Dairy sheep production research at the University of Wisconsin-Madison,USA-a review

Commercial milking of sheep is a new agricultural industry in the United States starting approximately 30 yr ago. The industry is still small, but it is growing. The majority of the sheep milk is used in the production of specialty cheeses. The United States is the major importer of sheep milk cheeses with 50 to 60% of annual world exports coming to the United States during the past 20 yr. Therefore, there is considerable growth potential for the industry in the United States. The only dairy sheep research flock in North America is located at the Spooner Agricultural Research Station of the University of Wisconsin-Madison. The research program started in 1993 and has been multifaceted; dealing with several areas important to commercial dairy sheep farmers. The East Friesian and Lacaune dairy breeds were compared and introduced to the industry through the research program. Both dairy breeds produced significantly more milk than traditional meat-wool breeds found in the U.S., but the two breeds differed in their production traits. East Friesian-cross ewes produced more lambs and slightly more milk than Lacaune-cross ewes whereas Lacaune-cross ewes produced milk with a higher percentage of fat and protein than East Friesian-cross ewes. Lactation physiology studies have shown that ewes with active corpora lutea have increased milk yields, oxytocin release during milking is required to obtain normal fat percentages in the milk, large udder cisterns of dairy ewes can allow for increased milking intervals, and short daylengths during late pregnancy results in increased milk yield. In the nutrition area, legume-grass pastures and forages with a higher percentage of legume will result in increased milk production. Grazing ewes respond to additional supplementation with increased milk yield, but it is important to match the supplement to the quality of the grazing. Ewes on high quality legume-grass pastures that are high in rumen degradable protein respond with increased milk production to supplements high in energy and/or     

湖羊胚胎和精液超低温保存效果的评价

【目的】 检验长期保存在国家家畜基因库的湖羊冷冻胚胎和冷冻精液的质量,评价超低温冷冻保存技术保种的效果。【方法】 对保存于国家家畜基因库的冷冻胚胎（保存20年）和冷冻精液（保存20和30年）进行复苏,进行相应鉴定后分别进行胚胎移植和人工授精,同时以0年冷冻精液和新鲜精液为对照,测定其受胎率和后代的羔皮性能、生长性能及繁殖性能,检验保存效果。【结果】 本试验共解冻胚胎36枚,其中,A级胚胎22枚,B级胚胎7枚,C级胚胎5枚,D级胚胎2枚,冷冻胚胎复苏利用率达到94.44%（34/36）,A级胚胎率达到61.11%（22/36）,移植34枚,产羔17只,冷冻胚胎复苏移植产羔率达50.00%;保存30年的冷冻精液复苏后平均精子活力达35%,受胎率为58.57%,平均产羔1.90只;保存20年冷冻精液复苏后平均精子活力达31%,受胎率为53.66%,平均产羔1.95只;胚胎复苏移植羊、30和20年冷冻精液后代体型外貌鉴定均符合纯种湖羊特征,没有畸形个体;羔羊一级羔皮率分别是31.25%、42.03%和23.81%,保持了当年湖羊的羔皮特性;生长发育及繁殖性能与现有湖羊群体性能基本保持一致。【结论】 利用超低温冷冻技术长期保存湖羊冷冻胚胎和冷冻精液的方法是可行的,对地方品种保种具有重要意义。     

绵羊体内外受精胚胎玻璃化冷冻保存

用 EFS4 0溶液对绵羊体内外受精的早期囊胚进行了玻璃化冷冻保存的研究。经卵母细胞体外成熟、体外受精和体外培养获得的早期囊胚 ,分别作如下处理 :( A) 1 0 %EG中预处理 5min后 ,在 EFS4 0平衡 3 0 s(两步法 ) ;( B) EFS4 0中平衡 1 min(一步法 ) ;( C) EFS4 0中平衡 2 min(一步法 )。然后投入液氮中冷冻保存 ,解冻胚胎的继续发育率分别为 80 %、78%和 50 %,A、B2组的结果与对照组 ( 88%)无显著性差异 ( P >0 .0 5)。经超数排卵获得的体内受精早期囊胚用两步法冷冻保存 ,解冻后胚胎发育继续率为 89%,与对照组( 93 %)也无显著性差异 ( P >0 .0 5)     

盐化秸秆加精料日粮对绵羊生产性能和消化的影响

本文报道了添加精料对饲喂盐化玉米秸秆的晋中绵羊生产性能、日粮消化的影响。处理组比对照组明显提高了绵羊的日增重、采食量和饲料转化率 (P <0 0 1 )。随着精料水平的提高 ,日粮粗纤维表观消化率下降 (P <0 0 5) ,干物质、有机物和粗蛋白质表观消化率提高 (P <0 0 5) ;肝脏中有关矿物质元素含量、血中酶活性在一定精料范围内提高 (P <0 0 5)。本研究范围内精料添加量为 32 5g/日·只时 ,饲喂效果最好     

