温度和盐度对吉富品系尼罗罗非鱼受精率和孵化率的联合影响

采用中心复合设计和响应曲面方法研究了温度(T,℃)和盐度(S)对吉富品系尼罗罗非鱼人工受精率(FR,％)和孵化率(HR,％)的综合影响.设定的温度范围为20～34,盐度范围为0～18.建立了温度、盐度与受精和孵化之间关系的定量模型,并通过分析明确了温度与盐度的最优组合.结果表明,吉富罗非鱼在温度与盐度较高或较低范围内受精率与孵化率都处于较低水平.温度和盐度的一次与二次效应对受精与孵化均有极显著的影响(P＜0.01).温度与盐度二者间协同效应不显著(P＞0.05).建立了吉富罗非鱼受精率与孵化率的多项式方程,复相关系数分别达到了0.957 8和0.960 1 (P＜0.01),可以用于预测吉富罗非鱼的受精率和孵化率.利用统计优化技术明确,在温度27.14℃,盐度8.95时,罗非鱼最佳的受精率为80.8％,孵化率为77.63％.本研究旨在考察温度与盐度同时变化对吉富罗非鱼受精率与孵化率的影响,探讨最佳温度－盐度组合以增加吉富罗非鱼苗种产量.     

中华沙鳅人工繁殖技术初探

对从长江、金沙江和岷江水域中收集质量为25.0～100.0 g的中华沙鳅(Botia superciliaris Günther)进行人工驯养、亲鱼培育和人工繁殖试验.结果显示:野生中华沙鳅能在人工饲养条件下生长和繁殖.注射人工催产药物鲤鱼脑垂体(PC)和促黄体素释放激素类似物(LHRH-A2)可促使亲鱼产卵和排精,催...     

Post‐hatching development of the ornamental ‘Red Cherry Shrimp’ Neocaridina davidi (Bouvier, 1904) (Crustacea,Caridea, Atyidae) under laboratorial conditions

The ‘Red Cherry shrimp’, Neocaridina davidi is a small freshwater caridean shrimp living, originally, in various kinds of inland water bodies around Asian countries. This shrimp has reached several countries for ornamental use; however, basic information on the biology of the species is still scarce in the literature. Its early post embryonic development morphology has not yet been described. This paper focused on the production and the development of early post‐hatching stages of N. davidi, its male secondary sexual features, observation of the gonads and the presence of females with embryos. The larval development of N. davidi was almost suppressed as noted by the presence of relatively large‐sized eggs, first stage hatching as a decapodid; and the tail fans were present only from the 2nd post‐hatching stage. A biological important consequence of the presence of this Red Cherry shrimp species in the Neotropics is its potential release into nature, which could cause its rapid dispersion affecting populations of other indigenous caridean freshwater shrimps.     

罗曼蛋种鸡种蛋受精率孵化率和健雏率的相关性分析

通过对山东大蔡牧业集团有限公司种鸡场(2008年5月—2009年4月)孵化生产记录数据进行整理、归纳和汇总,对种蛋受精率、受精蛋孵化率和健雏率3个指标进行相关统计分析,计算两两之间的相关系数,并建立回归方程。结果发现:种蛋受精率和受精蛋孵化率的相关系数r=0.9223(P<0.01);种蛋受精率和健雏率的相关系数r=0.4097(P<0.05);受精蛋孵化率和健雏率的相关系数为r=0.3980(P<0.05)。     

鱼类产卵孵化方式及其适应意义

综述了卵生鱼类的浮性卵、粘性卵、沉性卵及特殊类型的产卵孵化方式及其适应意义,也描述了卵胎生和胎生鱼类的胚胎发育及产仔特征。     

Connectivity of lobster (Homarus americanus) populations in the coastal Gulf of Maine: part II. Coupled biophysical dynamics

