香菇精深加工及生物活性研究进展

通过对香菇营养成分、活性成分,精深加工、生物活性研究进展的综述,总结了香菇休闲食品、香菇调味品、香菇风味食品等的精深加工现状,归纳了香菇多糖、香菇嘌呤及香菇多肽等活性物质的研究利用现状,为香菇资源的综合开发利用提供参考。研究发现,国内香菇产品精深加工能力明显不足,活性物质提取与应用存在明显短板,制约了香菇产业的健康发展。要将香菇资源优势转化为经济优势,就必须走精深加工的线路,尤其是开发和应用具有功能活性的高附加值产品。     

Dermacozine N,the First Natural Linear Pentacyclic Oxazinophenazine with UV–Vis Absorption Maxima in the Near Infrared Region,along with Dermacozines O and P Isolated from the Mariana Trench Sediment Strain Dermacoccus abyssi MT 1.1T

Three dermacozines, dermacozines N–P (1–3), were isolated from the piezotolerant Actinomycete strain Dermacoccus abyssi MT 1.1^T, which was isolated from a Mariana Trench sediment in 2006. Herein, we report the elucidation of their structures using a combination of 1D/2D NMR, LC-HRESI-MSⁿ, UV–Visible, and IR spectroscopy. Further confirmation of the structures was achieved through the analysis of data from density functional theory (DFT)–UV–Visible spectral calculations and statistical analysis such as two tailed t-test, linear regression-, and multiple linear regression analysis applied to either solely experimental or to experimental and calculated ¹³C-NMR chemical shift data. Dermacozine N (1) bears a novel linear pentacyclic phenoxazine framework that has never been reported as a natural product. Dermacozine O (2) is a constitutional isomer of the known dermacozine F while dermacozine P (3) is 8-benzoyl-6-carbamoylphenazine-1-carboxylic acid. Dermacozine N (1) is unique among phenoxazines due to its near infrared (NIR) absorption maxima, which would make this compound an excellent candidate for research in biosensing chemistry, photodynamic therapy (PDT), opto-electronic applications, and metabolic mapping at the cellular level. Furthermore, dermacozine N (1) possesses weak cytotoxic activity against melanoma (A2058) and hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2) with IC₅₀ values of 51 and 38 μM, respectively.     

新疆叶尔羌河中游河段深厚覆盖层成因探讨

深厚覆盖层是叶尔羌河中游河段水利开发过程中遇到的主要工程地质问题之一。分析研究该河段覆盖层的形成时代、物质组成、发育特征及成因类型对工程建设有重大的实际意义。作者通过对叶尔羌河流域118km(錾高坝址-大同乡)的实地调查并根据钻孔资料和物探测试成果,将中游段的覆盖层分为两大岩性组(Ⅰ岩性组(Qa3l)、Ⅱ岩性组(Qa4l))三大层。且将深厚覆盖层成因类型归纳为气候和冰川作用、"构造型"加积、泥石流加积作用及地形地貌4种。     

结合先验形状信息和序贯学习的心血管内超声外弹力膜检测

目的 针对心血管内超声(IVUS)图像中钙化斑块、声影等干扰因素影响外弹力膜(EEM)轮廓检测准确性的问题,提出结合先验形状信息和序贯学习分类的心血管内超声外弹力膜检测的改进算法。方法 首先用多类多尺度序贯学习(M²SSL)将IVUS图像分割七大不同组织;然后在分类结果的基础上,结合血管先验形状信息筛选出外弹力膜轮廓的关键点;最后,结合IVUS图像的梯度和相位信息,采用Snake模型,获得最终的EEM轮廓。结果 临床采集22组IVUS序列,挑选出具有代表性的153帧图像做实验。统计数据显示:本文算法检测结果的平均Jacc指标为88.5%,满足临床诊断要求,性能优于国内近年来较好的算法。结论 本文的EEM自动检测算法简单有效,相比国内已有算法,提高了对钙化、纤维斑块以及声影区域的识别能力,对含钙化斑块、纤维斑块或血管中心偏移的高频IVUS图像具有较高的适用性。     

