棘孢木霉GYSW-6m1对草莓炭疽病的生防机制及其防病促生作用研究

探究棘孢木霉GYSW-6m1对草莓炭疽病的生防机制、盆栽防治效果及其促生作用,为筛选用于草莓炭疽病绿色防控的高效生防菌提供资源及应用技术。采用平皿培养法、显微镜观察法和盆栽灌根法测定了棘孢木霉GYSW-6m1对草莓炭疽病的生防机制、盆栽防效及其对草莓幼苗的促生效果。结果显示,棘孢木霉GYSW-6m1对草莓炭疽菌LC0220具有较强的竞争、抗生和重寄生作用,菌株GYSW-6m1能迅速占领营养空间,对峙培养3、5和7 d对病菌LC0220抑制率分别为68.06%、71.03%和79.03%,病菌LC0220在含有菌株GYSW-6m1发酵代谢产物平板上培养3、5和7 d抑菌率分别为79.18%、75.81%和76.13%,菌株GYSW-6m1挥发代谢物对病菌LC0220菌丝生长几乎没有抑制作用,菌株GYSW-6m1菌丝可通过接触、缠绕和穿透病菌LC0220的菌丝并引起菌丝消解断裂。菌株GYSW-6m1对草莓炭疽病具有较好的盆栽防治效果,处理LC0220+GYSW-6m1防效最显著,防效高达87.23%,处理GYSW-6m1（3 d）+LC0220和LC0220（3 d）+GYSW-6m1防效分别为52.72%和44.76%。棘孢木霉GYSW-6m1对草莓幼苗具有明显的促生效果,株高、根长、植株总鲜重和植株总干重均显著增加,促生率分别为7.96%、10.42%、22.54%和34.21%。棘孢木霉GYSW-6m1可以作为一种重要的生防资源用于草莓炭疽病的防治,具有一定的实用开发潜力。     

Optimization of plant growth-promoting bacteria-assisted phytostabilization of mine tailings

Recent studies have indicated that plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) can improve revegetation of arid mine tailings as measured by increased biomass production. The goals of the present study were first to evaluate how mode of application of known PGPB affects plant growth, and second to evaluate the effect of this inoculation on rhizosphere microbial community structure. PGPB application strategies investigated include preliminary surface sterilization of seeds (a common practice in phytoremediation trials) followed by a comparison of two application methods; immersion and alginate encapsulation. Results with two native desert plant species, Atriplex lentiformis and Buchloe dactyloides, suggest that seed surface sterilization prior to inoculation is not necessary to achieve beneficial effects of introduced PGPB. Both PGPB application techniques generally enhanced plant growth although results were both plant and PGPB specific. These results demonstrate that alginate encapsulation, which allows for long-term storage and easier application to seeds, is an effective way to inoculate PGPB. In addition, the influence of PGPB application on B. dactyloides rhizosphere community structure was evaluated using PCR-DGGE (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) analysis of bacterial DNA extracted from rhizosphere samples collected 75 d following planting. A comparative analysis of DGGE profiles was performed using canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). DGGE-CCA showed that rhizosphere community profiles from PGPB-inoculated treatments are significantly different from both uninoculated tailings rhizosphere profiles and profiles from the compost used to amend the tailings. Further, community profiles from B. dactyloides inoculated with the best performing PGPB (Arthro Mix) were significantly different from two other PGPB tested. These results suggest that introduced PGPB have the potential to influence the development of the rhizosphere community structure found in plants grown in mine tailings.     

琥珀酸黄杆菌促生机理及其对多年生黑麦草生长和抗逆性的生理调控作用

为探究琥珀酸黄杆菌(Flavobacterium succinicans)对非生物胁迫下多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenne)的缓解效应,本试验研究了菌株DSM4002的生物学特性,并在盆栽条件下,分析了干旱(维持相对含水量(30±5)％处理7 d和14 d)、低温(4℃处理3 d和7 d)和盐胁迫(150 mM...     

