DDT引发的争论及启示

本文沿着DDT从1874年合成到将在2020年淘汰的轨迹和趋势,第一次依据历史重大事件并结合SCI文献数量将DDT的发展分为4个历史阶段,着重探讨了这种“万能杀虫剂”带来的3个争论:DDT对人类的健康影响、禁用还是使用DDT、以及如何评价DDT.本文从DDT由人类的“宠儿”变成“弃儿”的历史演变中分析得出了一些启示,并...     

功能性食肉的研究现状与发展趋势

功能性食肉的需求量随着国民经济的发展和人民生活水平的提高不断增长.西方国家对功能性食肉早已开发,并有了迅猛发展,而我国正处于开发研究阶段.本文概述了功能性食肉的开发应用现状,同时指出了功能性食肉的发展方向.     

Distribution and Sources of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Suspended Particle Mater in Rainy Season from Jialing River in Chongqing

16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured by GC-MS for 13 suspended particle matter samples collected from Jialing River in Chongqing in rainy season. The results showed that the total concentrations of 16 PAHs ranged from 447.47 ng/g to 1 344.92 ng/g, with a mean value of 927.48 ng/g. The concentration of total PAHs in suspended particle matter showed the trend of“up-down-up-down”in spatial distribution in the 13 sampling sites. The predominant PAHs in suspended particle matter were 4 ring PAHs, which accounting for 41.87% of the tatal PAHs. The ratio analysis and principle factor analysis-multiple linear regression(PCA-MLR) indicated that the major source of PAHs was the engine combustion source, in which the proportion of gasoline combustion and diesel combustion were 37.79% and 29.97%, respectively. The ecological risk of PAHs was evaluated by the effects range median values (ERM) and the effects range low values (ERL). The results illustrated that Acy, Ace, Fl and DahA had certain ecological risks, while the ERL values of other12 PAHs in all suspended particle matter samples were lower than the ERL guideline value,namely, PAHs in Jialing River in Chongqing could not cause obvious ecological risk.     

惠楼山药营养保健功能与加工利用

惠楼山药为豫东四大特产之一,明万历年间即为贡品,被封为“一品山药”,其药用及营养价值极高,属纯天然绿色保健品。通过分析惠楼山药的营养成分,综述惠楼山药的保健功能,提出惠楼山药的加工利用途径。     

石家庄市园林绿地滞尘效益评估

为了评价石家庄城市园林绿地吸附空气中悬浮颗粒物,进而减少其对人体健康危害的影响,采用大气污染物干沉降通量模型和暴露—反应关系模型定量评估了2013年石家庄市园林植物吸附PM10与PM2.5总量及产生的健康效益。结果表明:石家庄市园林绿地吸附PM10的总量为13813.4 t/a,吸附PM2.5的总量为6974.6 t/a,导致减少死亡11.58人/d,呼吸系统入院32.12人/d,折合经济价值每年约为19.5亿元,占国民生产总值的4.3‰。该结果为园林绿化植物降低大气颗粒物污染、优化人类生存环境及城市园林绿化规划提供了理论依据。     

论如何有效实施营养宣教

营养宣教对于慢性病的预防、保障大众健康、降低医疗支出具有重要意义。从多个角度论述如何有效进行营养宣教,列举一些可行措施,以期使营养宣教工作的实施有所借鉴。     

Occupational health and safety of merchant seafarers from Kiribati and Tuvalu

Intensifying international competition in the shipping industry in response to global pressures makes seafarers' jobs increasingly difficult. Challenging conditions in ship employment are problematic, particularly in a development context where home communities' dependence on seafarers' income is high and social protection is low. Qualitative fieldwork revealed that seafarers from Kiribati and Tuvalu endure exceptionally lengthy work periods at sea to remain competitive. Absence from home while working in constrained and mobile spaces with multinational crews, frequent security controls and speedy turnarounds impacting on sleep deprivation and decreased shore time have implications for physical and emotional health and can become safety matters. Hence, there is a growing need to address mechanisms to protect seafarers from the physical and emotional effects of global demands in the shipping industry.     

健康视阈下城市公园绿地休闲游憩适宜性评价——以杭州城北体育公园为例

在综合分析城市公园绿地健康促进效应和相关评价模型研究的基础上,对健康视阈下的城市公园绿地休闲游憩适宜性评价指标体系及评价模型构建进行探索。（1）在综合运用文献分析法和专家咨询法的基础上,构建城市公园绿地健康休闲游憩适宜性评价指标体系,共包括6个准则层、15个要素层和和40个指标因子。（2）采用层次分析法、熵值法确定评价指标体系中各指标的权重,准则层中健康功效感知(0.2663)和大众审美(0.2470)列前2位;要素层中排名靠前的评价指标为生理健康(0.1332)、植物景观(0.0988)、空气质量(0.0926)和游憩空间(0.0871)。（3）借助场地使用者问卷调查评分,对杭州城北体育公园绿地的健康休闲游憩适宜性进行实证评价,评价整体得分为4.1996,属于优良水平,但水体景观、基础服务设施等存在问题。针对评价结果,提出了5个方面的优化发展策略。     

四季营养面包的研制

为了提高面包的营养价值,改善口感和风味,在确定其制作工艺的基础上,融合四时养生与中医药膳食养学的传统养生理论,在普通面包的基础上（配方：高筋面粉500 g、海藻糖50 g、砂糖50 g、奶粉5 g、酵母5 g、海藻酸钠1.5 g、鸡蛋1颗、水250 g）,选用有春、夏、秋、冬为元素的16种食材来研发制作了一款系列形式的营养面包。通过食材的比例用量进行单因素试验和正交试验,以感官评分为指标,确定以下配方（面粉质量为100%）：春季营养面包,糯米∶燕麦（体积比）=2∶1,菊花120朵/500 g水,菠菜泥5%;夏季营养面包,红小豆∶红米（体积比）=1∶2,山楂18%,胡萝卜碎3%;秋季营养面包,山药∶银耳（质量比）=1∶1,百合1%,白果0.4%;冬季营养面包,黑豆∶核桃仁（质量比）=6∶1,黑芝麻8%,枸杞子12%。根据该工艺制作的面包外型饱满,口感良好,营养丰富,是老少皆宜的健康食品。     

蓝靛果饮料的研制

野生蓝靛果资源丰富,具有很强的营养保健价值。以野生蓝靛果新鲜浆果为原料,通过添加蛋白糖和柠檬酸等辅料,采用正交试验和感官评定的方法,确定合理的配方及加工工艺,可制出蓝靛果低糖饮料。产品低糖而且甜酸可口、营养丰富,是一种值得推广的优良保健型饮料。