Effects of irrigation and fertilizer application methods on Dianthus ‘Telstar™ White’ and ‘Telstar™ Red’

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of fertilizer and irrigation application methods on plant quality of Dianthus ‘Telstar? White’ and ‘Telstar? Red’ grown in the greenhouse. Fertilizer treatments of 0, 10, and 20 g of 16 nitrogen (N)-3.9 phosphorus (P)-10 potassium (K) controlled release fertilizer were topdressed or incorporated. Pots were drip irrigated or hand watered. Irrigation interacted with treatment (P = 0.037) and irrigation interacted with cultivar (P = 0.013) for plant survival. Plant survival was greater for both irrigation treatments using 10 g of fertilizer incorporated. Fewer ‘Telstar? Red’ plants survived with hand irrigation than drip irrigation. ‘Telstar? White’ plants averaged 53% survival regardless of irrigation method. For all treatments drip irrigated plants had greater height, width, and number of flowers than hand watered plants. For fall greenhouse production of dianthus, irrigation and fertilizer application method, cultivar, as well as leaching fraction should be considered.     

Breaking seed dormancy in Cupressus atlantica Gaussen, an endemic and threatened coniferous tree in Morocco

Cupressus atlantica Gaussen (Cupressaceae) is an endemic and endangered coniferous tree geographically restricted to the N’Fis valley in South-Western Morocco. Like many forest species, C. atlantica exhibits dormancy which delays and reduces germination. To improveseed germination, different pre-treatments were conducted on C.atlantica seeds after storage for different periods (one, two and five years) including: scarification with sandy paper; soaking seeds in hot distilled water at 60℃and 80℃for 15 min and soaking seeds for 48 h in agibberellic acid (GA3) at 1,000 and 2,000 mg·L-1. Results showed that scarification with sandy paper increased the germination rate of Atlas cypress by up to 67%, indicating that the species possess essentially anexogenous dormancy (physical dormancy) due to the hard seed coat(hardseededness). Exogenous application of gibberellic acid (GA3) at1,000 mg·L-1 was also effective in breaking seed dormancy and germination induction. These two treatments induced faster speed germination expressed by low number of days to first germination (8 10days) and low values of mean germination times (MGT). However,germination rate, under any treatment, is greatly dependent on the year of seed collection. Seeds collected in year 2004 gave the highest value,suggesting that even after five years of storage, the germination capacity of C. atlantica seeds could remain high. This observation is very interesting in the exsitu conservation of such endemic and endangered species where the production of seeds is irregular over the years.     

名优茶采摘机器人路径规划

提出一种直角坐标系双机械手名优茶采摘机器人。采用积分求和方法,按茶叶个数相等原则将采摘区域按左右两矩形区分配给2个机械手。使用蚁群算法进行机械手的采摘路径规划。以总采摘区域的路径半程作为目标,分别进行了2区和将2区再划分为4区的采摘路径规划和优化。为避免采摘过程中2个机械手的干涉,将每个机械手采摘区域分为2区,并约束各运动路径左下角处茶叶为采摘起点。计算结果表明,使每个机械手按"M"型路线采摘,具有较好效果。改变自适应调节信息素浓度值和迭代终止条件,可改善基本蚁群算法搜索时间较长和易陷入局部最优的缺陷,并提高全局搜索能力和计算效率。仿真结果表明提出的采摘策略和规划路径可提高名优茶采摘效率。     

Awnless barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) response to hand weeding and 2,4‐D application at two growth stages under Mediterranean environment*

A field study was conducted to determine the response of two awnless barley genotypes (JF//Barsoy/Ri and VA 92‐42‐46) to hand weeding (practised monthly during the growing seasons) and 2,4‐D application at different growth stages during the rainy seasons of 1999 and 2000 at Houfa in northern Jordan. JF//Barsoy/Ri gave significantly higher grain yield than VA 92‐42‐46; 820 and 923 kg ha^?1 during 1999 and 2000, respectively. Differences in weed number and fresh weight were significant among various treatments in both seasons. In both growing seasons, yield reductions occurred when 2,4‐D was applied to barley at the stage 11–18 of BBCH scale (leaves 1 to 8 unfolded) and the stage 22–28 (2–8 tillers detectable). Hand weeding proved the best weed control and was more effective than 2,4‐D applications.     

胼胝体脑梗死1例临床分析

目的分析胼胝体脑梗死临床表现的特点,加强并提高临床医师对失用症的认识.方法对2009年6月入院的1例胼胝体梗死患者的临床表现进行回顾性研究.结果临床表现主要为偏瘫、观念运动性失用.结论胼胝体梗死患者的临床表现复杂多样,观念运动性失用可以为胼胝体脑梗死的主要表现,前型异手综合征也可表现为双手的镜像运动.     

