基于多目标PSO-ACO融合算法的无人艇路径规划

【目的】针对河蟹养殖过程中,水位变化以及无人艇路径规划算法收敛慢、精度低的问题,为提高算法适应性与寻优能力,提出一种多目标粒子群-蚁群融合的无人艇路径规划算法。【方法】首先,分析蟹塘环境及养殖规律等因素,建立静态水深栅格环境模型;其次,针对覆盖遍历式投饵存在局部点投喂不足及路径次优的问题,通过对惯性参数与学习因子的非线性调整,提出基于多目标的改进粒子群算法(Particle swarm optimization, PSO);然后,调整蚁群算法的初始信息素,并对蚁群算法的信息素挥发因子和启发期望函数自适应改进,提出自适应优化蚁群算法(Ant colony optimization, ACO);最后,为解决单一算法寻优不足,利用融合PSO-ACO算法,实现无人艇多目标全局路径规划。【结果】仿真结果表明：不同环境投饵策略下,PSO-ACO算法在对多目标路径寻优时,不仅环境适应性好,而且提高了寻优效率和精度,运行时间节省了32%,路径距离缩短了9.78%,迭代次数降低了62.88%,拐点数目减少了44.45%。【结论】所提出多目标点的路径规划算法适用于环境可变的蟹塘养殖,具有较好的应用价值。     

气候变化背景下中国苹果适宜种植区北移西扩：基于高分辨率格点气象数据的区划分析

利用1981-2010年5km×5km格点气象数据,基于前人研究指标,采用气候倾向率、ArcGIS空间插值等方法,对影响苹果种植的气温、降水、相对湿度等主要气候指标分布特征进行分析。首先利用一票否决式指标剔除不能满足苹果生长基本要求的不可种植区域,然后结合苹果气候区划因子评分标准,对可种植区进行适宜性评价,并分析年际间适宜区的变化特征。结果表明,总体来看,苹果可种植区为华北、西北、西南以及华东、华南的部分地区。在可种植区中,适宜区主要位于黄土高原大部分地区和环渤海地区,次适宜区主要位于华北平原和黄土高原少部分地区以及塔里木盆地和云贵高原地区,不适宜区主要分布在东北地区、长江以南大部分地区、青藏高原地区以及新疆北部部分地区。与20世纪80年代相比,90年代、21世纪00年代山东半岛、黄土高原南部由适宜种植区转变为次适宜种植区,辽蒙交界地区、云贵川交界地区、黄土高原北部以及陕甘交界处由次适宜种植区转变为适宜种植区,苹果适宜种植区变化呈现明显北移西扩的特点。     

上海临港新片区中心城区海洋文化产业体验经济型发展的ASEB栅格分析

海洋文化产业,作为海洋产业发展的新引擎,对推动海洋产业升级、延长海洋产业链具有重要作用。在体验经济学的背景下,通过调研上海临港新片区,在获得相应资料的基础上研究其海洋文化产业的发展状况,并运用ASEB栅格对其如何体验式开发进行系统性梳理与分析。研究发现:临港固有相对丰富的海洋文化、渔业旅游资源和区位优势,但存在体验性不足、品牌形象不强、开发方式单一问题,这制约了该区域的发展。为此,提出如下建议:(1)突出海洋文化产业的体验性;(2)塑造海洋文化产业的体验形象;(3)优化海洋文化体验品牌,提升知名度与影响力;(4)打造以滴水湖为依托的系列体验业,推动形成海洋文化产业集聚效应;(5)加强当地高校对海洋文化产业的支撑。这将有助于新片区中心城区未来海洋文化产业的合理开发,以期能够为新兴沿海城市发展相关产业提供参考与借鉴。     

大型贯流式泵站快速门加速启动过渡过程

为研究大型贯流式泵站机组闸门加速启动过程中的外特性参数变化及流态变化,对灯泡贯流泵机组进行三维建模,采用Fluent软件中的UDF来控制闸门的启动过程,使用铺层法动网格技术来控制闸门处网格生成与消灭,并设定S-A模型作为湍流模型,对灯泡贯流泵机组启动过程进行瞬态数值模拟.计算结果表明:当贯流泵机组快速门以10倍设计速度启动时,机组的转速与流量将以更快的速度达到额定转速与额定流量,同时瞬间最大倒灌流量相比未加速启动时增加了30%.当贯流泵机组处于倒流状态时,靠近轮毂处叶轮叶道压力面的压强呈现出从叶轮进水边向出水边逐渐递增的分布规律.当机组处于零流量的临界状态时,混乱的流态导致压力集中及脱流现象加重,叶轮进水边负压区范围扩大且程度加深.     

Prediction of Ripening Stage of Cameo Apple Using Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

ABSTRACT

Traditionally, farmers determine when a crop is ready for harvest by observing sensible attributes. They inspect the color or other physical observables which their crops exhibit and make decisions based on these observations and their past experience. This research presents for the first time a mathematical method employing Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy to quantify the maturation or ripeness of Cameo apple based on the changes in concentrations of selected constituent components (e.g., glucose) in the apple fruit. Cameo apple fruit samples were collected from a single tree every 15 days during the last 60 days of the apple fruit maturation cycle and then analyzed with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The vibrational bands from the Fourier-transform infrared spectra were assigned to specific functional group. The peak intensities of the vibrational bands corresponding to glucose molecule were normalized and plotted against the number of days remaining before the apple fruit maturity and were observed to show a linear relationship. This relationship can be used to calculate the time required for the apple fruit to reach maturity and also to calculate the concentration of constituent components at any stage of its growth cycle.     

