漠斑牙鲆人工催产和自然产卵的比较

为探索漠斑牙鲆人工催产的可行性,以便在预期时间集中获得苗种,分别于2006年在大连和2007年在江苏进行了人工催产和自然产卵对比试验.试验结果表明,漠斑牙鲆亲鱼自然产卵受精率和孵化率远远高于人工催产,但人工催产可以准确掌握生产时机,在短时间内获得大量受精卵和初孵仔鱼;4龄亲鱼人工催产产卵量、受精率、受精卵孵化率高于3龄亲鱼.人工催产受精率孵化率有待于进一步提高.     

双氧水预防白点鲑卵水霉病发生的效果研究

在白点鲑(Salvelinus leucomaenis Pallas)受精卵至发眼期间,为了替代甲醛,采用浓度分别为0mg/L(对照组)、600mg/L、900mg/L、1200mg/L、1500mg/L、1800mg/L的双氧水预防水霉菌的发生。消毒时间为隔天一次上午7:00-8:00,持续时间15min后换至正常流水孵化。在水温(4.5±0.4)℃,水体溶解氧(6.75±0.35)mg/L,pH(6.6±0.45)的情况下,经过40d的孵化,对各处理组的数据统计和分析,认为在浓度为1200mg/L可以有效预防水霉菌的发生,发眼率、上浮率和畸形率分别为89%、80.6%、0.7%、,而对照组相应为72%、70.2%、0.45%。当双氧水浓度低于1200mg/L时,受精卵孵化率和双氧水浓度呈正相关;高于1200mg/L时,受精卵孵化率和双氧水浓度呈负相关。另外,在孵化后期,发眼卵死亡率、仔鱼死亡率和畸形率则随着双氧水浓度的增加呈现明显上升的趋势。     

The effects of algal diets on population growth and egg hatching success of the tropical calanoid copepod, Acartia sinjiensis

As natural diets of fish larvae, a number of calanoid copepod species are being investigated for use as live prey in aquaculture hatcheries. One of these, the tropical calanoid copepod, Acartia sinjiensis, has good potential as a live feed for tropical reef fish larvae. However, the rearing techniques for A. sinjiensis require further development to improve productivity. This study was carried out to investigate the population growth and egg hatching success of A. sinjiensis when fed a range of mono-and binary algal diets, including algae in the form of frozen paste.For the population growth experiment, the final A. sinjiensis population, including eggs, nauplii, copepodites and adults, was determined after feeding eight algal diets (two frozen algae, four live monoalgal and two live binary algal diets) for 8 days at temperature 28 ± 1 °C; salinity 34 ± 1 psu and photoperiod 12 L:12 D. Five replicates, with an initial 12 adult A. sinjiensis per replicate, were set up for each treatment. In a separate experiment, effects of diets on egg hatching success were examined after 48 h incubation of eggs produced by A. sinjiensis fed the same eight diets.The results showed that diet significantly affected both population growth and hatching success of A. sinjiensis. Of the diets tested, the binary algal diets were more successful than monoalgal diets, while the frozen algae had little dietary value. The highest population growth was recorded on A. sinjiensis fed a binary diet of Tetraselmis chuii and the Tahitian strain of Isochrysis sp. (T-ISO) (final population: 1091 ± 80), which was significantly higher (P < 0.001) than all other diets tested except for the other binary diet of Nannochloropsis sp. and T-ISO (final population: 897 ± 123). Diet also had a significant effect (P < 0.001) on egg hatching rate, though the highest hatch rate was recorded with eggs produced by A. sinjiensis fed binary diet Nannochloropsis sp. and T-ISO (88.1 ± 2.1%), this was not significantly different from that of eggs produced by A. sinjiensis fed either T-ISO alone (88.0 ± 1.7%) or the binary algal diet of T. chuii and T-ISO (76.4 ± 7.1%). The results of this study suggest that among the diets tested, a combination of live T. chuii and T-ISO was the best for the culture of A. sinjiensis.     

黑水虻虫卵冷藏保存技术研究

【目的】持续低温或阴雨天气对黑水虻成虫产卵量造成较大影响,在产卵高峰期冷藏多余虫卵用于卵量低谷期,将有利于规模化标准化生产黑水虻。【方法】研究了不同发育阶段黑水虻虫卵经12 ℃冷藏不同天数后的孵化情况,以及原肠期虫卵经12 ℃分别冷藏5、10、15 d后在32 ℃下孵化生长发育情况。【结果】初产虫卵不能直接冷藏,12 ℃冷藏1 d后转32℃孵化,死亡率达100%。胚盘胚带形成期、原肠期、体壁背合期和破壳期的虫卵在12 ℃下冷藏10 d转置32 ℃孵化,平均孵化率分别为94%、94%、27%、0%,体壁背合期和破壳期虫卵不适宜冷藏。胚盘胚带形成期虫卵冷藏13 d后孵化率降至80%以下;原肠期虫卵冷藏15 d后孵化率降至80%以下。冷藏5、10 d原肠期虫卵孵化的幼虫生长发育与对照无显著差异;冷藏15 d原肠期虫卵存活率低于对照,百头虫重无显著差异。【结论】在12 ℃冷藏的原肠期虫卵能保持较高的存活率,幼虫生长发育正常,该结果为黑水虻的工厂化生产提供理论依据与实践指导。     

