Radiation Balance Components of Maize Hybrids Grown at Various Plant Densities

Components of the energy and heat balances were examined in two maize hybrids grown at three different plant densities (40, 70 and 100 thousand plants per hectare). One of the hybrids was drought tolerant, while the other was bred for cultivation under irrigated conditions. An increase in plant density influenced not only the size of the leaf area, but also the distribution of the leaves at various plant heights. The extinction coefficient, which provides a quantification of radiation penetration, was higher in the irrigated treatments. By contrast to the other two treatments, the plant canopy in the thinly sown stands remained open throughout the vegetation period, and thus behaved quite differently to the closed stands, making it impossible to compare them. Smaller albedo values were recorded for the hybrid bred for irrigation and in thinly sown stands. The low plant density allowed more energy to reach the soil, from which it was reflected, making a considerable contribution to the final temperature in the stand. The latent heat, in keeping with the quantity of water transpired, was the greatest in the densely sown stands. There was little difference between the latent heat values of the normal and dense stands in either hybrid, indicating that they both had a similar sensitivity to increased stand density. If sufficient water is available it would appear that the stand density could be increased even for the drought-tolerant hybrid.     

Characterization, reference ranges and the influence of gender on morphological parameters of the endangered Catalonian donkey breed

This study characterizes morphometrically a limitedsizepopulation in danger of extinction; the Catalonian donkey breed (Spain). Sixty-nine adult individuals of both genders, forty-four jennies and 25 stallions, were characterized and analyzed for twenty-six morphological measurements and twelve corporal indices by a univariate procedure. The population showed little sexual dimorphism, since only eight of twenty-six measures and one of twelve indices showed statistically significant differences for gender effect. The analysis of correlations between measures and obtained dendrograms allowed the identification of interactions between and within the different corporal regions (head, trunk and extremities). The important morphological variability degree (coefficients of variation) shown by individuals of the Catalonian donkey breed will be of great interest to further improve the population.     

微孔草的分布及植物群落特征研究

采用定量样地法,对孔微草这一特种油料植物的群落结构、群落变异以及群落特征进行了研究。结果表明,微孔草干物质生产量占总量的比率,休闲地为９．１６％、撩荒地为１６．９０％、油草地为１５．３２％、燕麦地为１０．６６％、青稞地为５．９７％;群落系数相应为８７．０９％、８７．９１％、９１．８２％、９５．６５％、９３．６０％;优势度相应为９．６０％、１３．４５％、１１．９９％、１６．６１％、７．１３％。经主分     

The coefficient of dominance is not (always) estimable with biallelic markers

The genetic relationship among individuals at one locus is characterized by nine coefficients of identity. The coefficients of inbreeding, coancestry and dominance (or fraternity) are just linear functions of them. Here, it is shown how they can be estimated using biallelic and triallelic markers using the method of moments, and comparisons are made with other methods based on molecular coancestry or molecular covariance. It is concluded that in the general case of dominance and inbreeding with biallelic markers, only the coefficients of inbreeding and coancestry can be estimated, but neither the single coefficients of identity nor the coefficient of dominance can be estimated. More than two alleles are required for a full estimation as illustrated with the triallelic situation.     

基于NRC模型下不同程度热处理豆渣的营养价值与分子结构功能团特征的相关关系

本试验旨在研究基于NRC模型下不同程度热处理豆渣的营养价值与分子结构功能团特征的相关关系。利用烘箱对豆渣进行不同温度(100、115、130℃)下不同时间(2、4、6 h)的热处理,采用NRC(2001)模型预测不同程度热处理豆渣的代谢蛋白质产量、可消化养分含量和能值,同时利用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)技术分析不同程度热处理豆渣的分子结构功能团特征,并分析它们之间的相关关系。结果表明:1)随着温度的升高以及加热时间的延长,豆渣的代谢蛋白质产量、可消化养分含量和能值呈现出降低的趋势。2)温度和时间对豆渣的分子结构功能团存在显著的互作效应(P<0.05)。3)酰胺Ⅰ带与结构性碳水化合物峰面积比值(AmideⅠ_STCHO)和酰胺Ⅰ带与总碳水化合物峰面积比值(AmideⅠ_CHO)可以共同作为预测因子估测瘤胃可降解蛋白质(R^2=0.35,P<0.05)、过瘤胃蛋白质(R^2=0.35,P<0.05)、小肠可吸收过瘤胃蛋白质(R^2=0.33,P<0.05)和瘤胃可降解蛋白质可合成菌体蛋白质(R^2=0.35,P<0.05)含量。综上所述,不同程度热处理豆渣的分子结构功能团与其代谢蛋白质产量、可消化养分含量和能值之间存在相关关系,初步证明可以利用分子结构功能团对热处理豆渣的营养价值进行快速分析和估测。     

