不同果肉类型番石榴果实香气比较

果实香气是重要的果实性状之一,利用顶空固相微萃取结合气相色谱质谱联用技术比较了红肉型耶四季桃爷和白肉型耶珍珠桃爷番石榴果实中的挥发性组分差异。在不同果肉类型的番石榴果实中检测到40种挥发性物质袁其中酯类物质种类最多,其次为醛类和醇类物质。红肉型耶四季桃爷番石榴果实挥发性物质种类要多于白肉型耶珍珠桃爷果实,尤其酯类物质的种类和相对含量均较白肉型果实高。白肉型番石榴果实中主要以醇醛类挥发性物质为主（84%）,而红肉型番石榴果实中醇醛类物质含量为69%,酯类物质相对含量为24.37%遥己醛和2原己烯醛为两种果肉类型番石榴果实中重要的醛类物质,乙酸-3-己烯酯则是重要的酯类物质。酯类挥发性物质在不同品种果实中相对含量的不同是导致果实香气类型不同的重要原因。     

番石榴发育期生物活性物质研究

番石榴风味独特,营养丰富。本研究以‘珍珠’番石榴和‘水晶’番石榴为试材,研究番石榴果皮和果肉中 生物活性物质含量及其与抗氧化能力关系。结果表明：番石榴果皮和果肉中,‘珍珠’番石榴的总酚、类黄酮、酚酸、 单宁含量均高于‘水晶’番石榴;番石榴的果皮和果肉发育过程中总酚、类黄酮、酚酸、叶绿素及类胡萝卜素含量均 呈下降趋势;番石榴果皮中生物活性物质含量高于果肉,且果皮抗氧化能力高于果肉;在生物活性物质与总抗氧化能 力的相关性方面,总酚含量相关性最高。本研究结果可为番石榴加工产品开发提供理论和实践基础。     

螺旋粉虱危害对番石榴光合作用的影响

测定番石榴植株受害后净光合速率的变化。结果表明,螺旋粉虱的危害降低了番石榴顶部功能叶片的净光合速率,螺旋粉虱分泌的蜜露,滋生大量的煤烟菌,形成厚厚的煤烟层,严重影响这些叶片的光合作用。     

Overcoming Fe deficiency in guava (Psidium guajava L.) by co-situs application of controlled release fertilizers

Abstract

Among micronutrient deficiencies, Fe deficiency is the most difficult nutritional disorder to prevent in the fruits of trees growing on calcareous soils. In this study, a pot experiment was carried out to evaluate the potential of co-situs application of controlled release fertilizers (CRF) in alleviating Fe deficiency and improving the growth of fruit trees growing on calcareous soil (pH 9.3). Guava (Psidium guajava L.) seedlings were used as test plants because of their sensitivity to Fe deficiency. Treatments consisted of the following: (1) broadcast application of readily soluble Fe, Zn, Cu, B and Mn fertilizers (Control) or (2) co-situs application of CRF containing N, P, K, Mg, Fe, Zn, B, Cu and Mn (Co-situs). For the Control treatment, CRF containing only N, P and K was used. Both treatments received the same amount of all nutrients. Plants were more chlorotic in young leaves under the Control treatment and the Fe content of young leaves was significantly (least significant difference [LSD_0.05]) higher under the Co-situs treatment. Dry matter production of shoots under the Co-situs treatment was 5.2-fold higher than under the Control treatment, and the total accumulations of macro and micronutrients were much higher under the Co-situs treatment than the Control treatment. Total accumulations of N, P, K, Ca and Mg were 5.0, 4.1, 9.6, 3.2 and 2.2-fold higher, respectively, under the Co-situs treatment compared with the Control treatment, and Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn accumulations were 3.2, 4.1, 6.0 and 3.7-fold higher, respectively. Iron deficiency in guava seedlings was successfully alleviated by the co-situs application of controlled fertilizer, proving the high potential of this method in alleviating Fe deficiency in fruit trees growing on calcareous soils.     

