Pharmacokinetics of fenvalerate after intravenous administration to sheep

The pharmacokinetics of total radioactivity and of intact fenvalerate were determined in sheep treated intravenously with radiolabelled or non-radiolabelled fenvalerate. Mean residence times (MRT) of total radioactivity and intact fenvalerate in plasma were 910 (±75) and 39 (±3) min, while harmonic mean elimination-phase half-lives (TM_β) were 990 and 82 min, each respectively. Systemic clearance values (Cl_S) of total radioactivity and intact fenvalerate were 2·8 (±0·3) ml min⁻¹ kg⁻¹ and 51·3 (±5·9) ml min⁻¹ kg⁻¹, respectively. Volumes of distribution at steady state (V_SS) were each near 2500 ml kg⁻¹. Elimination of radioactivity occurred, in part (33·3 (±3·3)% of dose), by renal excretion, at a rate (0·9 (±0·1) ml min⁻¹ kg⁻¹), similar to that of glomerular filtration. These data are consistent with a disposition model according to which intact fenvalerate was rapidly distributed into a peripheral compartment, where metabolism occurred. In addition, since the elimination half-life of fenvalerate from plasma was less than 90 min after intravenous injection, ‘flip-flop’ kinetics should be considered when longer elimination half-lives are observed after oral or dermal exposures.     

A note on the chemical composition, intake and digestion of Striga hermonthica herbage by sheep

Striga hermonthica causes serious crop yield losses in West Africa. Hand pulling, an effective method for the reduction of light infestations, might be encouraged if farmers could use this weed as livestock feed. This study evaluated the chemical composition and the voluntary intake and digestion of S. hermonthica herbage by sheep. Crude protein (g kg⁻¹ dry matter (d.m.)) was 184 in the whole plant, 230 in the leaf and 87 in the stem. Ash content varied from 183 to 253 g kg d.m.⁻¹. The concentration of neutral and acid detergent fibre and lignin in whole pot-grown plants was 364, 278 and 127 g kg d.m.⁻¹ respectively. The digestibility of dry and organic (o.m.) matter was 493 and 657 g kg⁻¹, respectively, and intake of digestible o.m. was 27.1 g kg W^−0.75. The relatively high N and P levels in S. hermonthica warrant further evaluation in terms of its potential use as a source of protein or for compost. Its use as a feed appears to be limited by the high ash content and possibly by anti-nutritional effects on animals. These effects should be further investigated before recommending its use for this purpose.     

湖南山羊传染性脓疱首次诊断

1991年3月我院胚胎移殖山羊和会同县农户山羊,口角上、下唇等部长有瘤状硬痂,疑为羊口疮.利用自然病例痂皮毒悬液,划痕接种健康山羊和家兔,山羊能复制出与自然病例相同的疾病,家兔亦能感染发病.利用人工感染康复家兔制备的高免血清,经琼脂扩散试验和对流免疫电泳试验均可出现特异性沉淀线,从而初步确诊本病为羊传染性脓疱.     

蒙古绵羊早期胚胎的消化及呼吸器官的发生

蒙古绵羊胚胎的原肠、消化及呼吸器官,内分泌腺的原基,发生在交配后的8～30d。胚胎发育到20～21d,胚长4～6mm;到22～23d,胚长7～9mm;到24～30d,胚长10～15mm。交配后8d12h,胚胎原肠呈球形,16d14h,原肠发育成管状,分前肠、中肠及后肠。胚长4～14mm,头侧5对鳃弓逐渐退化,口膜破裂与前肠相通,上下颌及舌已形成。感官及主要内分泌腺的原基也已发生。食道呈管状,胃芽由棱形变成椭圆形。分化出三室,背系膜中有脾芽发生。胚长4～5mm 时,前中后肠呈直管状,到6～9mm,肠襻似“V”字形;胚长10～15mm 时,“V”形肠襻以背系膜为中轴,顺时针旋转180°。胚胎发育到20d,前肠腹面的内胚层发生出1个肝憩室,到22d,肝芽内细胞索交织成网,其中形成静脉导管。到交配后30d,总胆管通向降肠起端。背胰芽发生于前肠背面的内胚层,腹胰芽发生于胆囊管后方的前肠腹面,腹胰芽从前肠右侧伸向背胰芽,合并为胰腺原基。从4mm 长胚胎开始,咽底面发生喉气管沟,进而形成喉气管芽,到胚长15mm,气管芽依次分支形成肺芽原基。     

河南小尾寒羊产肉性能与羊肉品质的分析研究

就河南小尾寒羊的产肉性能和羊肉品质进行了分析研究。结果表明:河南小尾寒羊生长发育快,产肉性能好,肉质细嫩,肉味浓郁,6月龄的屠宰率较高。肌肉中的蛋白质含量较高,氨基酸含量丰富,其中的赖氨酸、异亮氨酸等达到或超过了标准蛋白质中的含量。     

