In ovo injection of branched‐chain amino acids: Embryonic development,hatchability and hatching quality of turkey poults

In this study, the influence of a branched‐chain amino acid blend (BCAA composed of 3 l ‐leucine:1 l ‐valine:2 l ‐isoleucine) injected into the amniotic fluid was evaluated for embryonic growth, yolk‐sac (YS) utilization and development of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and skeletal muscles of turkey embryos from day 24 of incubation (24E) to hatching, together with hatchability, poult quality and liver L* (lightness), a* (redness) and b* (yellowness) values at hatch. At day 22 of incubation, embryonated eggs (n = 240) were assigned to three treatments, that is, eggs were not injected (control, NC) or injected with 1.5 ml sterile solution with 0.9% salt (SA) or 0.2% BCAA blend (BCAAb). These solutions were injected manually into the amniotic fluid of the embryonated eggs. To determine weights and lengths (where appropriate) of the studied organs and tissues, four embryonated eggs and poults per treatment were selected at 24E and at hatch. While the BCAAb decreased the YS and embryo weight, hatchability and the liver L* value, it increased the weight and quality of poults and the weights of breast and thigh muscles at hatch. In conclusion, the in ovo feeding of the BCAA blend negatively affected hatchability but positively affected hatching weight and poult quality by improving development of skeletal muscles and by regulating energy metabolism.     

家禽孵化环境光照度模糊控制器的设计

根据家禽种蛋经光照后能提高孵化率的特点,设计了家禽孵化环境光照度模糊控制器,并阐述了模糊控制系统的原理、方法以及硬件的组成。通过仿真试验,结果表明,该系统响应快,超调量小,动作准确,过程平稳。     

米蛾(Corcyra cephalonice)成虫产卵及卵发育对温度的响应

明确温度与米蛾成虫生殖和卵发育的关系并进行模式化表达,为人工智能规模化繁育米蛾及利用其卵进行天敌昆虫的繁殖提供科学依据。在室内5个恒温条件下(15℃、20℃、25℃、30℃、35℃)测定米蛾卵的发育历期、孵化进度、孵化率及成虫产卵量、产卵动态、寿命等。结果显示,米蛾卵在15℃条件下停滞发育(不能孵化),在20~35℃的温度范围内,卵的发育历期与温度呈负相关,卵的发育速率总体趋势符合Logistic曲线模型V=0.25/[1+exp(5.06-0.24t)](R=0.9993,F=358.06,P=0.0373),孵化率与温度的关系符合二项式关系模型y=1/[0.0144+526644.37exp(-t)](R=0.9471,F=26.14,P=0.0145),在试验温度范围内,米蛾成虫单雌产卵量有随着温度升高呈现先增加后降低的趋势,且米蛾单雌产卵量(y)与温度(t)的关系符合二项式模型y=-2.38t2+128.42t-1383.58(R=0.9941,F=84.28,P=0.0117),成虫寿命亦随着温度的升高逐渐缩短。米蛾雌虫产卵适宜温度范围是25~30℃,最适温度为26.98℃,卵发育的适宜温度范围是20~30℃,最适温度为26.90℃。     

Effects of silvering state on induced maturation and spawning in wild female Japanese eel <Emphasis Type="Italic">Anguilla japonica</Emphasis>

ABSTRACT:   The effects of silvering state of wild female Japanese eels Anguilla japonica on the success of induced maturation and the following spawning were examined. Thirty-eight females, collected in Mikawa Bay, were divided into four stages based on their silvering state: yellow (Y1), late-yellow (Y2), silver (S1) and late silver eels (S2). Despite injections of salmon pituitary extract (SPE) through the standard technique, Y1 and Y2 eels did not respond to the treatment with undeveloped gonad (gonad-somatic index [GSI]: 0.3–0.9), and all these females died by 5 weeks, probably due to an abnormal physiological condition. Most S1 (81%) and S2 eels (100%) matured completely (GSI: 17.8–51.4), and finally spawned successfully (69% for S1, 89% for S2). S2 eels fully matured with oocytes of over 750 μm in diameter by significantly smaller number of injections of SPE (5–6 times) than the case of S1 eels (6–8 times). The amount of eggs released by S2 eels (0.65 ± 0.11 g/fish per body weight [BW]) was significantly larger than those by S1 eels (0.54 ± 0.09 g/fish per BW). There was no difference in fertilization and hatching rates between eggs released by S1 eels and those of S2 eels. These results indicate that the success of induced maturation and spawning in wild female Japanese eels depends on their silvering state, and matured eggs can be obtained efficiently through the use of S2 eels rather than other stages.     

