黑线仓鼠（Cricetulus barabensis Pallas）主动脉弓分支类型的初步观察

我们将我院黑线仓鼠（也叫中国地鼠）Ａ３０家系１只雌鼠（第２８代）和Ｂ５０２家系１５４只（从第１０—１５代）地鼠（其中雌性１３８只；雄性１５只），解剖观察了其主动脉弓分支的类型，共见到３个类型，Ａ型９７．４２％，Ｃ型１．２９％，Ｆ型０．６４％，并发现一例罕见畸型。而Ａ型为中国地鼠主动脉弓分支的基本类型，但基本型中又有各个亚型。     

Modeling intentions to sanction among anglers in a catch-and-release recreational fishery for golden dorado (Salminus brasiliensis) in Salta,Argentina

Catch-and-release (C&R) angling is a powerful tool for reducing impacts on recreationally targeted fishes. Although C&R can be mandated in fisheries through regulation, voluntary adoption and informal management are often critical due to minimal enforcement opportunities. Anglers themselves may play a role in increasing C&R adoption through interpersonal sanctioning (i.e., self-policing). To date, little research has examined factors that predict the willingness of anglers to sanction others’ behavior. We present results from surveys (n = 49) with anglers in Argentina to explore their motivations to sanction other anglers within their stakeholder community. Anglers with the strongest intentions to sanction were younger and more open to adopting best practices, identified fishing as important to their lifestyle, and expressed high environmental concern relative to other anglers. Our findings highlight the role that recreational anglers can play in promoting best practices via interpersonal sanctioning and identify barriers that inhibit this type of action.     

Strategies of behavior,energetic and thermogenesis of striped hamsters in response to food deprivation

The life history of many animals includes periods of food shortage. Two behavioral strategies are involved in small mammals in response to food shortage: an increase in activity behavior, representing the increased foraging or migratory behavior, and a decrease in activity level, serving as a mechanism for conserving energy. However, it is uncertain whether animals adopt both strategies in response to food shortage, and whether hormone and neuroendocrine mechanisms are involved in both strategies. In the present study, changes in behavior and metabolic rate were examined in food‐deprived striped hamsters (Cricetulus barabensis). The effects of leptin supplement on activity behavior, metabolic rate and hypothalamic neuropeptide gene expression were also examined. The behavior of food‐deprived hamsters significantly changed with photoperiod phases: with increasing activity during the dark phase compared to those fed ad libitum, whereas decreasing activity and simultaneously increasing resting behavior during the light phase. Resting metabolic rate, body mass, and masses of fat depots and digestive tracts significantly decreased in food‐deprived hamsters compared with ad libitum controls. Leptin supplement tended to attenuate the increased activity in the dark phase. Gene expression of hypothalamic neuropeptide Y (NPY) was significantly upregulated in food‐deprived hamsters, while was significantly attenuated by exogenous leptin. These findings suggest that both behavior strategies are important behavioral adjustments in free‐living animals to cope with food shortage. Leptin and hypothalamic NPY gene expression may be involved in the adjustments of physiology and behavior in animals demonstrating a hyperactivity strategy in response to food shortage.     

白马雪山自然保护区北部曲宗贡金妞河流域植被类型调查研究

白马雪山自然保护区北部曲宗贡金妞河流域是保护区海拔最高的区域，拥有丰富多彩的植被类型，孕育和保存着多种珍稀药材、高山花卉等，同时也是特有动植物的极限生境拥有地，是白马雪山保护区的精华所在和缩影。在2009～1012年的不同时段，对126个样地植被进行调查，将流域的植被分为4个植被型6个植被亚型20个群系29个群落，分析该区域多样性植被类型的存在价值和保护价值。     

甲磺酸丹诺沙星诱发中国仓鼠肺成纤维细胞（CHL）染色体畸变试验

采用体外培养中国仓鼠肺成纤维细胞（ＣＨＬ）对喹诺酮类经甲磺酸丹诺沙星的诱变性进行了检测，旨在对该药的遗传毒性作出评价，为安全和药提供数据。结果表明：加或不加代谢活化系统Ｓ９，甲磺诺沙星对ＣＨＬ细胞未见致染色体畸变作用。     

加卡利亚仓鼠行为特性研究

随机选择5只50~60日龄,健康的加卡利亚仓鼠,2雌3雄,体重为(35.4±7.3)g,对其采食、饮水、排泄、睡眠以及繁殖等行为进行8 d的连续观测,并对仔鼠生长发育情况进行了观测。结果表明,加卡利亚仓鼠的日采食量为(9.28±1.32)g,以傍晚的采食量最多。采食持续时间平均为(17.4±4.9)min。日饮水次数平均为(13.13±2.1)次,日饮水量为(3.89±0.32 ml)。日排粪次数为(19.25±4.03)次,排粪量为(8.19±1.71)g,每次的排尿量0.8~1.5 ml。日睡眠时间为10~12 h,日间几乎处于睡眠状态。仔鼠从第2、3周龄开始体重增加较快,2月龄以后,体重变化不大。     

金黄地鼠Kcnq1基因的分子克隆与鉴定以及在多种器官组织中的表达差异分析

对金黄地鼠Kcnq1基因进行分子克隆与鉴定以及在多种器官组织的表达差异进行分析,旨在研究Kcnq1基因在地鼠各组织器官中的功能。提取金黄地鼠心脏组织总RNA,根据大鼠Kcnq1的保守序列区域设计引物TK1,用RT-PCR的方法从金黄地鼠心脏组织中扩增出Kcnq1cDNA片段,并且以心脏cDNA片段为模板,将纯化后的cDNA在T4连接酶的作用下与pMD18-T载体特异性连接,转化感受态大肠杆菌DH5α中,筛选重组子并酶切鉴定,将鉴定后的重组子进行DNA测序。提取心、肝、脾、肺、肾各组织总RNA,并反转录,将各组织cDNA做荧光定量检测,检测各组织表达量的差异。结果显示克隆出金黄地鼠Kcnq1基因477bp的部分片段长度,推测出编码的159个氨基酸。与大鼠等物种Kcnq1基因比对,核苷酸和氨基酸序列均具有较高的同源性。荧光定量结果显示,Kcnq1在金黄地鼠心脏中表达量最高,在肺脏和肾脏中均有较高表达,在脾脏中低度表达,在肾脏中基本不表达。该研究结果为深入研究金黄地鼠Kcnq1基因功能奠定了基础。