籼型杂交早稻优Ⅰ 66的选育与应用

优Ⅰ６６是中国水稻研究所用印水型不育系优ⅠＡ与早籼恢复系６６配组选育而成的籼型杂交早稻新组合。该组合具有产量高、抗稻瘟病、米质优、制种易获高产、适应性广等特点，适宜在长江以南各省和桂北、粤北、闽北作双季早稻种植。１９９７年３月通过江西省品种审定委员会审定     

马铃薯群体B品系对晚疫病水平抗性遗传稳定性试验

 1997～1999年,在昆明地区对马铃薯中心提供的马铃薯群体B育种材料进行了晚疫病水平抗性遗传稳定性的田间检验。实验采用完全随机区组（RCBD）的方法,在当地晚疫病菌生理小种存在的条件下,经过3年的田间小区试验筛选,获得了Pn-01、Pn-06等表现水平抗性遗传稳定性与优良农艺性状相结合的品系,为进—步进行试验示范和大面积推广打下了基础。     

CTM系列汽车拖拉机综合测试仪在汽车滑行阻力系数测定中的应用

介绍了汽车滑行阻力系数的测定方法,理论分析和试验结果均表明:应用CTM系列汽车拖拉机综合测试仪,在测定汽车滑行距离的同时,测定汽车滑行阻力系数的方法简便、可靠。     

Effects of Clear‐Cutting Alder Coppice on Surface Soil Properties and Aboveground Herbaceous Plant Biomass

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effects of clear‐cutting and skidding impacts on surface soils in an alder coppice and aboveground herbaceous biomass. For this purpose, experimental sites used in the study were a randomized complete block with four replications. Some soil properties were measured at 60 pits at 0 to 5 cm and 5 to 10 cm deep in control, normal harvest, and main skid trail sites. In the main skid trail site, as compared to the control and normal harvest site, the bulk density increased from 0.90 to 1.52g cm^?3, the soil organic‐matter content decreased from 4.77% to 1.65%, and saturated hydraulic conductivity decreased from 86.34 to 9.6 cm h^?1 at 0 to 5 cm deep. Optimization of harvesting time and rehabilitation of skid roads needed to be done to prevent and minimize negative impacts of the skid roads on soils.     

春小麦新品种 JZ5 引种赞比亚试验

【目的】吉林农业大学承担了国家商务部中国援赞比亚农业技术示范中心项目，为落实“人员培训、科学研究、示范推广、宣传展示”任务，尊重受援国意愿，坚持“受援国提出、受援国同意、受援国主导”，根据当地对小麦品种的需求，进行了小麦品种选育工作。【方法】JZ5品种以C7906作母本、NS2作父本有性杂交通过系谱法选育而成，是国内优良的春小麦品种，于 2011年引种到赞比亚。【结果】经过多年引种试验、区域试验和生产试验，JZ5在所有参试小麦中表现为平均穗粒数65粒、千粒干质量54.2 g，产量潜力 11 000 kg/hm2。小麦种植期间正值赞比亚旱季，干热风对小麦灌浆影响较大，而JZ5灌浆速率快、结实率高，几乎不受干热风影响，耐干热风能力强，抗蚜虫，高抗白粉病，具有明显高产稳产特性。于2016年3月7日通过赞比亚农业部种子认证和控制研究所（SCCI）审定。【结论】JZ5适宜在赞比亚3个生态区种植，允许在赞比亚进行商业化推广，丰富了赞比亚的种质资源。     

Winter Hardiness, Frost Resistance and Vernalization Requirement of European Winter Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus var. oleifera) Cultivars within the Last 20 Years

Cultivars of European winter oilseed rape cultivated in the second half of the 1970s and in the mid-1990s were screened for their winter hardiness, frost resistance and vernalization requirement. A strong correlation between winter hardiness and frost resistance in both groups of rape has been noticed. Among oilseed rapes cultivated in the late 1970s, low erucic acid and particularly double zero cultivars were less winter hard than high erucic acid cultivars. Double zero cultivars were characterized by lower frost resistance and lower vernalization requirement. A significant correlation between vernalization requirement and both frost resistance and field survival has also been shown. Frost resistance of the 1990s (double zero) cultivars was higher than that of double low cultivars from the late 1970s. Their vernalization requirement was still small and did not correlate with either frost resistance or winter hardiness. It was concluded that reduction in the content of glucosinolates in the 1970s involved decrease in winter hardiness and vernalization requirement of cultivars. During the following 20 years winter hardiness of double low cultivars has been improved, but vernalization requirements have not changed. As a result no correlation between winter hardiness and vernalization requirement in contemporary canola cultivars has been observed.     