内蒙古典型草原黄囊苔草生长动态对气象因子的滞后响应分析

在全球变化与陆地生态系统关系的研究中,气候和植被相关关系的研究具有非常重要的意义。本文以2014年内蒙古草原生态系统定位站提供的气象数据资料为基础,运用灰色相对关联度以及含有时滞参数的灰色系统模型,分析了内蒙古典型草原区域尺度黄囊苔草(Carex korshinskyi)地上生物量对6种气象因子的响应。结果表明:黄囊苔草对6种气象因子的响应均有滞后效应。黄囊苔草地上生物量对降水量、气温、地温、蒸发量、相对湿度、日照时数的响应分别滞后10,16,16,10,15,5d。此结果将有助于更加深入理解气象因子对植物群落的影响机制,并为草地植被生产力建模与定量预测提供信息基础,以期在实践应用中发挥更高的价值。     

基于图像处理的棉红枯病染病程度研究

为了有效地对棉红枯病的染病程度进行度量,首先运用综合阈值方法从背景图片中分割出叶面区域,根据棉红枯病的染病特点,在RGB颜色空间上提取叶面区域的红色和绿色分量;然后计算其平均值,将两个平均值相除得出红绿比。采用此方法分别对健壮叶面、染病叶面以及重染病叶面进行处理,得出各染病程度的红绿比取值范围并验证。研究表明,利用此方法进行染病程度的度量是可行的,为有目的地对棉花进行处理提供了理论依据。     

不同年份和类型杂交稻稻米品质性状间的相关性分析

对2003～2005年来自福建省水稻品种区域试验的282个早籼、中籼和晚籼杂交稻品种的12项稻米品质指标进行了相关性分析.结果表明:不同年份和稻作类型12项品质性状两两间均表现正向和负向的显著或极显著相关的各有3组:糙米率与精米率、垩白粒率与垩白度、胶稠度与质量指数和垩白粒率与透明度、垩白粒率与质量指数、直链淀粉含量与质量指数.不同年份和稻作类型12项品质性状两两间均表现正向和负向的显著或极显著相关的各有1组:早、中型杂交稻的垩白粒率与直链淀粉含量;早、晚型杂交稻的胶稠度与直链淀粉含量;中、晚型杂交稻的整精米率与粒长.研究结果还表明这9组性状间的相关极明显和稳定,不因年份、稻作类型和品种的不同而有变化,可直接应用于杂交稻优质育种中.     

不同用量蜂蜜对水稻秧苗生长的影响

研究了不同用量蜂蜜条件下水稻秧苗的生长情况。结果表明：f1.0和f2.0用量处理在叶龄、叶绿素含量、活跃吸收面积、发根力、充实度等方面均优于ck和其它用量处理，说明了蜂蜜中的一些营养物质对秧苗生长有一定的促进作用，并增强了秧苗期抗低温的能力。     

基于土地利用/覆盖的干旱绿洲区植被覆盖度变化--以新疆生产建设兵团第八师为例

为了探讨西北干旱绿洲区土地利用/覆盖类型景观格局特征,以及不同土地利用/覆盖类型植被覆盖度变化,本文以干旱典型绿洲区新疆生产建设兵团第八师为研究区,选取2000年、2005年的Landsat TM和2010年环境一号星CCD遥感影像数据,采用室内解译与野外核查相结合,运用RS和GIS技术分析了该区域的土地利用/覆盖和景观格局变化特征,并基于土地利用/覆盖类型选取3年的MODIS数据进行了植被覆盖度变化分析。结果表明:1)该研究区主要以耕地、草地和灌丛为主,占总面积的88.9%。在自然因素和人为因素的综合作用下,干旱绿洲区土地利用/覆盖类型发生明显变化,草地和灌丛呈减少趋势,面积分别由2000年的2 603.2 km2和1 166.2 km2减少至2010年的1 677.3 km2和933.8 km2;耕地和城镇逐步增加,面积分别由2000年的2 892.8 km2和209.2 km2增加至2010年的4 038.3 km2和259.1 km2;耕地主要由草地和灌丛转化而来,城镇主要由耕地转化而来,土地利用变化整体处于不平衡发展趋势。2)研究区景观特征趋于简单,土地利用变化改变了该区域景观格局,景观多样性、均匀度减少,优势度明显增大,破碎化程度降低,生物多样性也呈向单一方向转变的趋势。3)受气候等主要因素的影响,2000—2010年植被覆盖度呈先降低后逐步升高的趋势,不同土地利用/覆盖类型植被覆盖度表现为林地耕地草地灌丛荒漠,林地、灌丛、草地和耕地植被覆盖度分别增加6.7%、38.2%、15.6%和12.3%;较高和高等级植被覆盖面积增加,中、较低和低等级植被覆盖度面积减少。4)温度一定的条件下,降雨量是影响干旱绿洲区植被覆盖变化的关键因素。该研究结果可为新疆生产建设兵团生态环境保护管理以及合理规划生产模式提供科学的参考依据。