论如何有效实施营养宣教

营养宣教对于慢性病的预防、保障大众健康、降低医疗支出具有重要意义。从多个角度论述如何有效进行营养宣教,列举一些可行措施,以期使营养宣教工作的实施有所借鉴。     

Relation between Soil Health, Wave-like Fluctuations in Microbial Populations, and Soil-borne Plant Disease Management

A healthy soil is often defined as a stable soil system with high levels of biological diversity and activity, internal nutrient cycling, and resilience to disturbance. This implies that microbial fluctuations after a disturbance would dampen more quickly in a healthy than in a chronically damaged and biologically impoverished soil. Soil could be disturbed by various processes, for example addition of a nutrient source, tillage, or drying-rewetting. As a result of any disturbance, the numbers of heterotrophic bacteria and of individual species start to oscillate, both in time and space. The oscillations appear as moving waves along the path of a moving nutrient source such as a root tip. The phase and period for different trophic groups and species of bacteria may be shifted indicating that succession occurs. DGGE, Biolog and FAME analysis of subsequent populations in oscillation have confirmed that there is a cyclic succession in microbial communities. Microbial diversity oscillates in opposite direction from oscillations in microbial populations. In a healthy soil, the amplitudes of these oscillations will be small, but the background levels of microbial diversity and activity are high, so that soil-borne diseases will face more competitors and antagonists. However, soil-borne pathogens and antagonists alike will fluctuate in time and space as a result of growing plant roots and other disturbances, and the periods and phases of the oscillations may vary. As a consequence, biological control by members of a single trophic group or species may never be complete, as pathogens will encounter varying populations of the biocontrol agent on the root surface. A mixture of different trophic groups may provide more complete biological control because peaks of different trophic groups occur at subsequent locations along a root. Alternatively, regular addition of soil organic matter may increase background levels of microbial activity, increase nutrient cycling, lower the concentrations of easily available nutrient sources, increase microbial diversity, and enhance natural disease suppression.     

铁皮石斛的药理作用及其保健食品研发进展

铁皮石斛为我国传统名贵中药材,综述了铁皮石斛的药理作用,并分析了以铁皮石斛为原料的保健食品的开发现状,以期为铁皮石斛相关产品的研发提供科学依据.     

《周易》卦象中的精神养生思想

《周易》不仅阐述了物质养生的方法,还对精神养生有着深刻地认识,即通过调节人的情绪、心理、意识等,达到精神的平衡和稳定,最终实现健康完美的身心状态。本文具体阐述了乾、艮、无妄、兑、睽、节、离七种卦象蕴含的精神养生的具体方式方法,并讨论了《周易》中的精神养生总则,包括顺应自然、保健预防、调摄精神与身心和谐。研究《周易》的精神养生内涵有助于树立健全完善的现代养生观,对现代人的精神养生具有实践指导价值。     

东部近海海产品中有机氯和菊酯类农药的分布特征与健康风险评估

为全面了解我国东部近海海产品中有机氯农药(OCPs)和菊酯类农药(PYRs)的残留特征及健康风险,本研究以我国东部近海附近海域的典型海产品为研究对象,使用气相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱仪(GC-MS/MS)对其体内两类农药的含量进行测定和相关分析。结果显示：东部近海海产品中,∑OCPs残留范围为2.2～1 864.7 ng·g^-1(均值为72.5 ng·g^-1,以干质量计),∑PYRs浓度范围为5.2～761.7 ng·g^-1(均值为57.9 ng·g^-1)。与软体动物类和甲壳类相比,∑OCPs更容易蓄积在脂肪含量更高的鱼类中,而∑PYRs在3类生物中的残留量差异不显著;空间分布上,两类农药在海洋生物体内残留量的空间差异性均不显著(除烟台海域外);来源分析表明,OCPs污染主要源于历史残留,而PYRs可能与近海范围内陆域的城市卫生防护活动密切相关。研究表明,不同海产品中两类农药的总风险指数远小于1,健康风险处于安全水平。     

半干旱地区防护林体系健康维护技术试验

分别采用诱木法、改善林况及林禽混养等生物措施针对天牛、杨干象等病虫害进行了维持防护林健康技术试验。结果表明:采用易感天牛的诱树营造杨树品种混交林可有效地控制天牛的发生范围,缩小其种群集中分布区,为人工集中捕杀创造了条件;通过半带皆伐改善林况未使杨干象甲感病状态得到有效改善;在林带内放养家禽可使林木感病株率、感虫株率分别减少7%、9%,同时可获得可观的经济收入。     

Modeling of urban trees’ effects on reducing human exposure to UV radiation in Seoul,Korea

A mathematical model is constructed for quantifying urban trees’ effects on mitigating the intensity of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on the ground within different land use types across a city. The model is based upon local field data, meteorological data and equations designed to predict the reduced UV fraction due to trees at the ground level. Trees in Seoul, Korea (2010), produced average UV protection factors (UPF) for pedestrians in tree shade at solar noon (May to August) of 8.3 for park and cemetery land uses and 3.0 for commercial and transportation land uses. The highest daily UPF was 11.8 in the park and cemetery land uses, which has the highest percent canopy cover. This UV model is being implemented within the i-Tree modeling system to allow cities across the world to estimate tree effects on UV exposure. Understanding the impacts of urban trees on UV exposure can be used in developing landscape design strategies to help protect urban populations from UV exposure and consequent health impacts.     

延安市城市森林健康评价

运用生态系统健康理论建立了城市森林健康评价指标体系,对延安市不同类型城市森林进行了分析评价。结果表明,延安市各类型城市森林综合健康指数为0.32~0.82,各类型森林间健康状况差异较大,风景林为良好,防护林、行道树为较好,纪念地、专用绿地为一般,广场游园和道路绿地较差。城市森林健康水平取决于建设者和管理者的目标和技术,发展城市经济、提高居民收入、改良森林群落结构,是改善和维持城市森林健康的必由之路。     

大学生心理健康教育实施途径研究

现在的在大学生是应试教育下培养出来的，他们在中小学阶段只注重知识的积累，而忽视了素质的培养，尤其是心理素质的培养，进入大学，各种心理困扰，心理问题日渐突出。大学生心理健康教育工作尽管已受到高校的普遍关注，但是仍不能适应全面推进素质教育的需要，我们应努力探索新形势下大学生心理健康教育的实施途径。     

吉林蛟河不同演替阶段针阔混交林土壤健康评价1）

应用层次分析法、隶属度函数和森林土壤健康指数法,对吉林省蛟河市林业实验区管理局内4种不同演替阶段的森林土壤健康进行评价;主要选取5个物理性指标、8个化学性指标、1个生物指标建立评价体系,使用隶属度函数进行无量纲化处理,应用层次分析法求出各指标的权重值,得出森林土壤的健康指数。结果表明：森林土壤健康等级降幂排序为中龄林、成熟林、老龄林、近熟林;相关性分析可知,土壤健康指数,与全氮、有效磷、速效钾呈极显著相关性,与水解氮、有机质呈显著相关。