两种穗型冬小麦品种旗叶光合特性和水分利用对光强的响应

以超高产小麦兰考矮早八和豫麦49为材料,研究了开花期旗叶光合与水分利用对光强的响应。结果表明:开花期,随着光强的增加,旗叶光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Cond)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和水分利用率(WUE)均表现不同程度增大,超过一定的光强后反而下降;但胞间CO2浓度(Ci)随光强的增加而降低。与豫麦49相比,兰考矮早八在较高光强下旗叶仍表现出较高的光合特性与水分利用。     

A reovirus disease in cultured mud crab, Scylla serrata, in southern China

A reovirus, designated mud crab reovirus (MCRV), associated with large economic losses was recently isolated from marine cultured mud crab, Scylla serrata, in southern China. The complete viral particle is 70 nm in diameter, icosahedral and non-enveloped. The virus infects connective tissue cells of the hepatopancreas, gills and intestine in mud crab and develops in the cytoplasm. Hundred per cent mortality was observed in mud crab experimentally infected by intramuscular injection, bath inoculation and oral inoculation, while cohabitation infection caused 80% mortality. The viral genome consists of 13 linear dsRNA segments, with an electrophoretic pattern 1/5/7. The results of this study suggest that the virus is highly pathogenic and can be transmitted enterically as well as via the body surface of mud crab. Although the genomic organization of this virus is different from that of the other crab reoviruses, CcRV-W2 and DpPV, all three of these reoviruses have similar electrophoresis patterns. Therefore, MCRV may be a new member of the DpPV and CcRV-W2 group.     

底质对小褐虾生长和存活率影响的实验研究

本研究的目的在于通过小褐虾(Crangon uritai)的人工饲养,以观察栖息底质对其存活率和生长的影响。实验小褐虾样本来自韩国釜山Dadaepo(35°02′N,128°57′E)附近4 m水深海域的桁杆拖网渔获,共选取80尾样本进行实验,其中雌性40尾、雄性40尾,并分别被独立饲养在40个有沙和40个无沙的2 L容器中。为便于分析,将实验样本设为每组20尾,分别为无沙饲养的雌性组NSF和雄性组NSM,以及有沙饲养的雌性组SAF和雄性组SAM。实验环境条件为水温14℃、盐度32.5、光周期L∶D为12∶12。饲养期间,每天投喂新鲜的冷冻虾肉,投喂24 h后将残饵虹吸排除,海水每3天更换1次,整个实验持续100 d。实验前测定每尾实验小褐虾样本的体长和性别。实验中每天检查每个容器中的小褐虾蜕皮、死亡和残饵情况,并记录蜕皮时间以便计算其蜕皮间隔。结果表明,在各组最初样本的甲长分布之间没有显著性差异(P>0.05)的情况下,经过整个实验周期,小褐虾NSF和NSM的存活率分别为28%和10%,而SAF和SAM分别为38%和25%。各对照组个体平均甲长的增长量NSF为1.22 mm、SAF为1.43 mm、NSM为0.6 mm、SAM为0.9 mm。有沙饲养条件下,雌性和雄性的蜕皮间隔分别为15.0 d和15.3 d,而无沙饲养的雌雄的蜕皮间隔分别为16.0 d和16.0 d。无论雌性还是雄性在有沙饲养条件的蜕皮间隔均比无沙饲养的短。有沙饲养的雌、雄个体蜕皮增长率分别为5.2%和4.8%,无沙饲养的蜕皮增长率分别为3.7%和3.2%,在有沙饲养条件下雌、雄的蜕皮增长率均较无沙饲养的要大。有沙饲养的雌雄个体生长速度均较无沙饲养的要快,有沙饲养的雌性个体绝对增长率相对于雄性个体要更高。在提供沙质底质的条件下,小褐虾的存活率提高,蜕皮间隔明显缩短,蜕皮增长率增大,更有利于小褐虾的生长。[中国水产科学,2007,14(1):90-98]     

盐度变化对军曹鱼稚鱼相关免疫因子及其生长的影响

研究了盐度(5、10、20、30及对照37)对军曹鱼(Rachycentron canadum)稚鱼生长及其血清溶菌酶、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、旁路途径补体(ACP)溶血活性(ACH50)和总免疫球蛋白(T-Ig)含量等免疫因子的影响。实验周期为14 d。结果表明,在逐渐达到设定盐度后养殖14 d,盐度30组稚鱼特定生长率(SGR)最高(5.77%/d),而盐度5和10组的SGR(分别为4.24%/d和4.38%/d)显著低于其他组(P<0.05)。在低盐度环境中血清溶菌酶活性在第7天各组都有不同程度升高,其中以盐度20组升高最为显著,其次为盐度10和30组,但第14天各组溶菌酶活性又都回落至对照组水平;而稚鱼在低盐度环境中血清ALP活性受到明显抑制,且活性与盐度呈一定正相关;各组间ACP活性在第7天各盐度组间无明显差异,但实验结束时盐度5和10两组出现显著升高;而T-Ig含量在盐度10组中始终明显高于其他组。研究显示,军曹鱼稚鱼在盐度20~37范围内都可正常生长,尽管稚鱼有较强的低盐度耐受能力,但过低盐度明显影响其生长率并导致体色变黑、蛀鳍和应激增强等异常表现。此外,盐度变化还影响稚鱼多种免疫相关因子。[中国水产科学,2007,14(1):120-125]     