湖羊生长性状遗传参数的估测

对湖羊生长性状的表型参数和遗传参数的估测表明，性别对这些生长性状有极显著的影响，在遗传参数的估测中剔除性别的效应可提高估计的正确性。初生重、断奶重、三月龄重、六月龄重、周岁重和日增重等性状都属于高遗传力性状，遗传力分别为０．４１９０，０．３０４２．０．６０２３，０．６０７７，０．３９５６和０．６９４５．根据相关分析结果，为提高湖羊的生长速度和肉用性能，把日增重和三月龄重作为主要选择性状，预期可获得较好的效果     

多浪羊BMPR-IB基因多态性的初步研究

以多浪羊为实验材料,BMPR-IB为候选基因,通过PCR-RELP检测该基因的单核苷酸多态性(SNP)位点.研究发现在该品种上,BMPR-IB基因存在多态性++(94.12;)、B+(5.08;),推断存在BB纯合子.说明多浪羊的多胎性能与BMPR-IB基因存在极为密切的遗传连锁关系,很可能与Brooroola羊遗传机制相同.     

现代集约化肉羊业主要关键技术研究与应用

专门化肉用种羊选定、引进后，通过适应性研究，在较大规模养羊业生产实践中。对现代集约化肉羊业的主要关键技术进行研究、完善和创新，组装集成并应用于生产。技术研究应用结果既为市场提供了大批专门化肉用种羊和优质安全的杂种肉羊，取得了高水平的研究成果及显著的经济效益和社会效益．又为我国目前正在迅速发展的集约化肉羊业提供了可靠的技术支持和理想的生产模式：从适宜的专门化肉羊品种到运用高效母羊快速扩繁技术．建立和完善有效的肉羊杂交利用体系，普遍应用种羊鲜、冻精生产大批肉用杂种羔羊，种植高产优质饲草及其科学加工调制和利用．建立严格兽医防疫制度．实行放牧 补饲或全舍饲的精细管理和集约化育肥，至生产优质、安全、标准肉羊，获得显著的经济效益和社会效益。     

青藏高原高寒牧区冷季补饲藏系绵羊温室气体排放特征

为了揭示藏系绵羊温室气体排放特征,在青藏高原高寒牧区采用密封式呼吸箱-气相色谱结合的方法,于2013年冷季对3只身体健康、均重(50.13±1.28)kg的藏系绵羊温室气体(CH4、CO2、N2O)日排放特征进行了研究。试验期间,动物日粮的精料为蒸煮饲料,粗粮为青干草饼。结果表明,藏系绵羊的CH4排放日动态具有明显规律性,排放峰值在8:00和17:00(P0.01),排放峰值的出现时间与饲喂时间基本吻合,最小值出现在次日7:00;CO2的日排放曲线相对平稳;N2O的日变化没有明显规律且排放量极低。在冷季补饲模式下,藏系绵羊的CH4、CO2和N2O日排放量分别为(16.17±1.27)、(549.18±20.63)g·head-1和(0.73±0.32)mg·head-1。     

小尾寒羊GnRH基因组织表达、多态性及其与产羔性状关联分析

为揭示GnRH基因在小尾寒羊下丘脑-垂体-卵巢轴(Hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis,HPOA)中的表达规律、多态性及其与产羔数的关系,深入了解其对小尾寒羊多羔的作用,采用实时荧光定量PCR技术对6只小尾寒羊(FecB++型单、多羔母羊各3只)的生殖组织及脑组织中GnRH基因的表达谱进行分析,同时采用Sequenom MassARRAY~?SNP技术对380只小尾寒羊和共380只的小尾寒羊、滩羊、苏尼特羊、策勒黑羊、湖羊和草原型藏羊GnRH基因2个单核苷酸多态性位点(Single nucleotide polymorphisms,SNPs)的进行多态性检测,并与小尾寒羊产羔数进行关联分析。结果显示,GnRH基因在下丘脑、卵巢和子宫组织均有表达,其中在下丘脑高表达。在小尾寒羊多羔群体中,GnRH基因在卵巢、大脑、下丘脑、垂体的表达均极显著高于单羔群体(P0.01),暗示其可能参与了小尾寒羊多羔性状调控。分型发现GnRH基因2个位点基因型频率和等位基因频率在单、多羔品种间差异均不显著(P0.05)。关联分析表明,GnRH基因的2个SNPs位点的多态性与小尾寒羊各胎产羔数差异均不显著(P0.05);2个SNPs在所有绵羊品种中均表现为低度多态(PIC0.25);卡方适合性检验表明,2个SNPs在各个绵羊品种中均处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P0.05)。