Study on the hypoglycemic activities and metabolism of alcohol extract of Alismatis Rhizoma

The Alisma rhizoma is widely used in the therapy of diabetes in traditional folk medicine of China. Compositional analysis of the alcohol extract of Alismatis Rhizoma (AEA) revealed that the eight compounds gotten from AEA are all belonging to protostane-type triterpenes. The AEA and compounds were incubated with 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, glucose level in the 3T3-L1 adipocytes culture medium and lipid content in 3T3-L1 adipocytes were measured, and analysis of alpha-glucosidase inhibition of AEA and compounds. At the same time, the uptake of AEA by 3T3-L1 adipocytes and the metabolism of AEA in SD rats were analyzed by HPLC-ESI/MS. As result, AEA increased glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocyte model, not increase adipogenesis; AEA inhibited alpha-glucosidase activity; alisol A-24-aceate (8) was absorbed by 3T3-L1 adipocytes; and two compounds were detected in blood and three were detected in urine in SD rats. So AEA had protostane-type triterpenes, these type compounds in AEA may have hypoglycemic activity via inhibition of alpha-glucosidase activity and promotion of glucose uptake. In contrast to the anti-diabetic drug thiazolidinediones, they did not induce adipogenesis, avoiding the displeased effects of rosiglitazone.     

刺槐、木荷水浸液对马尾松幼苗生理活性的化感效应

用枯落物浸提液生物鉴定的方法,研究了刺槐、木荷对马尾松幼苗生理活性的化感影响。结果表明,两供体植物对受体光合色素含量和质膜相对透性的影响,总体表现为促进作用;对受体光合速率和蒸腾速率的影响,表现为抑制效应。供体木荷对氮、磷吸收的影响表现出低促高抑的作用趋势,对钾元素的吸收,均表现出一定的促进效应;而供体刺槐对氮、钾吸收的影响,则表现出高促低抑的作用趋势,对磷吸收的影响则相反。     

黄瓜生长素受体同源基因CsAFB和CsTIR在拟南芥中的转化与功能表达

植物生长素受体是生长素信号通路中的重要因子.基于前期克隆得到了黄瓜(Cucumis sativus)生长素受体同源基因生长素信号F-box蛋白基因(auxin signaling F box protein,CsAFB)和转运抑制响应基因(transport inhibitor response,CsTIR),为进一步证实和研究这2个基因的功能,本研究利用拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)Col-0野生型和生长素受体编码基因功能缺陷突变体tirl-1为材料,导入黄瓜生长素受体同源基因,获取纯合转基因系.检测发现,拟南芥突变体tirl-1转入CsAFB/TIR基因后根系发育、外源生长素敏感性和细胞伸长反应均恢复至野生型水平.检测发现,野生型拟南芥中过量表达黄瓜CsAFB/TIR,尤其是Cs TIR基因,植株主根伸长明显受抑,侧根数量剧增,子叶下卷,叶柄上翘,真叶叶缘向离轴面弯曲,顶端优势明显.本研究表明,CsAFB/TIR基因功能类似拟南芥TIR1基因,为黄瓜生长素受体同源基因;过量表达该类基因通过增加生长素受体数量、扩大生长素信号的方式参与调控植物生长发育;为进一步在黄瓜中研究生长素受体功能及作用机理提供理论依据.     

小麦转化受体体系的建立--小麦幼胚组织培养研究

建立了一个以小麦幼胚为转化受体,转化后快速成苗的体系.筛选出适合于不同小麦品种的愈伤组织诱导培养基MS+2mg·L-1 2,4-D+0.4mg·L-1 IAA+0.2mg·-1 KT,愈伤诱导率达94.87%～99.04%.幼胚接种后,暗处理与弱光、强光合理配置利于绿芽的快速形成,在分化培养基中添加2.0g·L-1活性炭或1mg·L-1多效唑利于小麦再生苗的正常生长,从而提高移栽成活率.     

