安格斯妊娠母牛异食行为的营养代谢异常及其与肠道菌群相关性研究

牛异食行为(PICA)是以舔食、啃咬一些无营养价值异物为特征的一种异常行为,大多研究认为,PICA是因某些营养素紊乱和生活环境受限所致.业已证明,肠道菌群与宿主营养代谢关系密切,肠道菌群-肠-脑(micro-biota-gut-brain,MGB)轴与动物行为之间的相关性研究日益被揭示.但PICA牛的营养代谢物变化与其...     

益生菌对类风湿关节炎的改善作用研究进展

类风湿关节炎是一种威胁全球人类健康的自身免疫性疾病,肠道菌群的平衡与类风湿关节炎密切相关。由于益生菌在改善肠道菌群紊乱、恢复正常肠道菌群中发挥重要作用,因此给益生菌治疗类风湿关节炎提供了可能。本文综述类风湿关节炎病因、机制及患者肠道菌群的变化,总结近年来益生菌在治疗类风湿关节炎中的研究现状,为进一步临床试验和今后的应用提供依据。     

育肥猪粪便菌群结构及其与生长速度的相关性分析

【目的】 研究育肥猪的生长速度与粪便微生物之间的作用关系,寻找与猪生长速度相关的微生物菌群。【方法】 选取50头出生重相近的仔猪,在相同饲养环境中进行饲养管理,生病猪及时转出试验组,125日龄时按体重由高到低排序,把体重最高和最低的4头猪分别分为体重高（51.30 kg±2.57 kg,HW）、低（36.90 kg±2.50 kg,LW）组,通过16S rRNA测序,对125日龄生长育肥猪的粪便微生物区系多样性、群落组成及与生长速度的关联性进行分析。【结果】 Alpha多样性分析显示,两组间均无显著差异（P>0.05）。主成分分析结果显示,HW和LW组中能够明显区分菌群结构。粪便微生物结构组成分析表明,HW和LW组的优势菌门均为厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门和螺旋体门,优势菌属为密螺旋体属、乳杆菌属、链球菌属和未被培养菌属Muribaculaceae菌。LW组中拟杆菌门丰度极显著高于HW组（P<0.01）,纤维杆菌门丰度显著高于HW组（P<0.05）,而髌骨细菌门丰度显著低于HW组（P<0.05）。对粪便微生物结构组成进行差异分析发现,HW组检测到16个特有菌门,LW组检测到1个特有菌门和24个特有菌属。将肠道菌群与生长速度进行相关性分析,共发现10个菌门,18个属与体重（BW）和平均日增重（ADG）呈正相关,7个菌门和12个属与BW和ADG呈负相关。【结论】 相同日龄不同生长速度的猪粪便微生物的区系结构存在显著差异,差异菌群可能对猪的生长速度起到了一定的调控作用,本研究结果为研发益生菌和提高猪生长速度提供了参考依据。     

Regression tree analysis of the relationship between the concentrations of antimicrobial components and the microbiota of normal milk from dairy cows

The purpose of this study was to determine the concentrations of antimicrobial components (immunoglobulin A (IgA), lactoferrin (LF), lingual antimicrobial peptide (LAP), and S100A7) in normal milk and their relation to host factors (Age, somatic cell count (SCC), days in milk, richness, and alpha diversity of the milk microbiota) in dairy cows using multivariate regression tree analyses, and to clarify how the milk microbiota is related to the obtained results. Thirty normal milk samples were collected from a commercial dairy farm in June 2020. The thresholds that predicted the concentration of each antimicrobial component in milk were obtained by regression tree analysis, and the beta-diversity of the milk microbiota composition between groups divided according to each threshold was compared by an analysis of similarities test. The IgA and LF concentrations were mainly predicted by the SCC (177,500 and 70,000 cells/ml, respectively), and the LAP and S100A7 concentrations were predicted by Age (29.667 and 40.3 months, respectively). No relationship was observed between the concentration of IgA, LAP, or S100A7 and the milk microbiota composition between the groups divided by the threshold for prediction, but the milk microbiota composition was significantly different between the groups divided by the threshold for predicting the LF concentration. Our results indicated that the LF concentration in normal milk may be associated with the milk microbiota composition.     

Effects of different diets on viability, and gut morphology and bacteriology in captive willow ptarmigan chicks (Lagopus L. lagopus)

Young willow ptarmigan chicks were fed an artificial chick diet (ACD), and different supplements. One group got ascorbic acid supplements, another neomycin and Oxytetracyclin in the water, and a third was given ascorbic acid and sprouts of Vaccinium myrtillus. Chicks that were fed ACD only, showed low weight gain and high mortality rate. The numbers of bacteria in the gut were high and the incidence of villous epithelium erosion and bacteria colonizing the gut epithelium were high.Admixture of ascorbic acid to the diet improved the viability of the chicks and reduced the number of coliforms in the gut.Antibiotics in the water reduced the number of C. perfringens, enterococci and coliforms in the gut, and improved the gut epithelium conditions.Combined supplements of ascorbic acid and Vaccinium myrtillus resulted in strongly viable chicks with healthy gut epithelium. C. perfringens was not demonstrated in the gut, and the numbers of enterococci and coliforms were low.     

