西昌白皮洋葱品种春播秋收栽培试验

在3个不同的播期对中日照白皮洋葱品种12C1进行栽培对比试验.试验结果表明,中日照白皮洋葱品种12C1适宜在西昌春播秋收,最适播种期为1月19日,最适收获期为8月14日.     

Criteria and guidance considerations for sustainable tree stump harvesting in British Columbia

Abstract

Stump extraction for forest health has been carried out operationally in British Columbia (BC) for many years. Emerging bioenergy opportunities plus the anticipated need for more fibre because of reductions in timber supply may increase interest in stump harvesting, but there are numerous environmental, economic and policy barriers that must be overcome first before industrial-scale stump harvesting can be seriously considered in BC. The potential for a future change in practice provides an opportunity to learn from the existing literature and identify knowledge gaps. In this article we review the available literature on stump harvesting from the European Union within the context of BC's forests, economy, biodiversity, environment and policies. We provide recommendations on how the government of BC could move forward if they decide to enable stump harvesting for fibre and bioenergy, including assessment of net economic and carbon benefits and environmental effects, improvements in inventory and the scientific knowledge base needed to support policy and guidance, and investigation of operational enhancements.     

Costs for thinning and final felling operations in Sweden, 2000–2017

ABSTRACT

Wood supply is one of the most significant cost items for most forest industries, and costs of forest operations and sale prices of wood is vital information for forest owners. Cost trends between 2000 and 2017 in Swedish forestry is analysed, separately for final felling and thinning, and subdivided into ordinary and salvage operations. Data on costs for operations totalling 821 million m³ harvested roundwood were analysed, both as actual costs and after adjustment for the consumer price index. Adjusted costs for ordinary harvesting operations declined between 2000 and 2007, increased during 2008 and 2009 and have since been relatively constant. Costs of salvage logging operations performed as thinning were 21% higher than ordinary thinning, and when performed as final felling costs were 64% higher than in ordinary final felling. The relative logging cost trends in Sweden and Finland were similar during the period, and there are similarities with the US. However, while logging costs in Sweden and Finland increased in 2008 and 2009, they declined in the US and did not reach the same relative level as in Sweden until 2013. Results can be used for benchmarking logging costs between regions or larger buyers of logging services.     

佳县红枣产业发展现状及其市场定位分析

针对红枣产业发展现状和出现的问题,分析了佳县红枣产业发展前景及市场定位,提出了开发红枣药用价值,促进产业结构优化,打造佳县红枣品牌,开展品牌营销战略等一系列措施,以促进红枣产业的科学化发展。     

Effects of single-tree selection harvesting on hymenopteran and saproxylic insect assemblages in the canopy and understory of northern temperate forests

Insects respond to changes in microhabitat caused by canopy disturbance, and thus can be used to examine the ecological impacts of harvesting. Single-tree selection harvesting is the most common silvicultural system used to emulate local small-scale natural disturbance and maintain uneven-aged forest structure in temperate forests. Here, we test for differences in richness, abundance, and composition of hymenopteran and saproxylic insect assemblages at four different taxon levels (selected insect orders; and all hymenopteran families, and braconid subfamilies and morphospecies) between the canopy and understory of unharvested and single-tree selection harvested sites in a northern temperate forest from central Canada. Harvesting had no effect on insect assemblage richness, composition or abundance at the three highest taxon levels (order, family and subfamily). Similarly, richness and abundance at the lowest-taxon level (braconid morphospecies) were similar, although composition differed slightly between unharvested and harvested stands. Insect assemblages were vertically stratified, with generally higher abundance (for Diptera, Hymenoptera, some hymenopteran families and braconid subfamilies) and richness (for braconid morphospecies) in the understory than the canopy. In particular, composition of the braconid morphospecies assemblage showed relatively low similarity between the understory and canopy. Single-tree selection harvesting appears to influ-ence wood-associated insect taxa only subtly through small changes in community composition at the lowest taxon level, and thus is recommended as a conservative approach for managing these northern temperate forests.     