浅谈磷化氢抗性害虫的成因及治理

西方从宏观和微观两方面介绍了仓库磷化氢抗性害虫的成因，从多角度分析了抗性害虫的方法，提出了实施磷化氢抗性害虫综合治理的策略。     

Characterization of Degraded Soils in the Humid Ethiopian Highlands

Hardpan is a major cause of land degradation that affects agricultural productivity in developing countries. However, relatively, little is known about the interaction of land degradation and hardpans. The objective of this study was, therefore, to investigate soil degradation and the formation of hardpans in crop/livestock‐mixed rainfed agriculture systems and to assess how changes in soil properties are related to the conversion of land from forest to agriculture. Two watersheds (Anjeni and Debre Mewi) were selected in the humid Ethiopian highlands. For both watersheds, 0–45 cm soil penetration resistance (SPR, n  = 180) and soil physical properties (particle size, soil organic matter, pH, base ions, cation exchange capacity, silica content, bulk density and moisture content) were determined at 15 cm depth increments for three land uses: cultivated, pasture and forest. SPR of agricultural fields was significantly greater than that of forest lands. Dense layers with a critical SPR threshold of ≥2000 kPa were observed in the cultivated and pasture lands starting at a depth of 15–30 cm but did not occur in the undisturbed forest land. Compared with the original forest soils, agricultural fields were lower in organic matter, cation exchange capacity, and exchangeable base cations; more acidic; had a higher bulk density and more fine particles (clay and silt); and contained less soluble silica. Overall, our findings suggest that soil physical and chemical properties in agricultural lands are deteriorated, causing disintegration of soil aggregates, resulting in greater sediment concentration in infiltration water that clogged up macro‐pores, thereby disconnecting deep flow paths found in original forest soils. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Number of Pollen Grains in Rice Cultivars with Different Cool-Weather Resistance at the Young Microspore Stage

Abstract

The difference in the number of pollen grains may be the primary factor determining the resistance to cool weather at the young microspore stage in rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars. To confirm this hypothesis, we compared the number of pollen grains among the cultivars or lines with various cool-weather resistance. The cultivars or lines used in the experiments were mainly released or grown in the Tohoku district (the northern part of the mainland of Japan). The number of pollen grains showed high correlation with the degree of cool-weather resistance, but considerably varied with the cultivar or line, even in the group having the same cool-weather resistance. Each group with different cool-weather resistance was divided into two subgroups, implying the existence of another genetic factor determining the resistance. The number of pollen grains in the plants cooled at the young microspore stage showed higher correlation with the degree of the cool-weather resistance than that in the control plants without exposure to low temperature. The correlation between the pollen number and spikelet sterility was also analyzed using the data of Satake and Shibata (1992, Jpn. J. Crop Sci. 61 :454–462), who primarily used the cultivars in Hokkaido (the northernmost island of Japan). The results were basically the same as those obtained in the present experiments. These results confirmed the hypothesis that the variation in the number of pollen grains is a primary factor of the resistance to cool weather at the booting stage in the cultivars in the northern part of Japan. The results also suggested the existence of another genetic factor determining the resistance.     

水稻Pi基因分子标记的物理图谱锚定

整理国际注册或期刊报道的已定位Pi基因,并在物理图谱上锚定,为抗稻瘟病基因-Pi基因的精细定位、图位克隆提供研究基础.利用www.gramene.org网站公布的Pi基因的分子标记,在测序图谱Gramene Annotated Nip-ponbare Sequence 2006上进行物理图谱锚定.通过本研究把已定位的89个Pi基因的42个锚定到其物理图谱的28个位点上.这42个Pi基因,除了已克隆的11个基因外,其余的均可作为Pi克隆基因的候选基因作进一步的研究.