Factors affecting the virulence of Ralstonia solanacearum and its colonization on tobacco roots

Tobacco bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is a serious disease affecting tobacco cultivation in southwest China. The response surface methodology was employed to evaluate the optimal conditions of tobacco bacterial wilt, and green fluorescent protein gene (gfp) labelling was applied to monitor the location and survival dynamics of R. solanacearum (Rs::gfp) on tobacco roots and in soil under these optimal conditions. The results showed that the highest wilt incidence was 91.13%, which occurred when the population reached 6.6 × 10⁶ CFU/g soil, the temperature was 30.55 °C, and the humidity was >81.42%. The Rs::gfp densely colonized the root tips and root hairs, and cells of Rs::gfp were observed intermittently in the elongation zone or at the point of the emerging lateral roots. The Rs::gfp number in the rhizosphere soil was 10.75‐, 73.13‐ and 74.86‐times higher than that in the bulk soil at 10, 15 and 20 days after transplantation, respectively. Increased colonization by Rs::gfp was related to the population of the pathogen, the environmental temperature and the humidity in the soil. These three conditions determined whether R. solanacearum would induce tobacco wilt. This is the first study to investigate factors affecting the virulence of a tobacco wilt bacterial pathogen, which is important for conducting field diagnosis and biocontrol of tobacco bacterial wilt.     

核不育亚麻不育株与可育株同工酶分析

本文采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法,对核不育亚麻不育株和可育株分别进行了过氧化物酶同工酶、酯酶同工酶的比较研究,找到了过氧化物酶同工酶在不育株和可育株整个营养生长时期的变化规律;同时发现了不育株和可育株雄蕊的两种同工酶酶谱存在着显著差异。也就是说,雄性不育基因调控了同工酶的形成和差异,进而影响了相应组织的生长     

TLC-HPLC检测三黄连合剂的有效成分

[目的]以薄层色谱法-高效液相色谱法(TLC-HPLC)检测三黄连合剂的有效成分,为制定其质量标准及后期临床推广应用提供理论依据.[方法]采用TLC对三黄连合剂中的主要组分黄连、黄芩和连翘进行定性鉴别,并以HPLC对其主要有效成分黄芩苷、盐酸小檗碱和连翘苷进行含量测定.[结果]三黄连合剂TLC色谱中的图像斑点清晰,与标准品对照斑点对齐,颜色一致.HPLC测定三黄连合剂中黄芩苷、连翘苷和盐酸小檗碱分别在75.00~1200.00μg/mL(r=0.9997) 、4.17~66.67 μg/mL(r=0.9998)、9.38~150.00 μg/mL(r=0.9999)范围内线性关系良好,平均回收率分别为113.92%、100.18%和100.40%,其含量分别为5.03、0.25和0.27 mg/mL.[结论]TLC-HPLC可作为三黄连合剂的质量控制方法,且操作简便、重现性良好.     

基于14C同化物运转和分配对黄柏剥皮的再生机理

以14C为示踪剂,用14CO2+CO2法对2年生黄柏进行半株标记,在主干上环状剥去韧皮部,以塑料薄膜包裹,燃烧法制样、液体闪烁测量法测14C活度。结果表明,未剥皮黄柏韧皮部的14C同化物运输速率为52.0cm/h,3h左右同化物从树冠运输到根系,树冠不同部位的功能叶14C同化物分配为:中部功能叶>上部功能叶>下部功能叶;剥皮后,同化物分配规律改变为:上部功能叶>中部功能叶>下部功能叶;剥皮第15天在新生韧皮部、剥口下方的树皮及根系中检测到14C同化物,表明新生韧皮部的生理功能得到恢复。     

HPLC-PDA法测定恩诺沙星注射液中非法添加乙酰甲喹、水杨酸

建立了高效液相色谱法测定恩诺沙星注射液中非法添加乙酰甲喹、水杨酸含量的方法。试验采用十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶色谱柱,以0.025moL/L磷酸溶液-乙腈(85:15, v/v)为流动相,流速为1.0 mL/min,二极管阵列检测器进行全扫描和232nm波长测定。结果表明乙酰甲喹在0.5～20μg/mL范围内线性良好,R²=1.000,回收率在98.21%～107.94%之间;水杨酸在1.0～50μg/mL范围内线性良好,R²=1.000,回收率在96.33%～100.84%之间;RSD在0.11%～3.44%之间。本方法准确、可靠、重现性好,可用于恩诺沙星注射液中非法添加乙酰甲喹、水杨酸的定性和定量检测。     

