不同封育条件下荒漠草原生态系统健康评价

为定量评价围封对草原生态系统健康的影响,以宁夏盐池柳杨堡封育区为研究区域,采用生态系统健康指数对该区不同封育条件下荒漠草原进行评价分析.结果表明：1）从封育时间上看,封育时间越长,生态系统健康水平并非越好.2）从放牧压力上看,早期封育期间,放牧不利于草原生态系统健康恢复;封育达到一定年限后,适度放牧有利于草原生态系统健康恢复.因此,在荒漠草原植被恢复研究中,有必要调整封育年限、适度放牧,不仅能获得一定的经济效益,还能促进荒漠草原生态系统健康恢复.     

大蒜素治疗细菌感染所致呼吸机相关性肺炎的临床研究

目的 评估大蒜素治疗细菌感染所致呼吸机相关性肺炎危重患者的临床疗效。方法 采用前瞻性随机对照研究方法,选取2011年01月-2014年12月收入重症监护病房且符合呼吸机相关性肺炎诊断标准的92例患者（均为细菌感染所致）,按照随机数字表法将其分为治疗组42例及对照组50例。对照组在常规治疗基础上加用抗生素治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上加用大蒜素治疗,疗程14 d。分析两组患者的病原菌分布情况,比较两组患者机械通气时间、抗生素治疗时间、住ICU时间及14 d病死率;并观察记录大蒜素使用过程中安全性及不良反应发生率。结果 细菌感染所致呼吸机相关性肺炎患者的常见病原菌为鲍曼不动杆菌（35.2%）、金黄色葡萄球菌（17.1%）、铜绿假单胞菌（13.3%）、肺炎链球菌（13.3%）及肺炎克雷伯菌（8.6%）。治疗组机械通气时间略短于对照组（P>0.05）,抗生素使用时间及住ICU时间显著短于对照组（P<0.01）。两组患者治疗后14 d病死率无统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论 细菌感染所致呼吸机相关性肺炎患者在常规抗感染治疗基础上加用大蒜素治疗,能显著缩短抗生素使用时间,且有缩短患者机械通气时间及住ICU时间,临床不良反应发生率低,可以安全使用。     

高效液相色谱法测定银杏叶保健饮料中槲皮素的含量

采用高效液相色谱法测定银杏叶保健饮料中槲皮素的含量,用YWG-C18(150 mm×4.6 mm i.d, 10 μm)色谱柱分离,以V(甲醇):V(磷酸)=55:45(其中φ(磷酸)＝0.004)作流动相,于254 nm波长处检测. 结果表明,样品添加对照品的回收率在93.5%～101.0%之间,变异系数为3.38%,定量测定下限为0.32 mg/L.     

火龙果的营养保健功能与加工利用

介绍了火龙果的养营成分、保健功能,以及其制品的加工工艺。     

Effects of oral supplementation of probiotic strains of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Enterococcus faecium on diarrhoea events of foals in their first weeks of life

Foal first diarrhoea is one of the most prominent problems in the early life of horses. Probiotics might have the potency to prevent or at least diminish neonatal diarrhoea. We hypothesised that the treatment of foals with probiotic strains of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Enterococcus faecium starting early after birth and then daily over 2 weeks would prevent or mitigate foal heat diarrhoea. The influence of this probiotic treatment on diarrhoea incidence and growth and health performance of young foals was investigated. Thirty‐four foals were randomly allocated to two groups. From day 1 to 14 of life, the foals received either placebo (PG, n = 16) or the probiotic treatment (TG, n = 18). Clinical examination was performed, and the faeces consistency score (FCS, 1–5; with diarrhoea defined by ≤3) was recorded once per day in weeks 1 and 2 and once weekly in weeks 3–8 of life (WL). The body height was measured at birth and after two and eight WL. Diarrhoea occurred in the 1st WL in 19% and 61% of PG and TG foals respectively. In the 1st WL, diarrhoea lasted 0.3 ± 0.8 and 1.6 ± 1.4 days in PG and TG foals respectively. In the 2nd WL, diarrhoea occurred in 94% and 84% of PG and TG foals, respectively, and lasted for 3.0 ± 1.5 and 3.7 ± 1.6 days respectively. At least two periods of diarrhoea developed in 33% and 65% of PG and TG foals respectively. The TG foals grew slightly slower than the PG foals. The results indicated that the probiotic treatment of neonatal foals as performed in this study was not suitable to reduce diarrhoea within the first two WL, because contrary to the hypothesis, the TG foals suffered more frequently and for longer periods from diarrhoea than the PG foals.     

新型纳米杀菌剂在木材防腐中的应用

介绍了当前国外正在研发的新型纳米木材防腐剂(纳米金属类和纳米栽体类)及其可能存在的对环境和人体的安全隐患问题.     

森林康养产业的发展路径研究——以广东莲花顶森林公园为例

“绿水青山就是金山银山”是习近平总书记对生态经济产业发展的重要战略思想,同时也是绿色经济的主要指导方针。森林康养产业结合生态环境保护功在当代,利在千秋,是实现可持续发展的重要途径。因此,对森林康养产业的发展路径研究具有重要意义。以广东莲花顶森林公园为例进行研究,对目前森林康养产业发展的有利条件与不利条件进行分析,进而得出有效的解决措施。     

区域森林资源健康评价指标体系研究

区域森林资源健康评价是在林业可持续经营和可持续发展理论指导下,根据区域森林资源的结构和功能特点,在深入理解森林资源健康评价内涵、特点的基础上,遵照指标和指标体系的制定原则,从森林资源特征、灾害、社会、科技等方面入手,采用层次分析法、特尔斐(专家打分)法、综合评价法等方法探讨并构建森林资源健康评价指标体系和评价模型。     

A Qualitative Study of State‐Level Zoonotic Disease Surveillance in New England

Zoonotic diseases are infectious diseases transmittable between animals and humans and outbreaks of these diseases in animals can signify that humans are also infected (or vice versa). Thus, communication between animal and human health agencies is critical for surveillance. Understanding how these agencies conduct surveillance and share information is important for the development of successful automated zoonotic monitoring systems. Individual interviews were conducted with 13 professionals who perform animal or human zoonotic disease surveillance in one of the New England states. Questions centred on existing surveillance methods, collaborations between animal and human health agencies, and technological and data needs. The results showed that agencies routinely communicate over suspected zoonotic disease cases, yet there are barriers preventing automated electronic linking of health data of animals and humans. These include technological barriers and barriers due to sensitivity and confidentiality of information. Addressing these will facilitate the development of electronic systems for integrating animal and human zoonotic disease surveillance data.     

重大突发公共卫生事件下老年人群健康信息需求及其服务研究

[目的/意义]本文旨在探索重大突发公共卫生事件下老年人群的健康信息需求,丰富老年健康信息需求与服务的理论内容,为老年群体的健康信息服务提供参考。[方法/过程]采用深度访谈法,对30位老年人群进行数据收集。采用主题分析法对访谈文本进行分析,通过访谈文本进行编码,归纳子主题提炼主题。[结果/结论]本文研究结果表明,重大突发公共卫生事件下老年人群的健康信息需求分为疾病预防、疾病诊治、养生保健及社会生活四大类。为满足其健康信息需求,本文从政府、社区、媒体3个主体视角提出信息服务策略：1）政府确保信息渠道畅通,充分利用科技手段传递信息;2）以社区为单位,丰富基层信息传播途径;3）规范媒体信息发布,提高媒体行业社会责任感。