复合稳定剂对调配型酸性乳饮料稳定性的影响

[目的]解决调配型酸乳饮料因脂肪上浮和蛋白质沉淀而导致稳定性很差的问题。[方法]利用果胶、羧甲基纤维素钠、大豆水溶性多糖、海藻酸丙二醇酯进行复配对调配型酸乳饮料稳定性进行研究。[结果]研究得出,果胶浓度0.11%,羧甲基纤维素钠浓度0.05%,大豆水溶性多糖浓度0.11%,PGA浓度0.13%时,酸性乳饮料稳定性最好,离心沉淀率为2.5%。[结论]该研究可为生产出稳定性较好的调配型酸乳饮料提供技术支持。     

新疆红枣果醋饮料的开发

以新疆和田骏枣为原料,探讨液态法发酵生产红枣醋及其醋酸饮料的调配。结果表明,采用液态法生产的红枣醋具有红枣特有的香味,酸味柔和,可以作为调配醋酸饮料的原料。通过正交试验确定红枣醋酸饮料优化配方为:100 mL果醋饮料中含红枣原醋12 mL,红枣汁23 mL,甜蜜素用量0.08 g,乙基麦芽酚用量0.02 g。     

Application of Membrane Separation Technologyin Water & Wastewater Treatment and Its Relative Priority

The application of membrane separation technology in water and wastewater field is introduced in this paper. It is demonstrated that membrane separation technology is the future of the development of water and wastewater treatment, as well as water industry, compared with conventional treatment methods from three aspects: technology, economy and operation and management, the relative priority of the membrane is discussed.     

乌梅绿豆沙复合保健饮料的研制

以乌梅,绿豆为主要原料,开发研制了具有营养保健作用的复合保健饮品.在试验研究过程中,通过正交实验,筛选出了该复合保健饮料的最佳配方,并对一些影响产品组织状态和风味的加工工艺进行了探讨.     

Morphogenic gradients of adventitious bud and shoot regeneration in epicotyl explants of Citrus

The in vitro responses of epicotyl explants from ‘Cravo’ rangpur lime (Citrus limonia Osb.), ‘Foster’ grapefruit (C. paradisi Macf.), and ‘Pera’ sweet orange (C. sinensis (L.) Osb.) were characterized for the first time. Further analysis was performed in ‘Cravo’ rangpur lime and ‘Foster’ grapefruit aiming to verify the in vitro morphogenesis of five distinct regions of the epicotyl under different treatments. It was observed the same general pattern of morphogenic gradient along the epicotyl axis in both citrus cultivars, with greater organogenic response as the distance of the explants from the cotyledonary node increased. This morphogenic gradient was influenced by factors related to plant material, composition of the culture medium, and conditions of incubation. The regions of the epicotyl farthest from cotyledons could be used as a source of explants in experiments of genetic transformation of the genotypes evaluated aiming to improve the efficiency of production of transgenic Citrus plants.     

引进葡萄柚营养状况与果实品质的相关性

为给果园进行科学、合理培肥提供参考依据,以葡萄柚的9个品种为试材,主要对葡萄柚试验园土壤矿质元素有效性、果实内矿质元素含量、果实内矿质元素间相关关系及果实内矿质元素含量对果实糖、酸、维生素C、可溶性固形物含量的影响等方面进行了研究。结果表明,本试验园葡萄柚各品种种植区的土壤养分含量较均匀,无明显差异;葡萄柚果实N、K、Ca、Mg、Mn元素的含量较低,均有不同程度的缺乏状态;Fe元素的含量适宜;P元素的含量偏高;对葡萄柚9个品种的果实品质进行了综合评价,结果表明,火焰、亨路比和哈路比品种品质表现较好,而帕利斯品种品质表现较差;葡萄柚果实中矿质元素含量与果实内含物的相关性表现在:总糖与N、P、K、Ca、Zn含量呈极显著正相关,酸含量与N含量呈极显著负相关,Vc含量与P、K、Ca、Zn含量呈极显著正相关,可溶性固形物含量与果实内Ca、Zn含量呈显著正相关。     

