Crown development in young Picea abies stands

A dynamic model of branch length and weight growth was developed for two contrasting sites, both with young stands of spruce. At one site sample trees were obtained from both unfertilised plots and from plots with increased growth rate maintained by annual fertilisation. At the second site unfertilised trees and trees subject to single applications of fertiliser were modelled. A model of the same structure was developed for each site and tested by application at the alternate site. In view of the close agreement between sites, model parameters were calculated based on all data combined. The model is driven by height increment and branch age. The sample trees were mostly open grown so that only a tentative estimate of the effects of between tree competition is given. The limitations of the model are stressed.     

不同土壤水分条件下冬小麦根系分布规律研究

为了探讨不同土壤水分条件下冬小麦根系在土壤深度中的分布规律,为精细化农田灌溉提供技术支撑.采用池栽定量灌溉的方法,在冬小麦的几个主要生长发育期进行0～10 cm,10～20 cm,20～30 cm土壤层次的根系鲜重、干重测定并计算不同层次土壤中的根系占整个根系干重的百分数.结果表明0～10cm土壤中根干重占总重80％以上,10～20cm土壤中根干重占总重10％以上,20～30cm土壤中根干重占总重5％左右.小穗型品种山农20根干重顺序孕穗期是轻度干旱＞水分过量、干旱和适宜水分,开花期是适宜水分＞轻度干旱＞水分过量＞干旱.大穗型品种山农21根干重顺序孕穗期是适宜水分＞水分过量＞轻度干旱＞干旱,开花期是适宜水分＞水分过量＞轻度干旱＞干旱.在干旱型生产上多采用小穗型品种,根系强大,可减轻干旱危害,小麦全生育期生产上以灌溉水为宜.     

An Empirical Analysis on the Correlation between China''s Stock Market and Economic Growth

The correlation between China stock market and economic growth is always regarded by economic and financial studies. For the time limit of the developing of stock market and the difficulty of data's collection, it is still in studying that the correlation between stock market and economic growth, especially the causation versus regression. By the method of Demirguc - Kunt and Levine,this paper empirically tests the correlation between China's stock market and economic growth on the seasons serial data from 1995 to 2000. The conclusion is that the relationship economic growth between stock market is unilateral.     

An Estimate on the Casual Relation between Financial Development and Economic Growth

This paper firstly discusses the relationship among money,real interest rate and economic growth of China. Then estimates the causality between financial development and economic growth by Bivariate Granger Casual Relation Test. The conclusion suggests that economic growth stimulate financial development more in China.     

Arrested growth and urban sustainability in the Asia Pacific

City managers throughout the Asia Pacific region are turning to the concept of sustainability in order to guide urban growth. This research note reviews the dominant contemporary urban and regional planning concepts promoted during the last few decades, shows how the financial crises challenged this mode of thinking and led to the adoption of sustainable urban development policies.     

玉米花期干旱及复水对植株补偿生长及产量的影响

研究了花期干旱对盆栽玉米生长发育、生理特性和产量的影响及复水后植株的补偿生长。花期干旱使雌穗生长发育不良，产量下降，复水后被干旱所延迟的雌穗发育可以部分恢复，存在关明显的补偿生长。复水后产量的补偿表现为百粒重的增加，但这种补偿不足以弥补由于穗粒数的减少而导致的产量下降。随胁迫时间延长及胁迫强度的增加，叶片气孔阻力迅速增加，复水后气孔阻力迅速减少，胁迫强度愈大，恢复速率愈快、蒸腾速率与气孔阻力基本上     

土壤水分对冬小麦初生根和次生根生长发育的影响

１９９３－１９９４年冬小麦管栽水分试验结果表明,初生根与次生根生长量、数量及分枝能力基本与土体水量呈正相关,胁迫程度愈深,受抑程度愈大。初生根特别是一、二次根及其分枝数人有很强抗逆能力。水量愈大,三,四次根数愈多。次生根尤其是其数量对对水土土水环境极为敏感。当土壤含水量低于田间持水量６０％时,受到严重抑制。胁迫后复水,使初一根三次根数量增加,根系活性延长,地次生根的激励作用更大,前期胁迫愈严重。促     