猪生长抑素Ⅱ型受体基因(SSTR2)shRNA的构建与筛选

生长激素(GH)是调控动物生长的重要激素,GH分泌水平的高低主要受正性调控因子生长激素释放因子(GRF)和负性调控因子生长抑素(SS)的双向调节。SS通过生长抑素受体(somatostatin receptor,SSTR)发挥作用,减少GH的分泌水平。本研究设计了3条SSTR2的短发夹RNA(shRNA),构建猪(Sus scrofa)SSTR2真核表达质粒(pcDNA3.1(-)-SSTR2)和SSTR2慢病毒RNA干扰质粒(pshRNA-copGFP lentivector,LV-shRNA),并共转染中国仓鼠(Cricetulus griseus)卵巢细胞系(CHO),通过对转染细胞的荧光观察、Real-time PCR和酶联免疫法(ELISA)检测,结果表明,CHO转染细胞中猪SSTR2 mRNA表达水平不同程度的抑制,分别为90.4%、28.3%和86.3%,(P<0.05)。其中,LV-shRNA1表现出最高的沉默效率:转染效率在80%左右时,猪SSTR2mRNA水平沉默效率为90.4%,蛋白质水平降低了33.3%。本研究成功地筛选到了降低猪SSTR2基因表达的shRNA,为利用shRNA技术下调动物基因表达,构建转基因模型提供思路。     

基于多元统计学和地统计学的土壤重金属源解析

The main objectives of this study were to introduce an integrated method for effectively identifying soil heavy metal pollution sources and apportioning their contributions, and apply it to a case study. The method combines the principal component analysis/absolute principal component scores (PCA/APCS) receptor model and geostatistics. The case study was conducted in an area of 31 km² in the urban-rural transition zone of Wuhan, a metropolis of central China. 124 topsoil samples were collected for measuring the concentrations of eight heavy metal elements (Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni and Co). PCA results revealed that three major factors were responsible for soil heavy metal pollution, which were initially identified as “steel production”, “agronomic input” and “coal consumption”. The APCS technique, combined with multiple linear regression analysis, was then applied for source apportionment. Steel production appeared to be the main source for Ni, Co, Cd, Zn and Mn, agronomic input for Cu, and coal consumption for Pb and Cr. Geostatistical interpolation using ordinary kriging was finally used to map the spatial distributions of the contributions of pollution sources and further confirm the result interpretations. The introduced method appears to be an effective tool in soil pollution source apportionment and identification, and might provide valuable reference information for pollution control and environmental management.     

昌黎黄金海岸国家级自然保护区土地利用生态风险评价

根据2010年昌黎黄金海岸国家级自然保护区遥感影像图、实地调查及资料收集,应用相对风险模型(relative risk model,RRM)对保护区进行了生态风险评价.基于该模型的评价可得到一种相对风险关系,适用于区域内不同评价小区间生态风险程度比较.为比较保护区内各部分的相对风险关系,在风险评价过程中依据保护区功能分区,将生态风险小区确定为核心区、缓冲区、七里海实验区、滦河口实验区和赤洋口实验区,与此同时将人为开发引起生态压力的风险源确定为养殖用地、人工岸线、建筑用地、旅游人数、公路沟渠和农业用地,通过风险源、生境、风险暴露与生态受体响应模型的建立与数据计算,得到了5个生态风险小区和6类风险源各自的相对风险值.结果表明,3个实验区的生态风险值均较高,且高于缓冲区和核心区,不利于保护区生态环境协调平稳和可持续发展.养殖用地给保护区带来的生态风险压力最大,是保护区生态安全最主要的威胁因素.     

病毒受体研究技术进展

病毒受体是生物体内与病毒结合的受体分子,与病毒的感染密切相关.在病毒感染的过程中,受体起着至关重要的作用.因此,对病毒受体的研究是明确病毒致病机理的关键.论文简要介绍了几种传统的研究受体的方法,并对一些研究受体的新方法进行了重点介绍.     

转基因玉米研究进展

植物转基因技术开辟了作物遗传改良的新途径。转基因玉米是植物基因工程领域研究的热点之一。近年来,应用转基因技术已经获得抗虫、抗除草剂和其他有用性状的转基因玉米。在此,就玉米转基因在受体系统、目的基因及转化方法方面的研究成果,尤其是近年来玉米转基因研究方面存在的问题、解决途径以及其他类型玉米的转基因研究进展做了综述。