番石榴番花生产应用研究

该文论述在广西职业技术学院番石榴试验园进行促夏梢、番花,成功利用番花生产番花果的试验方法、措施、关键技术等,并对番花果果实的营养成分进行测定,分析其与正造果之间的差异。试验表明番花果生产的关键技术主要有三：一是抓住时机、科学修剪和用好促发夏梢、番花肥。二是合理留好正造果;三是做好番花果保花保果、水肥管理及果实套袋等。     

黄色粘虫板对番石榴园螺旋粉虱的诱捕试验

应用黄板诱集番石榴园中螺旋粉虱的成虫。结果表明：黄板以垂直悬挂在树冠中层外缘的南面诱集效果最佳,而黄板悬挂的高度以黄板的上端与树冠底部平行为最佳。     

Projecting the suitability of global and local habitats for myrtle rust (Austropuccinia psidii) using model consensus

Myrtle rust (caused by Austropuccinia psidii) affects more than 500 known host species in the Myrtaceae family. Three different modelling approaches (CLIMEX, MaxEnt and Multi-Model Framework) were used to project the habitat suitability for myrtle rust at both global and local scales. Current data on the global occurrence of myrtle rust were collected from online literature and expert solicitation. Long-term averages of climate data (1960–1990) were sourced from WorldClim and CliMond websites. Recent reports of myrtle rust in New Zealand were used for validation of model outputs but not in model training and testing. The model outputs were combined into a consensus model to identify localities projected to be suitable for myrtle rust according to two or three models (hotspots). In addition to the locations where the pathogen is currently present, all models successfully projected independent occurrence data in New Zealand suitable for establishment of the pathogen. Climate suitability for the pathogen was primarily related to temperature followed by rainfall in MaxEnt and the CLIMEX model. The results confirmed the optimum temperature range of this pathogen in the literature (15–25 °C). Additional analysis of the precipitation variables indicated that excessive rain (more than 2000 mm in warmest quarter of the year) combined with high temperatures (>30 °C) constrain pathogen establishment. The results of the current study can be useful for countries such as New Zealand, China, South Africa and Singapore where the pathogen has not fully spread or established.     

响应面法优化番石榴菠萝皮银耳茶果酱配方研究

以番石榴、菠萝皮为主要原料,银耳、茶、白砂糖为辅料,研制一款无防腐剂的复合果酱。采用感官评价方法,在单因素试验的基础上,以水茶质量比、番石榴浆与菠萝皮汁质量比、银耳添加量和白砂糖添加量4个因素为自变量,通过响应面优化试验确定果酱最优配方。结果表明,番石榴菠萝皮银耳茶果酱最佳配方为：茶汤（水与茶质量比40∶1）30 g,番石榴菠萝皮浆（番石榴浆与菠萝皮汁质量比25∶1）40 g,银耳浆22 g,白砂糖8 g。在此条件下制得的果酱质地均匀,酱体黏稠适度,番石榴和菠萝的复合果香浓郁,同时兼具红茶的清香,感官评分为（92.1±1.81）分,可溶性固形物含量为68.23%±0.97%。本研究明确了番石榴菠萝皮银耳茶果酱的制备工艺配方,为新型风味果酱的研发提供理论参考。     

广西玉林市番石榴焦腐病的病原菌鉴定

In October 2019, guava (Psidium guajava) fruits were collected from Yulin, Guangxi, after kept indoors for 2-3 days, brown lesions were found on the blossom-end of the fruits with water-soaked haloes around the lesions. A lot of needle tip-sized dots produced at the centre of the lesions, which were subglobose pycnidia, and the conidia were colorless and nearly fusiform. Single spore strains were obtained by isolation and purification, and YLWB-BD01 was selected as representative strain for pathogenicity assay. After wound inoculation, similar symptoms with natural occurrence appeared. The fungus had the same morphological characteristics with YLWB-BD01 was re-isolated from the lesions. BLAST analysis of ITS, EF-1α and β-Tub sequences of YLWB-BD01 shown 100% homology with Botryosphaeria dothidea (Moug.) Ces. & De Not. Phylogenetic tree constructed by the concatenated sequences of ITS～EF-1α～β-Tub sequences shown that the strain YLWB-BD01 was clustered together with B. dothidea (CMW8000). Based on the morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis results, the pathogenic fungus causing guava black-rot was identified as B. dothidea. To our knowledge, this is the first report of guava black-rot caused by B. dothidea in China.