超声波在水产养殖中的应用

超声波具有机械传质、加热和空化作用。高强度的超声会破碎生物的细胞,降低酶活性等;合适的低强度超声波可以促进鱼卵孵化,提高鱼类的生长速度,去除有害藻类,并能增强鱼类的免疫功能,有利于鱼病防治。     

枣园绿盲蝽越冬卵的分布及其孵化规律研究

【目的】研究绿盲蝽越冬卵的分布及其孵化规律,为掌握绿盲蝽卵的防治时间、防治地点以及制定防治措施提供依据。【方法】分别选取沧县高川乡朴寺村和盐山县城关镇的纯枣园及苹果-梨-枣混合枣园,调查2类枣园绿盲蝽越冬卵的分布情况,并将越冬卵带回室内饲养观察其孵化规律。【结果】在纯枣园,绿盲蝽卵的越冬场所主要为夏剪剪口、多年生枣股和其他伤口;在杂草、农作物残留物、1年生枣股以及土壤中未发现绿盲蝽越冬卵的分布。在枣-梨-苹果混合枣园,越冬卵在枣树上分布最多,占总卵量的50.40%,其次为苹果和梨树,越冬卵分别为总卵量的35.29%和14.31%。4月份采集的绿盲蝽越冬卵的孵化率最高,其孵化率达到87%以上,与其他月份采集卵的孵化率有极显著差异;绿盲蝽越冬卵的孵化盛期在4月末至5月初,此时枣芽长度一般为2~3 cm。【结论】绿盲蝽越冬卵主要集中分布在枣树的夏剪剪口和其他伤口,在杂草、农作物残留物1、年生枣股以及土壤中无分布,其孵化盛期在4月末至5月初。     

皱纹盘鲍幼虫流水孵化培育工艺流程与应用

应用流水孵化技术大规模孵化皱纹盘鲍（Haliotis discus hannai)幼虫，与常规技术相比，孵化率平均提高到67.9%，采苗次数下降了88%，节省亲鲍数量72%，节省劳动力95%。     

不同根际细菌对南方根结线虫抑制效果的研究

采用稀释平板涂布方法从番茄根结土壤中初步筛选出对明胶有水解作用的菌株。通过各菌株发酵上清液对南方根结线虫二龄幼虫死亡率和虫卵孵化率抑制作用,以及拮抗菌悬浮处理番茄根系30 d后观察番茄根结数量变化,进一步筛选获得高效菌株。通过16S rDNA基因序列分析,对能显著抑制根结线虫生长的2株菌株进行了鉴定。结果表明:筛选出了10株对明胶有明显水解圈的细菌,其中菌株BTG和X5具有较强的明胶水解能力。菌株BTG和X5发酵的上清液处理二龄幼虫24 h后的死亡率比无菌上清液处理死亡率提高了72.13%和62.14%;而用菌株上清液处理14 d后的虫卵孵化率比无菌上清液处理的孵化率降低了38.62%和30.73%。菌株BTG和X5的菌悬液处理的番茄根结数比不加菌悬液对照处理根结数分别降低了80.49%和73.17%。经16S rDNA基因序列分析表明,菌株BTG和X5都属于芽孢杆菌。通过比较各株细菌对二龄幼虫(J2)死亡率,虫卵孵化率及番茄根结数量的影响,筛选出了2株可用于生物防治作物根结线虫的芽孢杆菌。     

泥鳅激素浸泡催产试验的初报

为了寻找一种简易的泥鳅催产方法。浸泡催产激素有绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)、促黄体素释放激素类似物(LHRH-A2)和地欧酮(DOM),以HCG250 IU+LHRH-A22 μg+DOM1 mg/尾为基本剂量(X),食盐作为浸泡助渗剂,食用色拉油为消泡剂。分别进行不同浸泡时间、浓度和盐度的泥鳅催产试验。累计激素浸泡催产种鳅13.987 kg,900尾,获受精卵80.218万粒,其催产率在0%~100%,平均催产率为34.66%;得泥鳅水花苗71.42万尾。孵化率为在45.6%~93.3%之间,孵化率平均值为81.21%。激素浸泡催产率高达80.0%,激素浸泡催产获得泥鳅受精卵的孵化率和注射激素催产获受精卵的孵化率差别不大,说明利用激素浸泡泥鳅催产方便省时,是一种有前途的新方法。浸泡催产激素有绒毛膜促性腺激素（HCG）、促黄体素释放激素类似物（LHRH-A2）和地欧酮（DOM）,按照HCG250IU+LHRH-A22μg+DOM1mg/尾基本剂量（X）;食盐为浸泡助渗剂,食用色拉油为消泡剂。2011年6月15日至20日,笔者分别进行不同浸泡时间、浓度和盐度的泥鳅催产试验。累计激素浸泡催产种鳅13.987kg,900尾,获受精卵84.826万粒,其催产率在 0.00%～80.0%,得泥鳅水花苗71.42万尾。孵化率为在45.6%～93.3%之间,孵化率平均值为81.21%。     

Annual changes in the hatching period of the dominant cohort of larval and juvenile ayu Plecoglossus altivelis altivelis in the Shimanto Estuary and adjacent coastal waters during 1986–2001

ABSTRACT:   Larval and juvenile ayu from seven year-groups (1986, 1987, 1992, 1995, 1996, 1999 and 2000) were collected in the Shimanto Estuary and adjacent coastal waters. The present study focuses on the variation among year-groups in the hatching period estimated by age determination using the otolith. The hatching period of the dominant cohorts in the 1986, 1987 and 1992 year-groups occurred from late October to mid-November. A delay of the hatching period of the dominant cohort was observed from the 1995 year-group, which occurred in late November to early December, and the dominant periods in the 1996, 1999 and 2000 year-groups were observed from early to late December. It appears that the delay of the hatching period of dominant cohorts was not due to a delay of spawning, but a high mortality of early hatched larvae. The water temperature in autumn in the coastal waters adjacent to the Shimanto River has tended to rise over the past 20 years and this trend was especially notable in the late 1990s. The delay in the hatching period of the dominant cohort observed from the 1995 year-group was likely to be related to the rise in seawater temperatures in autumn.