促生菌NK1诱导白菜幼苗对炭疽病抗性的研究

 以植物根围促生细菌NK1菌株为诱导因子,对其诱导白菜抗炭疽病进行了研究。结果表明：用菌株NK1灌根处理白菜幼苗后,叶片上病斑数及病斑面积较对照明显减少（P<0.05）,对炭疽病防效达68%。不同诱导方法诱抗效果呈显著性差异（P<0.05）,其中以种子处理+灌根处理方法的诱导效果最好。对菌株NK1诱导持效期的研究发现,诱抗效果以菌株NK1处理白菜植株后的第5 d接种白菜炭疽病菌时最好。此外,用菌株NK1灌根法处理白菜根部后,白菜根部与叶片组织中的几丁质酶和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶的活性较对照都明显升高（P<0.05）,表明菌株NK1能诱发白菜对炭疽病产生系统抗性。     

猪Ghrelin基因表达质粒构建及其促生长作用

通过RT-PCR获得猪Ghlelin基因cDNA片段,克隆入pcDNA3.1( )质粒中构建真核表达质粒pcDNA-pGhl,并将该质粒注射到大鼠和新西兰兔后腿肌肉中,以研究pGhlelin真核表达质粒对动物生长和血液相关激素分泌的影响。大鼠试验表明:pcDNA-pGhl在注射初期的1个月内有增加大鼠体重及在整个试验期有降低料重比的趋势。在注射质粒后第6天,试验组个体增重提高10.6%,差异显著;饲料转化率提高10%,差异极显著。新西兰兔试验表明:试验组血液GH水平一直高于对照组,且在注射后2周高出35%,同时随着GH浓度的增加,血液中SS的浓度相应升高。注射重组质粒pcDNA-sGhl有增加血浆GH和SS水平趋势。以上结果表明,Ghrelin基因真核表达质粒通过促进GH的分泌促进生长,但其促生长效能较短暂,可能是由于同时促进生长抑素分泌。     

Decreased nitrous oxide emissions associated with functional microbial genes under bio-organic fertilizer application in vegetable fields

Bio-organic fertilizers enriched with plant growth-promoting microbes(PGPMs)have been widely used in crop fields to promote plant growth and maintain soil microbiome functions.However,their potential effects on N₂O emissions are of increasing concern.In this study,an in situ measurement experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of organic fertilizer containing Trichoderma guizhouense(a plant growth-promoting fungus)on soil N₂O emissions from a greenhouse vegetable field.The following four treatments were used:no fertilizer(control),chemical fertilizer(NPK),organic fertilizer derived from cattle manure(O),and organic fertilizer containing T.guizhouense(O+T,referring to bio-organic fertilizer).The abundances of soil N cycling-related functional genes(amoA)from ammonium-oxidizing bacteria(AOB)and archaea(AOA),as well as nirS,nirK,and nosZ,were simultaneously determined using quantitative PCR(qPCR).Compared to the NPK plot,seasonal total N₂O emissions decreased by 11.7%and 18.7%in the O and O+T plots,respectively,which was attributed to lower NH₄⁺-N content and AOB amoA abundance in the O and O+T plots.The nosZ abundance was significantly greater in the O+T plot,whilst the AOB amoA abundance was significantly lower in the O+T plot than in the O plot.Relative to the organic fertilizer,bio-organic fertilizer application tended to decrease N₂O emissions by 7.9%and enhanced vegetable yield,resulting in a significant decrease in yield-scaled N₂O emissions.Overall,the results of this study suggested that,compared to organic and chemical fertilizers,bio-organic fertilizers containing PGPMs could benefit crop yield and mitigate N₂O emissions in vegetable fields.     