城市工业用水量的灰色马尔可夫预测模型

灰色GM(1,1)是预测城市工业用水量的模型,这种模型不适合长期的、随机和波动性较大的数据序列预测,但是马尔可夫模型适合描述随机波动性较大的预测问题.可以将这两种模型结合,构建灰色马尔可夫预测模型.按特定的状态划分方法,先用灰色GM(1,1)预测模型进行预测,再用马尔可夫模型预测结果进行优化,使预测精度大大提高.最后以抚顺市为例,预测结果证明了该模型的优势.     

Dietary levamisole modulates the immune response and disease resistance of Asian catfish Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus)

In order to determine the immunomodulatory effect of dietary levamisole in Asian catfish (Clarias batrachus), fish were fed four different diets for 10 days: a formulated diet as control and the same diet supplemented with 50, 150 or 450 mg levamisole kg^?1 feed. The serum bacterial agglutination titre against Aeromonas hydrophila as a measure of specific immunity, serum haemagglutination titre, natural haemolytic complement activity (ACH₅₀), myeloperoxidase and lysozyme activities, total protein level and oxidative radical production by neutrophils as a measure of non‐specific immunity as well as disease resistance against A. hydrophila challenge to separate vaccinated and non‐vaccinated groups were evaluated at 0, 1, 2 and 3 weeks after last administration of levamisole. Levamisole supplement at the lowest level (50 mg kg^?1) significantly enhanced oxidative radical production and serum myeloperoxidase (MPO) content immediately after 10 days of feeding, which reached peak values after 3 and 2 weeks of feeding respectively. Haemolytic complement and haemagglutination titre were significantly enhanced after 3 and 1 weeks respectively. Haemolytic complement activity and MPO activities were significantly raised to 150 mg kg^?1 after 3 and 2 weeks, respectively. At the highest level of levamisole feeding (450 mg kg^?1) significant decreases in superoxide production and complement activity were measured immediately after levamisole feeding, which returned to the normal level after 1 week post‐ feeding. Fish were challenged with a virulent strain of A. hydrophila at 0, 1, 2 and 3 weeks after levamisole feeding, and the cumulative per cent survival was recorded over 10 days. Feeding levamisole at 50, 150 or 450 mg kg^?1 increased per cent survival in vaccinated fish immediately after levamisole feeding, and survival was significantly higher at 450 mg kg^?1. There was no difference in mortality patterns in non‐vaccinated fish. The results support the use of levamisole at 50 mg kg^?1 feed for 10 days as an immunostimulant in Asian catfish farming.     

冬小麦根系干重对水分的反应类型

利用塑料管栽培方法,对15个黄淮海地区推广的小麦品种进行了根系对水分反应的研究。结果表明,这些品种的根系对水分反应不同。用聚类分析法可将品种分为正敏感型、不敏感型、较敏感型和负敏感型4种类型。品种的抗旱指数与根系反应没有明显的相关性。     

牛类胰岛素生长因子结合蛋白3基因PCR-SSCP分析

采用PCR-SSCP技术分析了牛类胰岛素生长因子结合蛋白3(IGFBP3)基因在南阳牛、鲁西牛和中国西门塔尔牛3个牛品种中的遗传多态性。结果表明:IGFBP3的第3外显子不存在遗传多态性;第2外显子在3个牛品种中检测到了AA、AB和BB基因型,而且A等位基因为3个牛群体的优势等位基因,分布较高。3个品种中,中国西门塔尔牛AA基因型频率最高,达到0.6615,而鲁西牛和南阳牛则相对较低,分别为0.4043和0.3095。对第2外显子的多态片段测序分析表明:位于IGFBP3基因第8069bp处发生单碱基突变T→C,并导致了苯丙氨酸变为亮氨酸。     

香樟的引种与驯化研究

对香樟(Cinnamomum camphora(Linn)Presl)由原产地引进北方园林的主要制约因素——冬季低温及越冬抗寒能力进行研究，观察比较越冬失败的原因，总结出了引种驯化的技术经验，使香樟真正落户于北方园林。