天津农业生态环境与经济增长关系的实证研究

基于Wackernagel提出的生态足迹方法,测算了1990～2011年间的天津农业生态足迹和农业生态承载力,建立了农业生态环境与经济增长间的回归模型,发现两者之间的关系与库兹涅茨曲线(EKC)形式相吻合.在此基础上,还探究了当前天津市经济发展与农业生态环境的阶段性特征,总结出相关结论.     

大豆蚜对大豆阶段性危害研究

为了明确大豆蚜对大豆危害的作用机理,研究了大豆蚜阶段性危害对大豆产量及其相关性状的影响。结果表明:随着大豆蚜危害时期的延长,大豆蚜对大豆产量及其它性状的影响作用越强。在短期危害的条件下,对大豆株高的影响显著,但产量几乎不受影响。当危害达到大豆的盛花期,产量开始下降,危害达到结荚期时产量显著降低。因此,在大豆的盛花期之前防治大豆蚜会有效减少产量损失。     

半干旱区糜子前氮后移技术验证试验

为了提高半干旱区糜子产量及肥料利用率,研究了前氮后移技术对糜子产量和土壤肥力状况的影响。结果表明:前氮后移技术比常规施肥技术增产4.04%,施肥量减少15.78%,化肥投入节省8.69%。应用前氮后移技术对降低化肥施用量和投入成本、减少环境污染、提高产量具有显著促进作用。     

红松不同种源与家系苗期生理特性研究

通过对铁力市、带岭林业局、五营林业局和汤旺河林业局4个不同种源群组的39株红松家系3年子代苗期的生理生长特性显示,4个种源区家系3年苗木的苗木质量指数（QI）分别为铁力0.45,带岭0.4,五营0.43,汤旺河0.49,各群组间苗期生理特性差异较小。其中表现最为优良单株为铁力9号优树,全株生物量为5.12g,二级根当年萌发数为140。表现最差为带岭26号优树,全株生物量为2.57,二级根当年萌发数为65。组内差异较大。另外,五营种源区各家系间分化程度较小,其峰值基本处于中心水平区间。而其它3个种源区家系间峰度偏移,组内分化相对明显。在对各家系地上部和地下部的分析证明,红松家系幼苗在出苗初期就已经出现一定差异,而种间竞争和根系的生长发育则起到了重要作用。     

苗期短日照处理小豆的开花和结荚变化

为了对小豆的高产栽培提供理论依据,以中晚熟小豆品种冀红4号为材料,在出苗到开花阶段进行 SD-14（光/暗,14 h/10h）、SD-12（光/暗,12 h/12h）和 SD-10（光/暗,10 h/14h）3个短日照试验,观察了小豆开花和结荚情况。结果表明：短日照处理加速了植株的生育进程,花期缩短了9～10 d,荚期缩短了3～7 d,总花荚期缩短了5～6 d,差异达显著水平;植株的开花期提早,开花高峰期提前18～20 d,日开花量呈先增后降的趋势;植株的初花节位降低1～2节,单株总荚数达最大值时间提早12 d,结荚数集中于1～10节位,占88．49％以上;各短日处理单荚粒数差异不显著,百粒重均高于对照,单株荚数则低于对照,产量均低于对照,差异不显著。综合比较,短日照处理以 SD-12较好。     

棉花苗期常见虫害的鉴别与防治

棉花苗期是防治棉花病虫害的有利时期,这一时期的虫害主要有蚜虫、地老虎、红蜘蛛等,该文介绍了这3种棉花苗期虫害的主要为害特征及防治方法,以期为实际生产提供科学指导。     