Identification and characterization of rhizobacteria isolated by enrichment culture on spinach roots

Rhizobacteria can be used for biological control and environmental restoration. In this study, we performed enrichment culture of rhizobacteria, identified isolates, and investigated the physiological properties of the bacterial isolates. Five bacteria differing in their colony morphology were isolated from spinach roots as enriched rhizobacteria. Four isolates were identified by sequencing of 16S rDNA as β and γ-Proteobacteria; 16S rDNA sequencing was not completed on one isolate. Based on microscopic observation, we determined that at least two types of bacteria differing in their morphology co-existed in this isolate, and that it may not be possible to culture the two types separately. Based on tests of substrate utilization, we could not find the characteristics that were common to the isolates. One of the five isolates was inoculated into non-sterile soil, and we examined its root-colonizing ability. The test strain which was not detected in the non-rhizosphere soil, accounted for about 20% of the total bacteria on the roots. These results suggested that enrichment culture might be useful for isolating bacteria with a high root-colonizing ability     

The effect of a mixture of two plant growth-promoting bacteria from Argentina on the yield of potato,and occurrence of primary potato diseases and pest – short communication

In 2017, we conducted a field experiment to test the influence of a mixture of two plant growth-promoting bacteria (Pseudomonas fluorescens and Azospirillum brasilense) on the yield of three potato varieties. In addition, the influence of the mixture on potato susceptibility to infection by the pseudofungus Phytophthora infestans and fungus Alternaria solani and to attacks by the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) was investigated. It was the first experiment of its kind in Europe. In the unusually hot and dry year, a positive influence on the yield (17%–31%) was found in all three varieties when the tubers were soaked in the bacterial mixture prior to sowing. We observed no significant differences in potato resilience/susceptibility to harmful organisms among the different treatments (soaked tubers, sprayed tubers, untreated tubers); however, there were significant differences in the productivity between the tuber varieties. The results of our research indicate the bacterial mixture used in this study has a high potential to support satisfactory potato yields under dry conditions and under low levels of infection by foliar fungal diseases and attacks by foliar insects.     

EFFECT OF PLANT GROWTH-PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA STRAIN ON FREEZING INJURY AND ANTIOXIDANT ENZYME ACTIVITY OF WHEAT AND BARLEY

In 2009 a greenhouse experiment was conducted to determine the effects of boron (B) and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on wheat (Triticum aestivum spp. vulgare cv ‘Bezostiya’) and barley (Hordeum vulgare cv ‘Tokak’) on plant growth, freezing injury, and antioxidant enzyme capacity. Results showed that boron (0, 1, 3, 6, 9 kg B ha^?1) and PGPR application (Bacillus megaterium M3, Bacillus subtilis OSU142, Azospirillum brasilense Sp245 and Raoultella terrigena) at which 50% of leaves were injured (LT₅₀) values and ice nucleation activities in both plants were found statistically significant. Boron application with all PGPR strains decreased LT₅₀ values in wheat and barley plants under noncold stress (NCS) and cold stress conditions (CS). There were statistically significant differences between bacterial inoculation and B fertilizer in terms of root and shoot dry weight under NCS and CS conditions. Reactive oxidative oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, POD, CAT) were negatively affected CS conditions and decreased with reduced temperatures of media, but B and PGPR applications alleviated the low-temperature deleterious effects in both plants species tested. The lowest ROS and antioxidant enzyme (SOD, POD, CAT) of wheat and barley were observed with 6 kg B ha^?1 with R. terrigena.     

番茄内生菌102菌株的促生作用研究

通过种子发芽、小麦芽鞘切断伸长、盆栽及微区试验对番茄内生菌102的促生作用进行测定。结果表明:经102菌稀释液处理的青菜、番茄种子的发芽率及根长显著提高;同样,稀释50至200倍的102菌发酵液可以促进小麦芽鞘切断的伸长,增长率达11%以上;盆栽结果表明使用102菌可以提高青菜和菠菜的鲜重达36%、19%,株高、叶数、叶宽、叶长等各项指标也均显著提高;微区试验结果:经102菌处理的青菜产量比对照增加39%,单株鲜重增加30%,差异达极显著水平;以上结果表明102菌促生作用明显。