中国卤虫卵孵化特性的研究

本文对山东埕口盐场、海南岛莺歌海盐场及青海柯柯盐湖天然采集的卤虫卵进行了孵化特性研究。埕口、莺歌海及柯柯的虫卵壳厚分别为9.7,11.4及13.2μm。在放入海水中进行孵化前上述三品系的卤虫卵分别在自来水中浸泡2,3及4小时能获得最佳孵化率。它们的最适孵化温度分别为25.6～28.5℃,27.0～30.0℃及27.0～33.0℃。最适孵化盐度分别为30,20及35％。孵化的同步性以“莺歌海”为最好,为6.4小时,“埕口”次之,为6.5小时,“柯柯”为7.4小时。 实验室内培养产卵后24小时内收集的虫卵用下列方法处理能终止虫卵的滞育状态:(1)埕口卤虫卵:浸泡于粗盐饱和溶液中2～3个月,孵化率可达91～94％。(2)莺歌海卤虫卵:浸泡于粗盐饱和溶液中2～5个月,孵化率可达80～91％。(3)柯柯卤虫卵:置于5℃2～3个月孵化率可达96～98％。用3％H_2O_2及3％甲醛溶液处理对终止滞育状态没有作用。天然采集的三个品系的卤虫卵用3％H_2O_2或3％甲醛溶液或用去壳溶液处理均可以提高孵化率。     

泛酸对种母鸡繁殖性能的影响

选用２４００羽艾维菌父母代种母鸡分４组,饲喂不同水平的泛酸饲料,添加量分别为０,５０,１００,１５０ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１日粮,在夏季进行为期６０ｄ的饲养试验,研究炎热季节泛酸对种母鸡生产性能和繁殖性能的影响。结果表明,高剂时泛酸提高种母鸡的产蛋量（Ｐ＜００１）、蛋重（Ｐ＜００５）和采食量（Ｐ＜００５）泛酸具有改进蛋品质的作用,提高浓蛋白高度、哈夫单位（Ｐ＜００１）,促进蛋黄的合成（Ｐ＜００５）,降低蛋黄中胆固醇含量（Ｐ＜００１）,增加蛋壳的厚度和强度（Ｐ＜００５）;泛酸提高种蛋的受精率和孵化率（Ｐ＜００５）,对降低胚胎后期死亡率有明显的作用。     

Response of in ovo administration of zinc on egg hatchability and immune response of commercial broiler chicken

An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of in ovo administration of different forms of zinc with respect to hatchability and performance of commercial broiler chicken. In trial 1, the fertile eggs on day 18 were divided into six treatment groups: Group I as control without any supplementation of zinc, group II to IV were supplemented with 0.5 mg zinc per egg as zinc sulphate, zinc methionine or nano zinc, respectively, and Group V with nano zinc at 0.25 mg zinc per egg. Sixth group received 0.5 ml citric acid per egg as sham control. The results of the first trial indicated that in ovo administration of nano zinc at both levels and zinc methionine resulted in complete failure of hatchability. A second trial to validate the result of trial 1 consisted of Group I control (no administration). Group II and Group III were supplemented with zinc sulphate and zinc methionine, respectively, at 0.5 mg zinc per egg. Group IV and Group V were supplemented with nano zinc at 0.04 and 0.08 mg per egg. In the second trial, again there was a similar pattern for zinc sulphate and zinc methionine. Administration of Zn by nano form had around 80% hatchability on fertile eggs in comparison with the unadministered control eggs (92%). There was no difference (p > .05) in body weight gain, feed intake and FCR. No difference (p > .05) was observed between treatments for cell‐mediated immune response and humoral immune response. Nano Zn‐administered group showed a non‐significant downregulation of MUC2 gene. It could be concluded that in ovo administration of higher levels of zinc has to be with caution for the developing embryo of commercial broiler chicken.     

蛋重对肉杂鸡种蛋孵化效果的影响

将肉杂种蛋按蛋重大小分为7组,在相同条件下孵化。结果表明,蛋重对受精率和早期死胚率无显著影响(P>0.05),Ⅵ、Ⅶ组中后期死胚率显著升高(P<0.05);孵化至18天,Ⅰ组的相对失重显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ组的相对失重差异不显著(P>0.05),Ⅶ组的相对失重显著低于其它各组(P<0.05);蛋重为58.1g～66.0g时,受精蛋孵化率和入孵蛋孵化率最高,分别为92.41%～97.16%和88.00%～91.33%;雏鸡初生重随蛋重的增加而显著增大,呈强正相关(r=0.98)。     

响应面法分析光照强度与盐度对卤虫休眠卵孵化率的联合效应

为了探明光照强度（L）与盐度（S）对卤虫（Artemia）休眠卵孵化率的联合影响,采用中心复合设计试验设计方案进行响应面分析,寻找最适的条件组合,并对预测的条件组合进行验证。结果表明,在该试验条件下,光照强度与盐度的一次效应、二次效应对孵化率均有极显著影响（ P ﹤0.01）,两者的交互效应无显著影响（ P ﹥0.05）,随着光照强度或盐度的上升,孵化率呈先升后降的变化趋势。孵化率对实际自变量 L 和 S 的二次多元回归方程的拟合程度高,可用于预测。光照强度2134.02 lx、盐度31.57 g·L -1为最适组合条件,在此最佳因子组合下卤虫休眠卵的孵化率达到最优,为29.86％,其可靠性达到0.983。对该组合条件进行结果验证,数据表明验证结果与预测值相符。建议该品系卤虫休眠卵在该研究得到最优的光照强度-盐度下进行孵化,以提高孵化效果。     