品种、密度及播种期对烟后玉米产量的影响

为探讨普洱烟后玉米获得高产的最佳种植模式,进行了烟后玉米不同品种、不同密度和不同播种期的试验研究,结果表明最佳种植模式为：种植玉米杂交种品种甘优1790,密度60000株／hm2,8月10日前播种。     

Oil yield and quality variation between sexes in Osyris lanceolata (African sandalwood) and its value as a fodder plant in Tanzania

African sandalwood (Osyris lanceolata) is widely harvested in East Africa for extraction of oil, which is used in the fragrance and perfumery industry. Over the years, harvesting of the species has been concentrated to female plants because it is claimed that they yield more and better quality oil compared to males. However, data to support these claims is lacking. Osyris lanceolata is also used extensively by pastoralists as feed supplement during the dry season, yet little information on the species’ nutritive value exists. Oil yield and quality variations between male and female O. lanceolata and its nutritive values were evaluated to ascertain the purported reasons for sex selectivity in harvesting, and to determine the potential value of the species as a fodder plant. Oil yield was determined by extracting oil from a known amount of wood, while quality assessment was done by determining the amount of santalol, a prime determinant of sandalwood oil quality. The species’ potential as a fodder plant was determined by analyzing the nutritive value and digestibility of leaves and fruits. There was no significant variation (p = 0.856) in oil yield between sexes, though populations differed significantly (P < 0.001). The highest oil yield was 9.32 ± 0.611%. Likewise, sexes did not differ significantly (P = 0.655) in oil quality, though populations differed significantly (P < 0.001). The highest santalol content was 11.1%. It is concluded that sex selectivity during harvesting has no relation to oil yield and quality. However, population selectivity is strongly justified due to the huge variation in oil yield and quality, and is likely to be the major reason for over-exploiting some populations. It is recommended that there is a need to refrain from overharvesting of females within populations, since the practice is likely to erode the genetic vigour of the species and affect its sustainability. Nutritive studies revealed the species to have 15.9–19.7% crude protein, 15.9–24.0% crude fibre, 0.77–0.81% fat/oil, 97.5–97.8% dry matter, 8.5–10.3% ash content, 72.2–72.4% digestibility. These figures are within the acceptable range, suggesting that both leaves and fruits of the species are a potential alternative source of animal protein where protein supplements are not available or expensive.     

Track Counts as a Means of Estimating Population Densities of Bushbuck

Counts of bushbuck tracks were used to estimate their population densities. Good correlations were obtained between various indices of track frequency and estimated absolute population density. The technique is therefore recommended for assessing the absolute density of a population. High sampling costs, however, disqualify the technique for detecting small changes in density.     

The effect of stocking rate and calving date on grass production,utilization and nutritive value of the sward during the grazing season

A 2‐year whole‐farm system study compared the accumulation, utilization and nutritive value of grass in spring‐calving grass‐based systems differing in stocking rate (SR) and calving date (CD). Six treatments (systems) were compared over two complete grazing seasons. Stocking rates used in the study were low (2·5 cows ha^?1), medium (2·9 cows ha^?1) and high (3·3 cows ha^?1), respectively, and mean CDs were 12 February (early) and 25 February (late). Each system had its own farmlet of eighteen paddocks and one herd that remained on the same farmlet area for the duration of the study. Stocking rate had a small effect on total herbage accumulation (11 860 kg DM ha^?1 year^?1), but had no effect on total herbage utilization (11 700 kg DM ha^?1 year^?1). Milk and milk solids (MS; fat + protein) production per ha increased by 2580 and 196 kg ha^?1 as SR increased from 2·5 to 3·3 cows ha^?1. Milk production per ha and net herbage accumulation and utilization were unaffected by CD. Winter feed production was reduced as SR increased. Increased SR, associated with increased grazing severity, resulted in swards of increased leaf content and nutritive value. The results indicate that, although associated with increased milk production per ha, grazed grass utilization and improved sward nutritive value, the potential benefits of increased SR on Irish dairy farms can only be realized if the average level of herbage production and utilization is increased.     

西湖龙井茶开采期影响因子及预报模型

基于西湖龙井茶主栽品种（龙井43和龙井群体种）开采期及气象资料,应用积温和逐步回归方法,分别构建西湖龙井茶的积温预报模型和逐步回归预报模型,并利用多元线性回归方法,对两个模型的预报结果进行集成,构建集合预报模型。结果表明：积温预报模型、逐步回归预报模型、集成预报模型均通过0.01水平的显著性检验;龙井43和龙井群体种的积温预报模型回代检验平均绝对误差（MAE）分别为3.6d和2.8d,2a试预报MAE分别为2.5d和1.0d;逐步回归预报模型的回代检验MAE分别为0.9d和1.4d,2a试预报MAE分别为1.6d和0.8d;集成预报模型的回代检验MAE分别为0.7d和1.1d,2a试预报MAE分别为1.3d和0.8d。3种预报模型对西湖龙井茶开采期预报均具有应用价值,集成预报模型较积温预报模型和逐步回归预报模型的预报效果更理想,具有实际生产指导作用。