Effect of 2‐hydroxy‐4‐(methylthio) butanoic acid and acidifier on the performance,chyme pH,and microbiota of broilers

This study was aimed to explore the comparative acidifying properties of 2‐hydroxy‐4‐(methylthio) butanoic acid (HMTBA) and a combination of DL‐methionine (DLM) and acidifier in male broiler production. A total of 480 1‐day‐old broiler chicks were randomly divided into four treatments: A (low HMTBA, 0.057% HMTBA); B (low acidifier, 0.05% DLM + 0.057% acidifier); C (high HMTBA, 0.284% HMTBA); and D (high acidifier, 0.25% DLM + 0.284% acidifier). At 21 d, growth performance, chyme pH, digestive enzyme activities, and intestinal microflora were measured. The pH of crop, gizzard, and ileum contents was higher in the HMTBA treatment group than in DLM + acidifier treatment group. Furthermore, acidifier supplementation promoted growth of butyrate‐producing bacteria such as Faecalibacterium, whereas high HMTBA (0.284%) inhibited the proliferation of acid‐producing bacteria including Roseburia and Collinsella. The chymotrypsin activity was lower in the HMTBA group than in the DLM + acidifier group. In contrast, high‐level HMTBA group showed higher average daily gain and average daily feed intake than the DLM + acidifier group. These results suggested that HMTBA work through different pathways with DLM plus acidifier.     

Effects of Compound Plant Nutrients on Rumen Fermentation Parameters,Rumen Microbiota and Fatty Acid Composition of Longissimus dorsi Muscle in Finishing Small Tail Han Sheep北大核心CSCD

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of compound p1ant nutrients (CPN) on rumen fermentation parameters, rumen microbiota and fatty acid composition of longissimus dorsi musc1e in finishing sma11 tai1 Han sheep. Sixteen 4-month-o1d finishing sma11 tai1 Han sheep with an initia1 body weight (BW) of (24.18±0.31) kg were random1y divided into two groups, name1y, with 8 rep1icates per group and 1 sheep per rep1icate. The sheep in the contro1 group were fed a basa1 diet, whereas the sheep of the contro1 group (CPN group) was fed the basa1 diet supp1ementation with 3‰ CPN. The experiment 1asted for 97 days after 7 days adaption. The resu1ts showed as fo11ows: compared with the contro1 group, 1) adding CPN decreased the concentration of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) (P<0.05); 2) CPN supp1ementation affected beta diversity of rumen microbiota; 3) the re1ative abundance of Acidobacteriota, Erysipe1otrichaceae_UCG-002, Lactobacillus, and Megasphaera were enhanced by adding CPN (P<0.05), whereas, the re1ative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Prevotella was 1ower (P<0.05); 4) the supp1ementation of CPN had no significant effect on fatty acid composition of longissimus dorsi musc1e of fattening sma11-tai1ed Han sheep (P>0.05); 5) the contents of tota1 MUFA, C18:1n9c, C14:1, C16:1, C18:2n6c, C18:3n3 and n-3PUFA in the longissimus dorsi musc1e were corre1ated with the re1ative abundance of Megasphaera, Erysipe1otrichaceae_UCG-002, Succiniclasticum and Ruminococcus (P<0.05). In conc1usion, CPN can regu1ate the rumen microbiota structure and reduce the rumen NH3-N concentration of fattening sma11-tai1ed Han sheep. In production practice, CPN can be used as a rumen eco1ogica1 regu1ator. © 2023 Authors. All rights reserved.     

Effect of trehalose supplementation in milk replacer on the incidence of diarrhea and fecal microbiota in preweaned calves

Trehalose, a nonreducing disaccharide consisting of d-glucose with α,α-1,1 linkage, was evaluated as a functional material to improve the gut environment in preweaned calves. In experiment 1, 173 calves were divided into two groups; the trehalose group was fed trehalose at 30 g/animal/d with milk replacer during the suckling period, and the control group was fed nonsupplemented milk replacer. Medication frequency was lower in the trehalose group (P < 0.05). In experiment 2, calves (n = 20) were divided into two groups (control group [n = 10] and trehalose group [n = 10]) based on their body weight and reared under the same feeding regimens as in experiment 1. Fresh feces were collected from individual animals at the beginning of the trial (average age 11 d), 3 wk after trehalose feeding (experimental day 22), and 1 d before weaning, and the fecal score was recorded daily. Fecal samples were analyzed for fermentation parameters and microbiota. The fecal score was significantly lower in the trehalose group than in the control group in the early stage (at an age of 14 to 18 d; P < 0.05) of the suckling period. Calves fed trehalose tended to have a higher proportion of fecal butyrate on day 22 than calves in the control group (P = 0.08). Population sizes of Clostridium spp. were significantly lower (P = 0.036), whereas those of Dialister spp. and Eubacterium spp. tended to be higher in the feces of calves in the trehalose group on day 22 (P = 0.060 and P = 0.083). These observations indicate that trehalose feeding modulated the gut environment and partially contributed to the reduction in medication frequency observed in experiment 1.