高校学习共享空间的建设现状及发展障碍分析

从构建要素、服务设施、服务项目等方面对高校学习共享空间进行调研,进而分析存在的诸如前期规划和调研不足、服务整合不够、部门之间缺乏合作、宣传力度欠佳、评价体系不规范等问题,分析问题存在的原因,解析具体应对措施。     

Impacts of domestication on angling vulnerability of common carp,Cyprinus carpio: the role of learning,foraging behaviour and food preferences

Domestication in fish selection increases vulnerability to angling. Two common garden‐reared genotypes of common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., differing in degree of domestication (highly domesticated mirror carp and less domesticated scaled carp) were exposed to fishing in two environments (i.e. ponds and laboratory tanks) to quantify vulnerability to angling. Foraging behaviour and food preferences were quantified to explain variation in angling vulnerability in a mechanistic manner. Domesticated mirror carp were more vulnerable to angling gear than scaled carp in both environments, which was related to greater food intake and bolder‐foraging behaviour. Independent of genotype, catchability decreased and time until first capture increased over fishing time, indicating learned hook avoidance. No differences were observed in food preferences among genotypes, rendering bait‐selective feeding an unlikely explanation for differential vulnerability to angling. It was concluded that vulnerability to angling has a genetic basis in carp and that boldness plays a paramount role in explaining why more domesticated genotypes are more easily captured by angling.     

渔情预报技术及模型研究进展

随着渔业资源的衰退和渔业生产成本的增加,渔业企业对于渔情预报的要求不断提高,渔情预报技术和模型的研究受到了越来越多地重视,已经成为渔场学研究的重点之一。渔情预报可分为关于资源状况的预报、关于时间的预报和关于空间的预报,各类预报对渔业生产和管理都具有重要的意义。本文结合国内外研究现状,简要概述了渔情预报的理论和方法,包括渔情预报相关的渔场学基础、数据模型和预报模型,重点介绍了基于统计和机器学习、人工智能方法的渔情预报模型,并对各种模型在渔情预报应用中的优势与缺陷进行了总结,最后针对渔情预报系统应用中存在的问题,对渔情预报研究提出了一些建议：建立专为渔业服务的海洋环境预报系统;进行长期和系统的渔业资源调查,并针对不同鱼种和海区对数据获取和处理方法进行标准化和规范化;借助随机模拟方法降低模型不确定性,提高预报精度。     

A sterol and spiroditerpenoids from a Penicillium sp. isolated from a deep sea sediment sample

A new polyoxygenated sterol, sterolic acid (1), three new breviane spiroditerpenoids, breviones I-K (2-4), and the known breviones (5-8), were isolated from the crude extract of a Penicillium sp. obtained from a deep sea sediment sample that was collected at a depth of 5115 m. The structures of 1-4 were elucidated primarily by NMR experiments, and 1 was further confirmed by X-ray crystallography. The absolute configurations of 2 and 3 were deduced by comparison of their CD spectra with those of the model compounds. Compounds 2 and 5 showed significant cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cells, which is comparable to the positive control cisplatin.     

适应泥脚变化的可调式深泥田耕作机的研制

对传统船形耕作机进行了改进设计,在变速箱输出端增加可摆动的臂式传动箱,由臂式传动箱将动力传递给驱动轮,并由液压装置无级控制其摆动角度,改变驱动轮的位置,以适应泥脚深度的变化。驱动轮为具有可折叠楔形轮齿的铁轮和橡胶轮的组合,保证稳定的驱动力。采用四轮配置,设计快速拆装前导向轮机构,使耕作机适用于泥田与运输作业,提高综合利用效能。田间试验表明,耕作机适应的最大泥脚深度达75cm。     

基于迭代学习控制算法的苹果园灌溉系统

介绍了一种基于迭代学习控制算法的苹果园灌溉系统。硬件电路由MSP430F149单片机、TR-5型土壤水分传感器、太阳能供电模块及灌溉控制电路组成。迭代学习控制算法应用于苹果园灌溉这种具有重复运动性质的控制过程中,利用本次的灌溉信息,通过迭代学习律修正下一次的灌水量,实现在有限时间区间上的果园最佳土壤含水量精确控制。解决因苹果园地表灌溉水需经较长时间才能渗透到苹果树吸收水分根系的主要分布区,所造成的实时控制系统无法及时准确获取果园土壤含水量反馈信息的问题。