (FCA), 8 μg of rHsp60/FCA, rHsp70/FCA or a combination of 4 μg each of rHsp60 and rHsp70/FCA. Antibody responses against recombinant Hsp60 and Hsp70 8 weeks post-immunization were observed, but only fish immunized with rHsp70 exhibited highly elevated antibody levels against F. psychrophilum whole cell lysate. Some cross reactivity occurred, which may have been due to the V5 tag common to both proteins. Protection against F. psychrophilum challenge was not observed in any treatments at 8 weeks post-immunization. To further investigate any protective effect of these proteins, hsps were polymerase chain reaction amplified and cloned into pVAX1. Rainbow trout were intramuscularly injected with 8 μg of pVAX1hsp60, pVAX1hsp70 or a combination of 4 μg each of pVAX1hsp60 and pVAX1hsp70. Antibody responses at 4 weeks post-immunization were low and protection was not observed following challenge at 6 or 10 weeks post-immunization. Although Hsps of F. psychrophilum have been shown to be immunodominant, these antigens do not appear to be good vaccine candidates when delivered alone or in combination.     

中国海洋一般中上层经济鱼类生物学研究的回顾与前瞻

中国海洋一般中上层经济鱼类种类繁多,大多为r选择型或由K选择型演变为r选择型,资源更新速度较快、可持续利用的前景较为广阔,在中国海洋捕捞业产量中的比重呈上升趋势。本文综述了中国海洋一般中上层经济鱼类的渔业发展概况,着重介绍了鳓(Ilisha elongata)、灰鲳(Pampus cinereus)、竹鱼(Trachurus japonicus)、金色小沙丁鱼(Sardinella aurita)、黄海鲱(Clupea harengus pallasi)和黄鲫(Setipinna taty)等6种主要种类资源生物学的研究进展,概述了这些种类的种群鉴别和划分、洄游分布、越冬场、产卵场及其产卵期、年龄和生长、摄食习性、生殖力和群体结构变动,以及其资源量和可捕量的评估,同时展望了其资源生物学研究的前景并提出了前瞻性建议。     

渔业公共资源管理的制度经济学探讨

渔业公共资源管理既是一个国际性难题,也是我国渔业现代化和市场经济进程中,必须面对和妥善解决的渔业公共资源问题.本文重点分析了当前我国渔业公共资源存在的冲突矛盾,揭示其内在共性特征,总结了福建省渔业公共资源管理的经验和管理模式,结合渔业公共资源管理现状,提出了进一步完善我国渔业公共资源管理的制度设计思路和体制机制设计的原则,研究了适应我国社会主义市场经济条件下的渔业公共资源管理思路.     

海洋渔业资源衰退的人文因素分析

文章通过问卷调查等方式从消费观、价值观等角度分析了人文因素与渔业资源衰竭的关系;分析了社会机制问题与渔业资源衰竭的关系。文章指出,渔业资源环境的消耗与我国人口、经济、社会机制等问题有着直接的相关性,应该从渔业资源修复的社会机制、增强人们保护资源的意识、提倡节约等方面加以完善和提高。     

多棘海盘车用作新型海洋食品原料的可行性研究

多棘海盘车（ Ａｓｔｅｒｉａｓ ａｍｕｒｅｎｓｉｓ） 在中国沿海居民中有长期食用的历史,其可食部为生殖腺（ 海星黄） ,但有麻辣感。海星黄含蛋白质达１５ ．４６ ％ ,其氨基酸组成齐全,必需氨基酸间比例合理。海星黄还富含微量元素、维生素、脂肪等营养元素,脂质中不饱和脂肪酸含量尤为丰富。海星黄麻辣味可能由硫酸酯甾体皂甙引起,大部分可通过脱麻辣味及脱毒操作除去。急性毒性试验中,小鼠灌胃８ 和１２ ｇ／ｋｇ 脱毒的海星黄,未见毒性反应;短期喂养试验（１２ ｇ／ｋｇ ,３０ ｄ） 也未见毒性反应。两项试验中,小鼠肝、心、肾、肺和脾均未见异常。建议人的最大无毒剂量１ ｇ／ｋｇ ,最大允许摄入剂量０ ．５ ｇ／ｋｇ 。海星黄经脱麻辣味及脱毒、调味等步骤,制得２ 种食品,具有较好的感观且营养丰富。海星壳所含蛋白质主要为胶原蛋白,以胃蛋白酶促溶蛋白为主,具有典型胶原蛋白氨基酸组成特点,可在食品工业用作明胶。初步结论为,多棘海盘车可用作高营养、无毒、加工利用性好的新型海洋食品原料。     

空气能热泵烤房与传统密集烤房烟叶烘烤成本及质量对比研究

[目的]寻找一种更安全、环保、节能的烤烟烘烤方法.[方法]研究分析空气能热泵烤房和传统密集烤房进行烟叶烘烤的烟叶烘烤成本及烤后烟叶质量.[结果]试验表明,在烟叶部位和含水量相似的情况下,空气能热泵烤房烘烤的烟叶可节省烘烤成本0.40元/kg以上;空气能热泵烤房烘烤的烟叶烤后烟叶外观质量优于燃煤方式烘烤的烟叶;空气能烤房不会产生废气、废渣,避免了环境污染.[结论]利用空气能热泵烤房进行烟叶烘烤可减轻劳动强度,降低烘烤成本,同时实现节能环保.     

水丰水库渔获变化和鱼类资源现状及小型经济鱼虾种间关系分析

水丰水库的渔获量1961－1980年间变化于47－300t,1981-1984年增长到740－1321t,1985-2000年为2270－4926t。渔获物组成中以亚洲公鱼为主，1980－2000年亚洲蚣鱼占总渔获的29．6％－93．0％，平均为65．6％。鲁鲫鱼占6．2％－16．4％，鲢鳙鱼占8．1％－13．3％，鳊鲂占1．8％－11．3％，虾占5．9％－16．1％，其它鱼类占2．4％－9．3％。2000年大银鱼占总渔获的2．8％。1985－2000年水库鱼类资源相对稳定。亚洲公鱼、青虾和大银鱼三种小型经济鱼虾的种间关系表现为互利共生，竞争和残敌关系，可能向种间形成平衡调节方向发展。     

河北沿海焦氏舌鳎资源现状分析

焦氏舌鳎过去利用价值较低,但随着渔业捕捞能力的增强,渔业资源衰退的问题日益突出,焦氏舌鳎的生态优势逐步显现。通过对河北省沿岸焦氏舌鳎近年资源状况进行研究,发现近两年其生态优势度有所提升,群体组成存在小型化、低龄化的特点,就此提出了渔业资源养护相关建议。