Factorial regression analysis of genotype by environment interaction in ryegrass populations, using both isozyme and climatic data as covariates

A sample of 58 natural ryegrass populations (Lolium perenne L.) from the French and Spanish oceanic coast was evaluated for three seasonal growth traits (i.e. spring, autumn and winter vigour traits) in 5 evaluation sites (three in France and two in Spain). This sample showed a high level of genotype (population) × environment (evaluation sites) interactions for the three agronomic traits. A factor regression analysis, using both isozyme frequencies of populations and climatic factors of evaluation sites as covariates, was carried out on a sub-sample of 30 populations in order to explain these interactions. This method succeeded in explaining most population × location interactions by the product of two covariates. For instance, for spring vigour trait, 72.8% of the interaction term could be explained by the use of two covariates: the PGI2-20 allelic frequency of populations and the minimum temperature of the coldest month of evaluation sites. This study shows the advantage of such a method for plant breeders who need to identify promising ryegrass populations for their breeding objectives. A number of genetic and evolutionary hypotheses are also discussed. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

High frequency of plant regeneration from anther culture in flax, Linum usitatissimum L.

The effects of induction medium compositions on flax anther culture were investigated in order to improve the efficiency of callus induction and plant regeneration. Anthers were inoculated onto the modified MS medium supplemented with five different combinations of plant growth regulators. The medium containing the combination of 2mg/l 2,4- dichlorophenoxy-acetic acid (2,4-D) and 1 mg/1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) produced a significantly higher number of calli forming shoots/100 responded anthers and a significant increase in overall efficiency of regeneration than the same basal medium containing 1 mg/1 a-naphthalene-acetic acid (NAA) and 2 mg/1 BAP (CK). Among the five levels of thiamin hydrochloride tested, the modified MS medium containing 10 mg/1 thiamin hydrochloride significantly increased the number of calli forming shoots/100 responded anthers and the overall efficiency of regeneration compared with the same basal medium containing 0.1 mg/1 thiamin hydrochloride. Maltose concentration had a significant effect on the percentage of anthers producing call, the number of calli forming shoots/100 responded anthers and the overall efficiency of regeneration. The medium containing 6% or 9% maltose produced the highest overall efficiency of regeneration among the five levels of maltose evaluated. Sucrose concentration significantly affected the number of calli forming shoots/100 responded anthers and the overall efficiency of regeneration, and dramatically affected the frequency of microspore-derived plants and the frequency of spontaneous chromosome doubling in microspore-derived plants. The efficiency of doubled haploid line production obtained in this study appears adequate for applied breeding programmes.     

Strahlungsnutzung durch Bestände ölreicher Körnerfruchtarten — Winterraps, Öllein und Sonnenblume im Vergleich

Radiation use by oil seed crops — a comparison of winter rape, linseed and sunflower For the production of grain crops rich in oil, winter rape, linseed and sunflower are similarly suitable at many arable locations. We wanted to compare the extent to which radiation (PAR) is intercepted and utilized by the individual species for dry matter and yield production. For this purpose, a 2‐year field experiment comprising the factors genotype, N fertilization and soil tillage was conducted. For five phases of crop development, growth rates (CGR, RGR and NAR) and PAR utilization were calculated. At full ripeness, total dry matter, grain, oil and energy yields, the crop‐ and year‐specific PAR supply, its interception and utilization for dry matter production and the resulting energy binding were determined. Due to the different individual vegetation periods, the PAR supply of the crops differed. The crop assimilation areas also differed, with values for winter rape and sunflower higher than those for linseed. The yield productivity of winter rape and sunflower was also higher than that of linseed. N fertilization increased yield to different extents for the different crops. On average, winter rape and sunflower produced the same amounts of dry matter and energy yield. Due to a higher harvest index, sunflower had the highest grain yield, and because the oil concentration in grain was comparatively high sunflower produced the highest oil yield, too. Under cool and wet climate conditions, however, the productivity of sunflower is offset by a relatively high yield risk because of uncertain ripening. The highest PAR utilization by linseed did not compensate for its very short vegetation period in combination with the lowest PAR interception.