沟坡侵蚀REE示踪法试验研究初探

为解决野外小流域泥沙来源研究中REE的施放问题,在室内利用人工模拟降雨的方法,对坡面一沟坡连续体模型REE施放方法进行了试验研究。结果表明,对于坡度较陡,汇流相对集中的沟坡部位,可采用点穴施放法布设稀土元素,但仍需掺土,若布设纳稀土元素实际操作难度较大。在此基础上,提出了在野外小流域泥沙来源观测中可采用网格法布设点穴,并对其产沙量计算亦提出了相应的设想及方法。     

Relationship Between Spectral Data from an Aerial Image and Soil Organic Matter and Phosphorus Levels

Early ventures into site-specific management involved fertilizer management decisions based on soil chemical properties characterized by some form of grid sampling. This is both labor and capital intensive and practitioners quickly began investigating other methods to get a measure of spatial variability. Aerial photographs, which were mainly used to evaluate and assess crop status, allow for the collection of whole-field data at relatively low cost. Our objective is to determine what relationships exist between aerial spectral data and intensive grid soil test results and whether this information can be used to improve future soil sampling strategies. Soil-test organic matter (OM) and Bray-1 P concentrations were measured on soil samples taken using an alternating 12.2- by 24.4-m grid in late March 1994 from a quarter section under center pivot irrigation. Spectral data were collected in the spring of 1996 prior to planting using a multispectral network of digital cameras. Correlations of brightness values from the blue, green, and NIR bands with both OM and Bray-1 P were significant, but relatively low. Normality tests revealed that brightness values for the spectral data sets were generally evenly distributed while those of the soil test OM and Bray-1 P were positively skewed. Many of the very high soil-test data values were due to past management. When those values were removed from the database, greater correlations between spectral data and soil test data were obtained. These results substantiated that aerial imagery can be used to improve sampling strategies, but it must be used in conjunction with existing knowledge and past management histories.     

不同湍流模型在轴流泵性能预测中的应用

为了评价不同湍流模型在轴流泵性能预测中的精度,该文以南水北调工程轴流泵模型作为研究对象,分别选取了3种湍流模型标准k-ε湍流模型(standard k-ε)、重正化群k-ε湍流模型(renormalization group k-ε,RNG)和雷诺应力模型(reynolds stress model,RSM),基于SIMPLE算法(semi-implicit method for pressure-linked equations)和结构化网格,进行了轴流泵性能预测和全流场数值模拟,并以水利部天津同台测试的试验结果作为基准对预测扬程和效率进行了误差分析。研究结果表明,网格密度对模拟结果具有较大影响,较疏的网格导致性能预测精度降低,在大流量和小流量工况下预测的扬程和效率误差将达到3%以上;在最优工况下,Standard k-ε、RNG k-ε和RSM湍流模型的扬程预测误差分别为0.97%、1.12%和1.24%,效率预测误差分别为2.93%、2.49%和2.97%,可满足工程应用要求;但在非设计工况下,由于二次回流、空化等复杂流动的存在,内部流场复杂,3种湍流模型的扬程最大预测误差范围为9.40%～14.30%,效率最大预测误差范围为4.48%～8.30%。该结论将为轴流泵性能预测的可靠性提供依据。     

格网分辨率对生态动力学模型模拟结果的影响

以2009年4月太湖生态学实验数据为基础,研究了15、20、25、30 m格网分辨率下NPZD生态动力学模型模拟结果的差异性.结果表明,格网分辨率和平均浓度及浓度均方根之间存在较复杂的关系,难以用统计方法加以描述.总体而言,格网分辨率的不同,生态动力学模型计算得到的磷浓度、悬浮泥沙浓度和叶绿素a浓度的平均值、均方根和空间布局也将不同.在实际应用中,应该选择适宜的格网分辨率进行生态学参数模拟,进而实现对太湖水体状况的正确模拟与预测.     

离心泵内叶轮与蜗壳间耦合流动的三维紊流数值模拟

根据离心泵通道的几何和流场特点,探讨了离心泵叶轮通道结构化多块网格划分中的一些处理方法。同时求解三维时均Ｎ-Ｓ方程,并采用“冻结转子法”处理叶轮与蜗壳间动静耦合流动的参数传递和相互干扰问题,对某一设计工况下离心泵内的全三维紊流场进行了计算,捕捉到了离心泵叶轮内、叶轮与蜗壳间及蜗壳内的压力分布、速度分布和旋涡的结构与演化特征等重要流动信息。结果表明,该方法能够较为准确地预测出离心泵叶轮与蜗壳间及内部的流动特性,所得结果对进行离心泵的水力设计或改型优化设计等研究具有重要的指导意义。