高温处理对烟草甲各虫态的致死作用研究

[目的]为有效实施烟草储藏害虫综合治理、确保烟草及其制品品质提供新方法。[方法]研究不同温度（25、35、45、55、60、65℃）下处理不同时间（60、75、90、105、120 s）对烟草甲成虫、蛹、幼虫和卵的致死作用。[结果]结果表明,不同处理温度、不同处理时间对烟草甲各虫态的致死作用效果差异显著。在处理温度为25、35和45℃时,该试验各个处理时间对烟草甲各虫态均无致死作用,而在处理温度为55℃以上时对烟草甲各虫态均具有较强的致死作用。在处理温度为60℃时,对烟草甲成虫、蛹、幼虫和卵达到100%致死作用的最短处理时间分别为90、120、75和75 s。[结论]高温处理可以作为一种有效的害虫防治方式运用到储烟害虫综合治理当中。     

华北冬小麦开花及成熟期变化特征分析

利用华北平原59个农业气象观测站1981—2010年冬小麦生育期资料,分析了该区域冬小麦在气候变暖背景下开花期和成熟期的变化趋势特征。研究结果表明：近30年来,华北平原冬小麦开花期和成熟期均发生了明显变化。相对1980s而言,1990s开花期普遍提前2～5 d,成熟期提前1～6 d左右,2000s开花期则一般提前3～9 d,成熟期提前1～7 d左右。因此,随着年代推进,华北平原冬小麦开花期和成熟期提前趋势在进一步加剧。相对1980s而言,1990s生育期等值线普遍北移,而2000s等值线进一步北移的趋势更加明显。研究发现,3—5月月平均气温升高是开花期和成熟期提前的一个重要影响因素。     

Endocrine and gonadal changes during the annual reproductive cycle of the freshwater teleost,Stizostedion vitreum

The annual reproductive cycle of walleye (Stizostedion vitreum) was characterized by documenting changes in gonadal development and serum levels of estradiol-17β (E₂), testosterone (T), 17α,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17,20-P), and 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) in wild fish captured from upper midwestern lakes and rivers throughout the year. Fish from the populations used in this study spawn annually in early- to mid-April. Walleye showed group synchronous ovarian development with exogenous vitellogenesis beginning in autumn. Oocyte diameters increased rapidly from ∼ 200 μm in October to ∼ 1,000 μm in November, and reached a maximum of 1,500 μm just prior to spawning. Changes in gonadosomatic indices (GSIs) paralleled changes in oocyte diameters. Serum E₂ levels in females increased rapidly from low values in October (< 0.1 ng ml⁻¹) to peak levels of 3.7 ng ml⁻¹ in November, coinciding with the period of the most rapid ovarian growth. Subsequently, E₂ levels decreased from December through spawning. Serum T levels exhibited a bimodal pattern, increasing to 1.6 ng ml⁻¹ in November, and peaking again at 3.3 ng ml⁻¹ just prior to spawning. We detected 11-KT in the serum of some females at concentrations up to 5.6 ng ml⁻¹, but no seasonal pattern was apparent. In this study (unlike our results in a related study) 17,20-P was not detected. In males, differentiation of spermatogonia began in late August, and by January the testes were filled (> 95% of germ cells) with spermatozoa. Mature spermatozoa could be expressed from males from January through April. GSIs ranged from 0.2% (post-spawn) to 3.2% (pre-spawn). Serum T levels rose from undetectable levels in post-spawn males to 1.6 ng ml⁻¹ by November, remained elevated throughout the winter, and peaked at 2.8 ng ml⁻¹ I prior to spawning. Levels of 11-KT in males remained low (< 10 ng ml⁻¹, from post-spawning through January, then increased significantly by March and peaked just prior to spawning at 39.7 ng ml⁻¹. Our results indicate that vitellogenesis and spermatogenesis are complete or nearly so, in walleye by early winter, and suggest that it may be possible to induce spawning in this species several months prior to the normal spawning season by subjecting fish to relatively simple environmental and hormonal treatments.     

ATM多级分层网络及其交换策略

多级分层网络是ＡＴＭ中实现自由交换虚电路的一种实现策略之一。由此提出了一种递归扩展的层次式互联网络结构，分析了号码制度，信令协议等技术问题，并研究了这种对应于分层地址分配的层界面ＡＴＭ交换机的排队模型。