引入我省小尾寒羊的染色体分析

用外周血淋巴细胞培养、空气干燥制片技术。研究了引入我省小尾寒羊的正常核型和染色体畸变类型,其结果与国内外报道的其它绵羊无明显差异。     

不同中性洗涤纤维与非纤维性碳水化合物比值饲粮对肉用绵羊甲烷排放的影响

本试验旨在研究不同中性洗涤纤维(NDF)与非纤维性碳水化合物(NFC)比值(NDF/NFC)饲粮对肉用绵羊甲烷排放的影响。试验采用4×4完全拉丁方试验设计,将16只杜泊×小尾寒羊杂交羯羊随机分成4组,每组4只,按维持水平饲喂NDF/NFC分别为3.02(饲粮1)、2.32(饲粮2)、1.58(饲粮3)、1.04(饲粮4)的全混合颗粒饲粮(玉米秸秆为粗饲料来源)。试验共进行4期,每期18 d,包括3 d的调整期、7 d的预试期和8 d的正试期,在正试期内测定甲烷产量、饲粮总能和营养物质表观消化率。结果表明:饲粮2的甲烷日排放量显著高于饲粮3和4(43.43 L/d vs.38.88和35.98 L/d;P0.05)。与饲粮1相比,饲粮2和3的每千克干物质采食量(DMI)甲烷排放量显著增加(38.00 L/kg DMI vs.42.24、41.69 L/kg DMI;P0.05),但是饲粮2、3和4之间差异不显著(P0.05)。随着NDF/NFC的降低,每千克可消化有机物(DOM)的甲烷排放量逐渐降低,饲粮4的每千克DOM的甲烷排放量显著低于饲粮1、2和3(58.78 L/kg DOM vs.75.00、73.35和64.11 L/kg DOM;P0.05)。随着NDF/NFC的降低,每千克中性洗涤纤维采食量(NDFI)或酸性洗涤纤维采食量(ADFI)的甲烷排放量逐渐增加,且各饲粮之间差异显著(P0.05)。综上所述,结合各营养物质表观消化率和甲烷排放效率,在维持水平下,采用NDF/NFC为1.04的玉米秸秆饲粮作为肉用绵羊甲烷减排的饲粮最合适。     

Effects of pneumoperitoneum and of an alveolar recruitment maneuver followed by positive end-expiratory pressure on cardiopulmonary function in sheep anesthetized with isoflurane–fentanyl

Objective

To investigate the effects of pneumoperitoneum alone or combined with an alveolar recruitment maneuver (ARM) followed by positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) on cardiopulmonary function in sheep.

不同生物处理水稻秸秆对肉用绵羊生长性能、屠宰性能及器官发育的影响

本试验研究了不同生物处理水稻秸秆对肉用绵羊生长性能、屠宰性能及器官发育的影响,旨在探索有效的生物制剂处理方法。采用单因素试验设计,选取体重为(24.00±2.42)kg的"杜泊×小尾寒羊"杂交F1代公羔羊80只,随机分为4个组,分别为空白对照组(饲喂水稻秸秆饲粮)、Ⅰ组(饲喂细菌、酶复合青贮制剂处理的水稻秸秆饲粮)、Ⅱ组(饲喂复合酶制剂处理的水稻秸秆饲粮)、羊草对照组(饲喂羊草饲粮),每组5个重复,每个重复4只羊。预试期为8d,正试期为60 d。结果表明:Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和羊草对照组试验羊平均日增重和干物质采食量均显著高于空白对照组(P0.05),料重比显著低于空白对照组(P0.05),但Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和羊草对照组之间差异不显著(P0.05)。各组间试验羊屠宰率无显著差异(P0.05),各组间试验羊头、蹄、皮+毛、肺脏、肾脏、网胃、瓣胃、皱胃、小肠和大肠的重量及其占宰前活重比例无显著差异(P0.05),Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和羊草对照组试验羊肝脏和瘤胃重量显著高于空白对照组(P0.05)。由此可见,细菌、酶复合青贮制剂处理水稻秸秆有显著的改善作用,肉用绵羊的生长性能、屠宰性能及器官发育接近羊草的饲喂效果。     

Scrapie resistance alleles are not associated with lower prolificity in Rasa Aragonesa sheep

Scrapie is a prion disease characterised by the accumulation of the pathological associated form of cellular prion protein (PrP(SC)) in the central nervous system. Susceptibility to scrapie is associated with polymorphism in the ovine prion protein (PrP) gene. The European Union has implemented scrapie control programs, relying on selective breeding for scrapie resistance; the use of ARR-carrier and the exclusion of VRQ-carrier were recommended. In this study, 4323 individuals from Rasa Aragonesa Sheep breed were genotyped for the PrP gene and the individual estimated breeding values (EBV) for prolificity were calculated. Most represented PrP alleles do not work against prolificity. Only a significant association between VRQ/VRQ genotype and a lower EBV was observed (p = 0.027, eta2 = 0.002). Therefore, avoiding reproduction of VRQ/VRQ individuals would not cause negative effect regarding prolificity.