基于心率和喷水效率的森林灭火手泵性能评价

森林灭火手泵的人机操作界面的优化设计极为重要,该文针对普遍应用的国内外3款典型手泵产品,从心率、喷水效率、主观评价等方面进行了性能评价。方差分析表明:手泵类型、握持姿势、喷水频率对心率的影响很显著,美国产手泵（S1）作业时的心率增加比率最大,加拿大产手泵（S3）最小。在背负手泵水箱（袋）步行时,S1水箱携带时的心率增加比率最大,中国产手泵(S2)水袋携带时最小。S3的喷水速率最大,S1最小;S1的射程最大,S2最小。主观评价结果表明S3最优,S1最差。综合分析上述结论认为,针对现有3款手泵,S3的水枪和S2的水袋相组合是最佳的组合模式。      

手持式超站仪摄影测量研建材积模型

精准快速测量立木胸径、树高、材积等基本信息一直是林业调查探索的热点问题。手持式超站仪作为目前市场上较为常见的一款新型森林资源计测仪器,具有无损、高精度、便携、易操作等特点。为获得精准材积模型,解决辽阳地区一元、二元材积表编制问题,提出一种利用手持式超站仪测量研建立木材积模型的方法。手持式超站仪以辽阳当地主要树种樟子松、油松、落叶松、柞树、刺槐、硬阔、软阔、速生杨树、中生杨树、慢生杨树为研究对象,采用手持式超站仪进行立木无损精测获取树高、胸径、材积数据,建立10个树种的一元立木材积模型、二元立木材积模型和树高胸径模型,并通过6项指标对所得模型进行评价。结果表明：10个树种模型中除樟子松外平均系统误差与总相对误差中均保持在3%内,一元材积模型与二元材积模型的决定系数除樟子松外均保持在90%以上,一元材积模型与树高胸径模型的平均百分比标准差除软阔外均取得良好拟合效果。总体来看,一元材积模型、二元材积模型、树高胸径模型均取得良好拟合效果,该方法可用于野外森林资源调查与立木材积模型研建等。     

基于滑块摇杆机构的柔性三指机器人手爪研究

多指机器人手爪普遍存在指端作用力弱的问题,柔性机器人手爪也出现末端作用力不足的现象,采用气压驱动的软体手爪虽驱动力增强,但不利于手爪控制的准确性,为此,设计了一种基于滑块摇杆机构的柔性三指机器人手爪。该手爪每根手指的指尖、指中节采用滑块摇杆机构实现,不仅增强了指端作用力,而且结构简单、易实现。为避免手指与目标物的刚性接触,手指尖、指根运动均通过弹簧来实现手爪的柔性;指尖驱动弹簧设计得较软,有利于初始接触的柔性;指根采用腱传动方式,指根腱采用较硬的弹簧来传递舵机扭力,可保证足够的作用力;手指表面均设计有较平的表面,有利于粘贴触觉传感器。通过理论分析与计算,证明指尖可获得较大的作用力,并分析了弹簧的选取方法。通过抓取实验证明本文设计的机器人手爪具有较好的适应性和抓取能力;与本课题组前期设计的钢丝绳耦合欠驱动式机器人手爪进行了抓取力对比测试,结果表明,手爪的抓取力有了很大提升,最大抓取质量达1.71kg;通过测试指端正压力与驱动舵机旋转角的关系以及抓取典型目标物的损伤情况,证明了设计的手爪具有一定柔性。有关性能实验证明了设计的手爪具有较好的实用性。     

新疆冬小麦谷蛋白亚基组成及其与新疆拉面加工品质的关系

为给新疆冬小麦品质育种提供参考依据,选取109份新疆冬小麦品种(系),研究了其麦谷蛋白亚基组成及其与新疆拉面加工品质的关系.结果表明,新疆冬小麦品种(系)麦谷蛋白亚基以N、7+8、2+12、Glu-A3c、Glu-B3a和Glu-B3j为主,在其各自位点的分布频率分别为40.37％、51.38％、54.13％、63.30％、20.18％和22.02％.籽粒蛋白质平均含量和湿面筋平均含量分别为15.38％和33.18％,变异系数较小,分别为6.70％和6.33％;沉淀值和8min宽度变异系数较大,分别为22.85％和61.27％.就单个亚基对新疆拉面加工品质的贡献而言,Glu-A1位点,l＞2*＞N;Glu-B1位点,7+8＞6+8＞7+9;Glu-D1位点,5+10＞2+12;Glu-B3位点,Glu-B3g＞ Glu-B3a＞Glu-B3i＞Glu-B3d＞ Glu-B3j;合有1、7+8、5+10和Glu-A3c亚基的品种(系)在拉面评价中具有较高得分.在新疆拉面专用品种选育时,应避免亲本含有N、6+8和Glu-B3j等亚基的使用.