基于网格单元的乌鲁木齐市土地覆被/利用时空变化

随着城市化进程在全球范围内的快速推进,对城市区域土地覆被/土地利用变化产生影响。采用1990、2000和2011年3期Landsat TM5遥感数据,提取乌鲁木齐市土地覆被/土地利用信息,并将各期用地分类数据分别转入250 m×250 m的矢量网格单元,计算每个网格单元内各类用地面积占网格单元面积比例的变化,探讨乌鲁木齐市1990—2011年土地覆被/土地利用时空变化特征及驱动因素,并通过相关和回归分析,研究1990—2011年各用地类型之间相互转移和替代的关系。结果表明:1)1990—2011年乌鲁木齐市城市快速扩展,大面积裸地和绿地转化为建设用地,建设用地持续增加,从1990年157.37 km~2增加到2011年的444.89 km~2,裸地持续减少,绿地先减少后增加,水体则呈现缓慢增长的趋势。2)研究区内不同区域和方向由于受到地形条件、政策、城市规划以及道路交通网络等因素的影响,土地覆被/土地利用呈现出不同的时空变化趋势,建成区老城区内部呈现挖潜的集约式增长,外围则是蔓延式扩展。该研究对该地区城市建设和发展具有借鉴意义。     

基于格网的河北省精细化暴雨洪涝灾害风险区划

基于IPCC最新风险评估理论模型,以高精度地理信息数据、长序列均一化气象资料和2010基准年社会经济数据等资料为基础,运用统计建模方法,从气象致灾因子危险性、暴露度和脆弱性3个方面对河北地区暴雨洪涝灾害进行精细化风险评估与区划,并根据区划结果提出防御措施。结果显示：滦河流域下游以及沿海诸河流域的暴雨洪涝风险最高;平原地区的暴雨洪涝灾害风险普遍高于山区,流域下游风险高于上游,河道周边风险高于远离河流的区域。     

光纤发光诱虫灯对茶树害虫的诱捕效果研究

为了对茶树害虫进行科学的测报和诱捕,设计了一种光纤发光诱虫灯,开展了光纤发光诱虫灯在不同发光颜色、不同亮灭规律的情况下与频振式杀虫灯对茶树害虫的诱集对比试验。试验结果表明:光纤发光诱虫灯在亮2min-灭1min的亮灭规律下诱虫效果和能耗均好于频振式杀虫灯;在绿、黄、蓝、白4种发光颜色中,黄色光诱虫效果最好。同时,进一步证实了频振式杀虫灯具有更好的杀虫稳定性;但对茶树害虫天敌也有很强的杀伤力,应科学制定开灯方案。综合诱虫效果、能耗和使用寿命,光纤诱虫灯具有良好的应用前景。     

基于电网自动化调度管理的电网安全稳定运行

经济的发展带动了电力行业的发展,这对于电网调度安全管理工作的要求也提升到了一个新的高度。当前电网调度管理逐渐发展成为自动化管理以及智能化管理,这与电网的安全稳定运行有着紧密的联系。文章针对当前电网调度管理问题进行了分析,并就此提出了实用性较强的措施。     

重采样方法对DEM数据质量的影响

[目的]针对在数字地形分析的实际应用问题,利用重采样方法得到的DEM数据精度,旨在分析不同的重采样方法对所获得的DEM数据质量的影响。[方法]从数据误差的角度,以陕西省绥德县窑家湾沟流域的以全数字摄影测量得到的DEM数据为基准,计算并比较利用重采样方法得到的DEM的数据误差。[结果]无论采用何种重采样方法,得到DEM数据质量均未得到提高,其高程误差的空间分布与重采样方法相关,地形变化剧烈的地方,误差较大;中误差的大小则取决于重采样方法与原始格网尺寸。[结论]最近邻法得到的重采样DEM数据的中误差最高,三次立方卷积法的最小,双线性内插法则略高于三次立方卷积法。     

基于碳收支核算的河南省碳排放峰值预测

[目的]对河南省碳排放及碳足迹峰值进行了预测,旨在了解河南省未来碳减排潜力,寻求低碳发展的对策。[方法]基于省域层面,以河南省为例,对历年的碳收支和碳足迹状况进行了核算和评估,并通过STIRPAT模型和情景分析方法对河南省碳排放峰值进行预测。[结果](1)河南省碳排放总量从2000年的6.83×107 t上升到2012年的1.77×108 t,涨幅为159.2%,其中碳排放的行业差异性大,工业占主导地位,不同途径碳排放的增幅具有明显差异,生态系统的碳汇能力呈明显下降趋势。(2)河南省2000—2012年能源消费的碳足迹呈逐年增加态势,从2000年的1.71×107 hm2上升到2012年的4.42×107 hm2。碳足迹的扩大造成了1.68×108 hm2的生态赤字。(3)在基准和低碳情景下,河南省碳排放峰值有望出现在2040和2035年,在考虑区域碳吸收补偿的前提下,碳排放峰值将分别提前到2035和2025年。[结论]河南省碳收支呈现明显的不匹配状态,但在考虑碳补偿的基础上,河南省具有较大的碳减排潜力空间。     

