太原引种印度辣木栽培试验

为了探索辣木在太原地区栽培的可行性及叶菜用辣木栽培方法,将印度传统辣木种子应用容器播种育苗后,在露地与温室分别进行栽培试验,并进行扦插及组培繁育试验。结果表明,引种栽培时用种子繁育,扩大繁殖也可扦插或组培繁育;露地栽培适宜生长期为6～8月,生长量大,不能露地越冬;温室栽培全年生长,但夏季遮阴条件下生长不良。太原地区温室可全年生产辣木叶菜,露地可在夏季生产3个月。     

智能育秧群棚监控系统的设计与应用

针对现有水稻育秧棚监控现状的不足,设计了一套智能育秧群棚监控系统。该系统能够实现育秧棚环境参数的实时采集、无线数据上传、数据显示,上传的数据在智能监控中心保存,海量数据可为农业生成决策提供数据支持,监控中心依据设定的农艺要求,可实现通风设施与灌溉设备的全自动控制,确保秧苗生长在最佳环境中,为水稻工厂化育秧提供技术支持。监控中心与育秧棚采集控制器利用无线方式进行通信,解决了布线难等问题,该系统还具有低功耗、低成本和可靠性高、GSM短信远程提醒等特点。     

限根栽培对设施大樱桃幼树控冠效果的研究

为解决设施大樱桃树冠生长旺盛、结果晚、产量低的问题,采用槽式、箱筐式以及结合根系断根修剪的限根技术,研究了不同限根方式对设施大樱桃幼树的控冠效果。结果表明,环形断根抑制株高和新梢生长的作用大于平行行向两侧纵向断根的抑制作用,其中环形断根抑制株高首年和次年分别为20.4%和19.1%,平行行向两侧纵向断根抑制株高首年和次年分别为18.3%和11.4%;环形断根抑制新梢生长长度首年和次年分别为23.7%和25.3%,平行行向两侧纵向断根抑制新梢长度首年和次年分别为18.4%和15.3%。限根栽培第2年,环形断根和平行行向两侧纵向断根处理每株花芽形成数量分别高于对照51.6%和61.7%,每株花束状果枝数分别高于对照84.6%和67.0%。限根栽培改变了树体内赤霉素水平。研究认为,限根栽培明显抑制设施大樱桃的生长,并能显著提高设施大樱桃花芽分化数量;设施大樱桃限根栽培方式可以采用断根修剪处理和箱框式限根处理,断根处理的限根栽培方式以平行行向距主干30cm处两侧纵向断根为宜。     

河南省主要造林树种含碳率比较研究

应用湿烧法对河南省10个主要造林树种不同器官的含碳率进行了测定、分析。结果表明,各组分含碳率为35.5%～47.6%,泡桐枝的含碳率最低,为35.5%,毛白杨根的含碳率最高,为47.6%;将10个树种的含碳率进行聚类分析,含碳率较高的树种是国槐、旱柳、椿树、楝树、法桐,可以作为河南省碳汇造林的优势树种。     

优化设施环境 生产安全农产品

内蒙古敖汉旗从河北保定引进了较先进的节能日光温室和连栋温室,通过采取多层覆盖等措施,实现了在北纬40°左右寒冷地区冬季不加温情况下喜温果菜的安全生产。通过应用外保温空心砖墙、消雾棚膜、内外遮阳、微喷灌、防虫网、诱虫板、燃煤热风炉等配套技术,实行配方施肥,增施沼渣或生物菌肥。推广黄瓜、茄子嫁接和果实套袋栽培,可减少农药污染和有效改善品质。为解决以前设施农业生产中经常出现的诸如:温室采光保温设计不合理、竹木土墙架构的棚室简陋、病虫为害不断加重、连作障碍增加等问题提供了较好的解决方案,并提出了设施农业如何生产出质量安全的农产品的切实可行的途径和方法。     

Yield Maximization in Cassava through a Systematic Approach in Fertilizer Use

Abstract

Maximum yield research (MYR) and maximum economic yield systems (MEY) are important under the present situation of increased demographic changes, which have reduced the per capita availability of both land and food. Among root and tuber crops, cassava is found in a variety of production systems and performs well under various levels of management from low‐input to high‐input systems. A systematic approach in fertilizer use involves the determination and elimination of soil nutrient constraints for balanced supply of all potentially deficient essential nutrients for sustainable high yield. In the systematic approach of determining optimal fertilizer for cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in a Typic Kandiustult soil of Kerala, India, studies on critical levels of nutrients, original nutritional status of the soil, its sorption capacity, and greenhouse/screenhouse nutrient survey were carried out. The critical levels of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) were determined as 8.23 and 43.5 µg g^?1, respectively. The preliminary analysis of the soil of the experimental site revealed the overall fertility status as very poor. The sorption studies conducted for P, K, copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), sulfur (S), and boron (B) indicated P, K, S, and B were limiting in this particular soil. The quantities of these nutrients needed to optimize the soil nutrient status were determined from the preliminary soil analysis, critical levels of nutrients, and sorption curves and found to be 136 µg mL^?1 P, 0.338 meq 100 mL^?1 K, 20 µg mL^?1 S, and 6.025 µg mL^?1 B, respectively. From the greenhouse nutrient survey, N, P, K, and calcium (Ca) were seen as limiting nutrients for this soil; therefore the optimum treatment for cassava was fixed as N‐P‐K at 100:300:300 kg ha^?1, respectively. Field experiments were conducted for two seasons with different levels of the optimum treatment using a short duration (6–7 months) cassava variety, Sree Vijaya. The optimum treatment gave a yield of 43.41 t ha^?1, whereas the yield under the existing practice recommendations was 20–25 t ha^?1. Economic analysis showed this optimum treatment as the best in terms of highest gross return (Rs 1,31,125/‐), net return (Rs 83,150/‐), added return (Rs 70, 178/‐), added profit (Rs 56,142/‐), and benefit cost ratio (BCR) (2.73).     

吐鲁番地区温室甜瓜春提早栽培技术

吐鲁番昼夜温差大,光照资源丰富,独特的气候资源为甜瓜的生产提供了有利的条件.现结合吐鲁番当地气候特点,从品种选择、育苗、定植、田间管理、病虫害防治、采收等多个方面,归纳出一套较为完整的甜瓜栽培管理技术,旨为吐鲁番地区甜瓜种植提供技术参考.     

ARM单片机技术特点及其应用

通过与传统的51单片机比较,介绍ARM单片机在指令系统、寄存器结构和总线技术等方面的优势,以及在车载数码系统和温室监控系统中的应用,并对ARM单片机的发展趋势进行了展望.     

合理开发利用香椿资源积极发展香椿多功能栽培

针对甘肃省大部分地区气候干旱、平均气温低、土壤含盐量和pH较高、光照资源充足的生态资源特征，根据香椿的栽培学生态适应性，提出了合理开发香椿资源，发展菜材兼用香椿栽培的意义，认为适合推广的栽培模式主要有日光温室矮化密植灌木型蔬菜栽培、农村庭院经济栽培、香椿与其他蔬菜间作栽培和退耕还林生态林培育等。     

景观花卉越冬的防护措施

景观花卉安全越冬是一个复杂的问题,如果处理不好,就会使大量花卉受冻甚至死亡,造成大量经济损失。通过对花卉温室的隔热效果、几种家庭常见花卉的生长习性及越冬保护措施、冬季花卉的日常维护管理及其病虫害的防治等方面的研究,提出了花木过冬的具体保护措施。