中国古代私人藏书发展述略

我国藏书的历史源远流长,私人藏书的起源至少可追溯至春秋战国时期,古代私人藏书可以分为4个时期:兴起时期,发展时期,繁荣时期和鼎盛时期。私人藏书的发展繁荣除了社会的发展进步之外,人口的增加也是重要的原因。各个时期呈现出各自的发展特点,但是,总的发展呈现出藏书者的文化性、利用的专用性和分布的地域性特征。     

三江平原湿地开垦对地表水中可溶性铁分布特征的影响

选取三江平原湿地开垦前后具有代表性的地表水类型,以空间换时间的方法对比分析了湿地开垦对地表水中可溶性铁（WSIFe）含量与形态分布的影响。结果表明,在田块尺度上,湿地地表积水、排水中WSIFe的含量均值分别为2.20、1.75mg·L^-1;开垦为大豆田后地表无积水,排水中降为1.34mg·L^-1;开垦为水田后分别增加为2.76、2.38mg·L^-1,这与使用铁含量较高的地下水灌溉有关。在区域尺度上,虽然湿地开垦导致沼泽性河流中WSIFe含量降低,但目前含量（均值为0.66mg·L^-1）仍高于黑龙江（0.34mg·L^-1）,是黑龙江WSIFe的重要来源;农田排水干渠中WSIFe含量均值为0.42mg·L^-1,也是黑龙江WSIFe的来源之一,但其贡献量低于沼泽性河流;湿地开垦减少了地表水中WSIFe向黑龙江的输出。湿地开垦后地表水中Fe^3＋的相对含量在田块尺度上出现增加,在区域尺度上有所降低,湿地开垦前后地表水中WSIFe的主要存在形态均为Fe^3＋。无论是田块尺度还是区域尺度,湿地开垦后地表水中WSIFe含量的季节变化都与灌溉活动有关。     

热研4号王草干燥特性的试验研究

在将热研4号王草调制成青贮饲料或干草的加工中,干燥是一个关键性环节,也是发展热研4号王草产业的瓶颈问题。为此,采用快速薄层干燥的试验方法,研究热研4号王草的含水量与干燥时间、干燥介质温度两者之间的关系,并分析影响其营养成分的因素。结果表明:热研4号王草的干燥最佳介质温度为150°～180℃,鲜草刈割后必须在24h内进行快速干燥。     

超高压处理对太白葛根淀粉理化特性的影响

采用超高压技术对太白葛根淀粉进行处理,研究超高压处理对太白葛根淀粉理化特性的影响。试验结果表明,超高压处理对太白葛根淀粉的颗粒大小和形态没有明显影响。超高压处理可使太白葛根淀粉糊的透明度明显增大,淀粉糊的冻融稳定性降低,提高太白葛根淀粉糊黏度对pH值的稳定性,但对其糊化黏度特性的影响不明显。300 MPa高压处理可改善太白葛根淀粉的理化特性。     

不同基质对闭鞘姜生长发育和光合作用的影响

采用随机区组设计,研究不同配比的红壤、泥炭、椰糠和珍珠岩6种基质配方对闭鞘姜生长的影响。测定6种基质的物理和化学性质,观测萌芽率、叶片数、茎粗、株高、株幅、光合日变化、根茎鲜重和根茎干重。结果显示,基质S4（泥炭+椰糠+珍珠岩=1∶2∶2）的植株净光合速率（P_n）显著高于其他基质处理。在6种基质生长的植株叶片净光合速率曲线呈单峰或双峰变化,而蒸腾速率曲线呈单峰变化。最大株高、最大根茎鲜重和根茎干重也出现在基质S4种植的植株。从以上结果可知,基质S4比较适合闭鞘姜的生长和根状茎干物质积累。     

Serum vascular endothelial growth factor in dogs with various proliferative diseases

Angiogenesis plays an important role in the proliferation and metastasis mechanisms of malignant tumors. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a group of cytokines that contribute to angiogenesis and vasculogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the serum VEGF-A concentrations in dogs with various proliferative diseases. A total of 202 dogs that were histopathologically diagnosed with proliferative diseases were included in the study. Serum VEGF-A concentrations were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Median serum VEGF-A concentrations in dogs were as follows: healthy dogs, 4 pg/ml [0–21 pg/ml]; hepatocellular carcinoma, 30 pg/ml [0–158 pg/ml, P=<0.001]; hepatocellular adenoma, 32 pg/ml [0–49 pg/ml, P=0.003]; hepatic nodular hyperplasia, 18 pg/ml [0–51 pg/ml, P=0.595]; adrenal pheochromocytoma, 32 pg/ml [0–187 pg/ml, P=<0.001]; adrenocortical carcinoma, 32 pg/ml [3–161 pg/ml, P=0.002]; adrenocortical adenoma, 27 pg/ml [0–106 pg/ml, P=0.005]; colorectal adenocarcinoma, 36 pg/ml [0–75 pg/ml, P=0.002]; colorectal adenoma, 43 pg/ml [0–48 pg/ml, P=0.144]; inflammatory colorectal polyps, 37 pg/ml [0–111 pg/ml, P=<0.001]; pulmonary adenocarcinoma, 35 pg/ml [4–107 pg/ml, P=0.002]; pulmonary histiocytic sarcoma, 35 pg/ml [0–131 pg/ml, P=0.016]; and follicular thyroid carcinoma, 35 pg/ml [0–106 pg/ml, P=0.009]. The serum VEGF-A concentrations were significantly higher in dogs with neoplastic lesions compared to healthy dogs, except for colorectal adenoma. High serum VEGF-A concentrations were observed in dogs with proliferative diseases. The present study suggests that angiogenesis-inhibiting therapy, which targets VEGF-A, may be useful for canine neoplastic diseases.