新疆乳菀属时表皮特征及其分类学意义

本研究在扫描电镜（ＳＥＭ）和光镜（ＬＭ）水平上对产于新疆的轧菀属（ＧａｌａｔｅｌｌａＣａｓｓ．）１１种植物叶表皮进行了比较观察，表明该属植物叶表皮细胞和气孔也均为不规则型。文章认为，乳菀属叶表皮特征较稳定，且具有类群特异性，在确定亲缘关面具有重要意义。     

不同孵化率去壳卤虫卵的SOD同工酶分析

用ＮａＣｌＯ对巴里坤湖自虫卵进行去壳处理，得到不同孵化率的卤虫去壳卵。对这些卵进行ＳＯＤ同工酶的ＰＡＧＥ分离及反相显色表明．孵化率与ＳＯＤＰＡＧＥ同工酶成正相关．６个样品均表现出两条相同的带．而孵化率较高的４、５、６样品组又各多出现两条带。因此可以用ＳＯＤ同工酶做为判断卤虫卵孵化率高低的一种指标．尤其适用于高孵化率的卤虫卵。     

营养强化和控光控温对大菱鲆亲鱼性腺发育及卵子质量的影响

【目的】总结出一套有效的大菱鲆亲鱼培育技术,为大菱鲆育苗育种工作提供参考。【方法】通过人工控光控温,并投喂冰鲜杂鱼和强化饵料,研究大菱鲆亲鱼培育期间的控光控温和营养强化效果及其对亲鱼性腺发育、卵子质量的影响。【结果】经控光控温和营养强化后,大菱鲆亲鱼性腺开始发育提前67d,性腺发育时间缩短9d,产卵持续时间缩短18d,亲鱼平均产卵量867mL,受精卵活率高达80.1%,受精率67.3%,孵化率61.9%。进一步比较分析,发现控光控温能够使性腺发育时间提前60d,且能在一定程度上缩短性腺发育时间和产卵期;经营养强化后亲鱼产卵量、上浮卵量、上浮率及受精卵活率、孵化率均有显著提高。亲鱼产卵量与体重呈正相关,受精卵活率与孵化率也呈正相关。【结论】大菱鲆亲鱼经营养强化和控光控温后,卵子质量显著提高,性腺发育时间显著提前,实现了反季节产卵。     

不同时期鸡胚体外培养及其影响因素的研究

采用代用蛋壳体外培养方法，对不同时期鸡胚胎换蛋壳培养进行了研究。结果表明：体外受精卵体外培养发育率为10％。X期胚胎体外培养的出雏率为1.2%；孵化1日龄胚胎体外培养的出雏率为7.9%；去1／4壳的鸡胚出雏率为3.7%；鸡胚胎换蛋壳以后，添加6－8mL稀蛋白对换壳鸡胚发育比较适宜。     

不同营养水平全混合日粮对育肥羔羊生理生化指标的影响

研究了不同营养水平全混合日粮(total mixed ration,TMR)对南非肉用‘美利奴’ב甘肃高山细毛羊’F1代羔羊生理生化指标的影响.结果表明:在TMR饲喂技术下,以0.8×NRC水平育肥南非肉用‘美利奴’ב甘肃高山细毛羊’F1代羔羊效果最好;试验羊体温、呼吸频率、脉搏等生理指标以及血液碱性磷酸酶、乳酸脱氢酶、谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶和胆碱酯酶等生化指标均在正常范围内(P>0.05),但发现杂交羔羊母羊的平均体温极显著高于公羊(P<0.01).说明在甘肃河西走廊地区可以大面积推广应用肉羊TMR饲喂技术,用南非肉用‘美利奴’杂交改良‘甘肃高山细毛羊’是可行的.     

福寿螺和克氏原螯虾摄食水花生和水浮莲初探

研究了福寿螺和克氏原螯虾对水花生和水浮莲的摄食情况.结果表明,每只体重1.06±0.09g福寿螺对水花生和水浮莲的摄食率分别为17.37±0.73%、22.30±0.84%;每只体重3.52±0.07g的摄食率分别为13.66±0.79%及13.84±0.67%.雌、雄克氏原螯虾对水花生的摄食率分别为1.28±0.04%和0.74±0.03%;对水浮莲的摄食率分别为2.10±0.04%和1.93±0.05%.