葡萄绿枝嫁接改良技术

葡萄夏季绿枝嫁接具有接口伤流相对较少、成活率高、嫁接后抽生新梢在秋季能确保成熟并木质化等优点。通过5年多的葡萄绿枝嫁接试验,对葡萄嫁接过程中嫁接时间、接穗的木质化程度、绑缚方法、浇水保湿等环节做了详细的探讨,总结出来一套葡萄绿枝嫁接的关键技术,极大地提高了葡萄嫁接成活率,是一项葡萄老果园快速更新换代的实用技术,值得广泛推广。     

A statistical assessment of genotypic sensitivity of groundnut (Arachis hypogae L.) to drought in line source sprinkler experiments

Summary Crosses between common bean genotypes from different centres of origin can result in F₁ plants with dwarfing that is severe enough to prevent formation of F₂ seed. This hybrid dwarfness is controlled by two complementary genes, Dl-1 and Dl-2. The dominant alleles at both loci must be present to cause dwarfing, and an increased dose of either allele increases the severity of the dwarfing. Since dwarfing restricts crossing among gene pools, it holds interests for bean breeding and studies of bean evolution and physiology. Results of grafting studies are described which confirm the previously reported dependance of dwarfing on independent root and shoot effects, and further show that grafting may be used to characterize genotypes for presence of the Dl-1 and Dl-2 alleles and to produce normal shoots in plants which otherwise would have been dwarfed. In the first experiment, two carriers each of Dl-1 and Dl-2 and a non-carrier were grafted reciprocally; of the 25 combinations, only the four combinations of Dl-2-carrying shoots with Dl-1-carrying roots produced dwarfing. In a second experiment, 11 carriers of Dl-1 and 9 of Dl-2 were grafted to Dl-1 roots and Dl-2 shoots. Although most graft combinations where Dl-1 roots were combined with Dl-2 shoots resulted in dwarfed plants, 10 genotypes showed mixed responses or otherwise did not respond as expected. Further experiments confirmed the occurrence of materials giving mixed responses or showing dwarfing irrespective of the graft combination. While grafting has utility as a screening tool, results should be interpreted with caution. There remains a need to determine whether the unexplained results reflect effects of additional alleles or genes affecting the dwarfing response. Grafting was used successfully to obtain normal F₁ shoots, and ultimately, to produce F₂ seed after two cycles of backcrossing (BC₂) for four crosses which otherwise would have given dwarfed plants. Segregation of dwarfed and normal plants in progeny rows of F₂ plants derived from the BC₂ populations showed 1:3 ratios, this being consistent with the reported inheritance.     

Graft-induced changes in soybean storage proteins. I. Appearance of the changes

Summary Genetic changes induced by grafting were observed in soybean storage proteins, involving the 11S acidic subunit composition and Kunitz trypsin inhibitor. Changes from Gly ₁ Gly ₁to Gly ₁ gly ₁involved the 11S acidic subunit, and those from Ti ⁰Ti⁰ to Ti ³Ti⁰ involved the KTI in the first progeny (G₁S₁) in the scion (Gly ₁ Gly ₁ Ti ⁰Ti⁰, var. Kinzu) grafted onto var. Raiden (gly ₁ gly ₁ Ti ³ Ti ³). The progenies G₁S₂ and G₂S₁ from the seeds that had been changed segregated for both proteins. However, the segregation ratio in the progenies were different from those of the F₂'s from the sexual crosses between Kinzu and Raiden used for grafting. These findings show that the changes (changed genes) were transmitted to the progenies in an unstable manner.     

Variation of sweet potatoes with respect to source potentials and sink capacities

Summary By using four tester clones either as scions or stocks, source potentials and sink capacities of two groups of 13 and 20 sweet potato clones were measured in 1986 and 1987, respectively. Results obtained in the 1986 trial were generally consistent with those in the 1987 trial, though different clones were used in both trials. There were significant differences in source potentials and in sink capacities among tested clones. Responses of source to sink and of sink to source were also estimated using a regression method. No significant correlation was observed between source potential and response of source to sink. However, sink capacity showed significant relationship with response of sink to source.     

Cloning of erect,thornless, non-browsed nitrogen fixing trees of Haiti's principal fuelwood species (Prosopis juliflora)

A progeny trial in Haiti compared 70 open-pollinated families ofProsopis representing seed sources from Haiti, Peru, Chile, Argentina and southwestern US. At the end of 4 years growth, the tallest 6 families were of Peruvian origin. Some of these Peruvian trees (probablyP. juliflora) were thornless, had erect habit and were non-browsed by goats, unlike other thornlessProsopis alba families from South America. Scions from the 5 tallest spineless and most erect trees were transported from Haiti to Texas A&I University where they were successfully grafted ontoP. alba rootstock. These scions should have great potential for grafting onto existing weedyProsopis and for grafting onto rootstock previously shown to tolerate salinities of seawater and pH values of 10.3.     

核桃嫁接繁殖成活率影响因子综述

本文综述了影响核桃嫁接成活的各种因子的主要研究结果。这些因子包括:嫁接时期与方法;砧木和接穗质量及嫁接前后的处理;环境条件;亲合力;碳水化合物水平;伤流及单宁物质;内源激素以及生长调节剂。     

粗榧高位多枝嫁接技术

在香榧母树上采取1年生三叉枝或五叉枝，沙藏，于3月春分前后对粗榧进行高位截砧多枝嫁接，嫁接后做好整枝除蘖、防治病虫害等管理工作，嫁接成活率可达88．12％。     

野生铁核桃嫁接改造技术的研究

为有效地利用云南省的野生铁核桃资源,提高其经济效益,在昆明市的禄劝、晋宁开展了历时5年(1999~2004年)的野生铁核桃嫁接改造技术的试验。结果表明,以树龄20年以下,胸径不超过20 cm的野生铁核桃作砧木,选用与其生境相近的云南优良漾濞核桃品种作接穗,用插皮接或切接方法在砧木的萌芽展叶期嫁接,可获得良好的效果。其嫁接成活率高(76.5%以上),嫁接成活的新植株具有野生铁核桃发达的根系,生长适应性强,2~3年结果,果实的品质好,经济价值高。     

木荷无性繁育技术试验初报

对木荷进行扦插和嫁接育苗试验,扦插试验结果表明:采用体积比为1∶1的黄心土+河沙作为插床基质有利于插条生根;扦插前用ABT-6或IBA处理插条均有显著的促根效果,其中用浓度为50 mg/L的ABT-6溶液浸泡插条基部10 h,扦插生根率达72%;带顶芽的插条抽梢率显著高于不带顶芽的插条。嫁接试验的结果表明:顶芽接穗嫁接的成活率达76%,且其抽梢率显著大于侧芽嫁接。     

山新杨嫁接技术研究

采用正交试验设计方法 ,对山新杨芽接药剂选择及嫁接砧木品种选择进行试验 ,选出较合适的药剂组合及芽接砧木品种。同时在芽接试验的基础上 ,对山新杨劈接砧木品种的选择进行常规嫁接试验 ,拟选出五种以上成活率较高的优良砧木品种 ,为山新杨的大量繁殖提供可靠的科学依据。