冷藏时间对两广二号越年种孵化率影响试验初报

为探索两广二号蚕种冷藏期限问题,2018—2019年进行了冷藏时间、繁育期对两广二号越年种孵化率的影响试验。试验表明:冷藏时间与两广二号孵化率呈极显著负相关,与皓月×菁松孵化率相关不显著;两广二号不同繁育期、冷藏时间及二者交互作用的孵化率差异极显著;两广二号春制越年种冷藏安全期为111 d,秋制种冷藏安全期为162 d。     

蛋鸡饲料利用率和孵化率的杂种优势

本文报道了蛋鸡饲料利用率及其相关性状和孵化率的杂种优势。材料来源于一个正反反复选择饲料利用率的试验,8个世代共有蛋鸡13408只。试验组(括弧里为对照组)各性状的平均杂种优势分别为:饲料利用率-2.0％ (-0.8％)、饲料消耗量2.9％(3.0％)、产蛋量4.5％(3.6％)、产蛋率2.9％(3.1)、蛋重1.9％(0.8％)、试验期初体重3.7％ (4.5％)、试验期末体重4.3％(5.0％)、受精率2.1％(-0.2％)、受精蛋孵化率15.0％ (4.5％)和入孵蛋孵化率10.2％(7.6％)。正反交组合的杂种优势不同,这可能是由性连锁导致的。     

蚕卵不同部位的粘附效果研究

[目的]研究散卵蚕种再固定时不同部位粘附对蚕卵孵化率和72小时绝食生命率的影响。[方法]人工控制将蚕卵立式粘附与平式粘附,并与一般散卵蚕种进行孵化率和72小时绝食生命率比较。[结果]立式粘附和平式粘附与一般散卵蚕种的孵化率和72小时绝食生命率虽有差异,但不影响实际生产。[结论]该研究为散卵蚕种改制平附蚕种提供了孵化率与72小时绝食生命率的影响依据,利于生产推广。     

Comparison of hatchability and some egg quality characteristics in spotted and unspotted partridge (Alectoris chukar) eggs

The current research was conducted to determine the comparison of hatchability and some egg quality characteristics in spotted and unspotted partridge (Alectoris chukar) eggs. The research was carried out on 51 male and 102 female chukar partridges (Alectoris chukar) aged 50 wk, which were raised at the Research and Application Farm of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Selcuk University. In total, 244 spotted and 261 unspotted eggs were used in the research. The hatching eggs were stored at 75% RH and 13°C for 14 d. Thirty spotted and 30 unspotted eggs laid on the same day were used for the evaluation of egg quality characteristics. Egg weight, chick weight, egg weight loss during the hatching period, shape index, hatchability, and some egg quality characteristics were evaluated at the end of the research. Spotted eggs exhibited a higher fertility and hatchability, as well as a lower percentage egg weight loss and embryonic mortality when compared with unspotted eggs. No significant differences were observed between spotted and unspotted eggs for egg weight, chick weight, shape index, specific gravity, albumen height, Haugh unit, yolk color green-red chromaticity (a*), albumen pH, and yolk pH. Spotted eggs had higher eggshell color a*, eggshell color blue-yellow chromaticity (b*), and eggshell strength, as well as a lower eggshell color light-dark chromaticity (L*), yolk color L*, and yolk color b* scores when compared with unspotted eggs. It was demonstrated that spots on the eggshells of chukar partridges (Alectoris chukar) improved their hatchability by affecting various quality characteristics of their eggs. It was concluded that spotted eggs are more suitable for hatching.     

不同剂量的维生素E对产蛋后期蛋种鸡繁殖性能的影响

此试验选择50周龄海兰褐父母代种母鸡452只,公鸡18只,随机分为6组。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮上分别添加维生素E501U／kg、1001U／kg、175IU／kg、2501U／kg、5251U／kg。结果表明：①对照组产蛋率与试验Ⅰ、Ⅴ组差异不显著（P〉0．05）,与其他各组差异显著（P〈0．05）;试验Ⅰ组和Ⅴ组料蛋比分别比对照组提高了2．54％、1．0％,试验Ⅱ,Ⅲ、Ⅳ组分别比对照组降低了15．48％、7．97％、19．25％,试验Ⅳ料蛋比最低。试验各组的平均采食量与对照组差异均不显著（P〉0．05）;②试验Ⅰ组与其他各组差异显著（P〈0．05）,试验其他组间差异不显著（P〉0．05）;试验各组种鸡产蛋后期入孵蛋孵化率、受精蛋孵化率、死胎率与对照组相比差异不显著（P〉0．05）;⑤种鸡产蛋后期种蛋合格率试验Ⅱ、Ⅴ与其他各组差异显著（P〈0．05）;试验Ⅱ组破软蛋率与其他各组相比差异显著（P〈0．05）,其他各组间差异不显著（P〉0．05）;试验各组畸形蛋率差异不显著（P〉0．05）。