Effect of allelic variation at the Glu-3/Gli-1 loci on breadmaking quality parameters in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Low molecular weight glutenin subunits (LMW-GS) encoded by the Glu-3 loci are known to contribute to wheat breadmaking quality. However, the specific effect of individual Glu-3 alleles is not well understood due to their complex protein banding patterns in SDS-PAGE and tight linkage with gliadins at the Gli-1 locus. Using DNA markers and a backcross program, we developed a set of nine near isogenic lines (NILs) including different Glu-A3/Gli-A1 or Glu-B3/Gli-B1 alleles in the genetic background of the Argentine variety ProINTA Imperial. The nine NILs and the control were evaluated in three different field trials in Argentina. Significant genotype-by-environment interactions were detected for most quality parameters indicating that the effects of the Glu-3/Gli-1 alleles are modulated by environmental differences. None of the NILs showed differences in total flour protein content, but relative changes in the abundance of particular classes of proteins cannot be ruled out. On average, the Glu-A3f, Glu-B3b, Glu-B3g and Glu-B3i_Man alleles were associated with the highest values in gluten strength-related parameters, while Glu-A3e, Glu-B3a and Glu-B3i_Chu were consistently associated with weak gluten and low quality values. The value of different Glu-3/Gli-1 allele combinations to improve breadmaking quality is discussed.     

Effect of wheat germ flour addition on wheat flour,dough and Chinese steamed bread properties

Wheat germ flour (WGF) has been developed as a functional food ingredient with high nutritional value. In this study, WGF was applied in steamed bread-making in order to improve the quality of Chinese steamed bread (CSB). Partial substitution of wheat flour with WGF at levels of 3%, 6%, 9% and 12% (w/w) was carried out to investigate physicochemical properties of blends and their steaming performance. Falling number (FN) values of composite flours ranged from 199 to 223 s. Viscosity analysis results showed that wheat flour mixed with WGF had higher pasting temperature and lower viscosities. Dough rheological properties were also investigated using farinograph and extensograph. The addition of WGF diluted the gluten protein in dough and formed weak and inextensible dough, which can be studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis. CSB made with WGF had significantly lower volume, specific volume and higher spread ratio. The sensory acceptability and physicochemical quality of CSB were improved with the application of a low level of WGF (3% and 6%). However, results showed that a high level of WGF over 9% is not recommended because of unsatisfactory taste. As a whole, addition of appropriate level of WGF in wheat flour could improve the quality of CSB.     

确定137Cs背景值所需的采样点数与采样面积

137Cs背景值的确定是利用核示踪技术研究土壤侵蚀的前提和根本,直接关系到侵蚀速率计算的准确与否。而大部分研究对137Cs背景值的确定均采取随机采样,没有统一的采样点数与确定的采样面积。本研究利用网格加密采样法,对未扰动地和长期耕种且未平整的农耕地各两块样地的137Cs背景值空间变异进行了分析,结果表明：在未扰动地与农耕地采样地块,137Cs采样点数与背景值空间变异系数都存在指数回归关系;在未扰动地块137Cs背景值存在较大空间变异性,且随着网格面积的扩大137Cs空间变异系数表现为增加趋势,在0.25m2范围内选取最少11个样点才能满足试验精度;在农耕地采样地块,因长期的耕种作用使得137Cs在耕层中混合相对均匀,137Cs背景值空间变异性显著变小,最少选取7个样点就能满足试验精度,且不受采样面积的影响。     

Atmospheric Environmental Impact Simulation of Gas Fired Boilers as Peak Load Heat Sources

Heating with gas can reduce air pollutant emission and therefore becomes a new sort of peak load heat source. To study the atmospheric environmental impact, we adopted a newly built combined heating system and simulated its pollutant dispersion for centralized and distributed peak heating. The simulations were based on the improved regulatory environmental impact assessment (EIA) guidelines for atmospheric environment. The model developed an algorithm for infill wind direction simulation and exported pollutant contours for comparisons. Simulation results show that the system's atmospheric environmental impact is related not only to the pollution emission quantity per quantificational heating, but also to the distribution of heat resource in the gas fired boilers. The centralized peak heating has comparatively small environmental impact; for distributed peak heating, the more concentration of gas fired boilers distribution is applied, the more serious environmental impact will be. In addition, the optimum setting proportion of gas fired boilers should be between 0.2 and 0.6 from the perspective of environmental impact.