We used a coupled biophysical model to investigate larval transport and connectivity patterns in the Gulf of Maine lobster ( Homarus americanus ) population. Biological 'particles' were released at over 21 000 locations every 10 days over a 4-month hatching period, and were followed from hatching through late postlarval stage. In addition to circulation and dispersion, model calculations included spatial patterns of egg production, temporal patterns of hatching, temperature-dependent development, vertical distribution and mortality. We ran the model for three larval production seasons using the same hatching patterns and individual-based modeling parameters but different flow patterns in the coastal current system. Model results gave distribution and abundance patterns of competent postlarvae that closely resembled observed, alongshore patterns of lobster settlement density. We evaluated the relative contribution of all source regions to the total number of competent postlarvae in a series of medium-size zones along the coastal shelf, many of which are used in lobster management. Connectivity depended on many factors, including patterns of egg production and transport, and the location and size of the receiving zones. Self recruitment ranged from a few percent to >90% of competent postlarvae. Although it was common for postlarvae to come from many, often distant, sources, most of the competent postlarvae in a zone originated within one to two zones in the prevailing 'up-stream' direction, forming shorter connections along the coast than the energetic currents might otherwise suggest. Inshore migrations during summer hatching may contribute to these shorter patterns of connectivity. Transport in the prevailing 'upstream' direction was also indicated.     

甘南高寒牧区从岭藏鸡种蛋物理性状相关性及对孵化率影响的研究试验

从岭藏鸡生长于海拔1 200~2 900 m高寒、低压、缺氧的甘南高原从岭地带,是地方原始品种,长久以来并未进行过系统的选育。为掌握从岭藏鸡种蛋的物理性状与孵化率的关系,摸清对出雏率和健雏率的影响,建立一套比较健全完善的从岭藏鸡育种技术,提高其繁育能力,破解繁殖力低下的问题。本试验选择舟曲东盛养殖专业合作社2.5万羽散养从岭藏鸡在10 d之内所产的6 000枚种蛋进行孵化,开展从岭藏鸡种蛋蛋壳颜色、厚度、蛋形、蛋重等物理性状与从岭藏鸡出雏率和健雏率的关系,结果表明:蛋壳颜色跟蛋形指数之间相关性为极显著负相关(R=-0.062,P<0.01),蛋壳颜色跟蛋壳厚度和蛋重呈显著的弱相关(R=0.123,R=-0.321,P<0.05)。蛋壳厚度跟蛋形指数之间相关性呈极显著负相关(R=0.234,P<0.01),与蛋重呈显著负相关(R=0.062,P<0.05)。蛋形指数与蛋重之间呈极显著的正相关性(R=0.205,P<0.01)。在育种时,应选择蛋壳为粉褐色、蛋壳厚度在0.26~0.31 mm之间、蛋形指数≧0.80(偏圆)、蛋重≦35 g的鸡蛋作为种蛋,从而提高孵化率和健雏率。     

北部沿海人工繁殖长江蟹试验

首次在北部沿海进行了长江蟹人工繁殖试验,报告了亲蟹促产,越冬培育,饵料投喂,水质管理,幼体孵化,幼体培育等全套工艺流程,交配抱卵率达８１％,越冬成活率８４．６％,大眼幼体育成率２２．５％,认为长江蟹,黄河蟹幼体培育方法一致,培养结果,育成率无显著差异,但越冬水深应保持１．５ｍ以上,亲蟹须先进行１５￣２０天强化培育。     

水温对石磺胚胎发育的影响

通过实验室研究,对石磺（Onchidium sp．）胚胎发育过程进行了详细观察,比较了不同水温下石磺胚胎发育的速度,探讨了膜内面盘幼虫孵化出膜的主要条件。结果表明：石磺的胚胎发育过程类似于肺螺亚纲其他贝类,行体内受精,刚产出的卵为受精卵,细胞未进行分裂,卵裂从卵产出体外开始,分别经过卵裂期,囊胚期,原肠期,膜内担轮幼虫期,膜内面盘幼虫期,经过孵化期孵化出膜为自由生活的面盘幼虫期。对各阶段幼体的大小、形状、内部器官等特征以及发育变态过程进行了详细的显微观察和描述。26℃,28℃,30℃3个水温组中,从受精卵到膜内面盘幼虫孵化出膜分别需要300h,290h,288h;发现影响幼虫孵化出膜的主要因素是水温和海水的刺激作用;繁殖盛期卵群工厂化水泥池自然水温孵化时间为10～14d。并报道了水温低于23℃时石磺胚胎停止发育现象。