嗜酸乳杆菌发酵乳饮料生产工艺和稳定性的研究

嗜酸乳杆菌发酵乳饮料是一种营养丰富且具有保健功能的乳饮料。对嗜酸乳杆菌发酵乳饮料的生产工艺及其稳定性进行了研究。通过正交试验确定出稳定剂的最佳配方用量是:CMC0.2%,果胶0.3%,柠檬酸钠0.05%或CMC0.1%,果胶0.3%,三聚磷酸钠0.1%,柠檬酸钠0.1%。考察了不同均质压力对产品的沉淀率和口感的影响,并对不同均质压力下产品的颗粒分布进行了测试,确定了最佳均质压力为15～20MPa。测定出活菌型产品在温度4℃下贮藏18d,产品中嗜酸乳杆菌的活菌数大于1×106cfu/mL。     

低糖黄瓜汁饮料的研制

研究了以黄瓜为主料,木糖醇和柠檬酸为辅料加工低糖黄瓜汁饮料的工艺。通过正交试验得出最佳的榨汁条件及饮料配方,并探讨了饮料的灭菌条件及其稳定性。最后测定产品的感官性状、理化指标及微生物指标,确保达到饮料标准。黄瓜汁饮料的配方为:黄瓜汁40%,木糖醇8%,柠檬酸0.09%,VC0.06%,稳定剂选用0.1%琼脂+0.1%CMC—Na,灭菌条件为90℃下灭菌8min。     

Determination of grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) peel extract bio‐active substances and its application in Caspian white fish (Rutilus frisii kutum) diet: Growth,haemato‐biochemical parameters and intestinal morphology

In this study, total phenolic and flavonoid contents of grapefruit peel extract (GPE) were equal to 117.3 ± 0.3 µg of gallic acid/mg and 39.30 ± 0.1 µg of quercetin/mg respectively. Caspian white fish (n = 180, 4 ± 0.9 g body weight) was fed with supplemented diets, including 0, 6.25, 12.5 and 25 mg of GPE/kg for 60 days at 25 ± 1°C. The growth performance was markedly improved in fish fed with 25 mg/kg of GPE compared to others (p < 0.05). Moreover, fish fed with 25 mg/kg of GPE showed a significant increase in red blood cell (2.65·10⁶ cell/mm³), white blood cell (17.75·10³ cell/mm³), packed cell volume (48%) and haemoglobin concentrations (8.75 g/dl) compared to the control (p < 0.05). However, the highest alanine aminotransferase (140 U/L), alanine transaminase (14.5 U/L), and alkaline phosphatase (18.5 U/L) were observed in control group. Morphological analysis of intestine revealed the highest amount of villus width (8.4 µM), height (32.86 µM) and surface area (342.7 µM²) in fish fed with 25 mg/kg of GPE (p < 0.05). In conclusion, supplementing feed with GPE at 25 g/kg can improve growth performance and haemato‐biochemical parameters of Caspian white fish fry.     

葡萄柚精油“除萜赋香”工艺的优化研究

葡萄柚精油中的主要化学成分柠檬烯易氧化呈异味,是影响货架期和赋香性能的主要原因。为解决这一问题,本文以温度和压力为影响因子,以馏出物中的柠檬烯含量(Y₁)、馏余浓缩物中的柠檬烯(Y₂)、芳樟醇(Y₃)及葵醛含量(Y₄)为响应值,采用气相色谱技术检测各组分含量,设计中心组合试验对分子蒸馏工艺进行响应面优化,分离去除原油中的柠檬烯,制备高倍浓缩精油。结果表明:温度和压力对Y₂、Y₃、Y₄均有显著影响,响应面模型的优化温度为44.89 ℃,压力为500 Pa,Y₁、Y₂、Y₃、Y₄的预测值分别为94.84%、49.75%、1.63%、2.39%,对应实际值分别为94.89%、49.72%、1.59%、2.34%,与预测值基本吻合,验证了该模型的合理性。浓缩后的精油呈棕褐色,香气更加醇厚、柔润,氧化物含量从3.41%上升到29.31%,实现了8.6倍浓缩。本研究可为其他柑橘类精油的浓缩提供参考。