3ds max在动物解剖学中的应用

动物解剖学是形态学科学,用三维模型、动画的方式将动物器官呈现给学生,不仅可以提高学生学习的主动性,更能加深其对动物器官结构的理解,激发学习的兴趣。本文结合在制作多媒体课件中的体会探讨了3dsmax在动物解剖学教学中的应用。     

干旱胁迫对大豆苗期生理生化特性的影响

以两个不同耐旱性的大豆品种为试材,研究了干旱胁迫对大豆苗期叶片保护酶活性和膜脂过氧化作用的影响及与抗旱性的关系.结果表明,随着干旱胁迫的加强,质膜透性和MDA含量逐渐增加,SOD、POD和CAT活性表现为先升后降的趋势.耐旱性品种比非耐旱性品种具有较低的质膜透性和MDA含量,同时具有较高的SOD、CAT和POD活性.重度干旱胁迫下POD活性高于SOD、CAT的活性.     

中国栽培大豆(Glycine max (L.) Merr.)微核心种质的群体结构与遗传多样性

【目的】评价中国栽培大豆微核心种质的群体结构和遗传多样性水平,为拓宽大豆遗传基础、发掘优异基因、改良大豆品种提供理论依据。【方法】利用大豆20个连锁群上的100个SSR位点,对来自全国28个省补充完善的248份栽培大豆微核心种质进行SSR遗传多样性及群体结构分析;采用PowerMarker Version 3.25软件统计等位变异数、平均等位变异数、多态性信息量(PIC值)及亚群特有等位变异数等参数;基于遗传距离建立了栽培大豆微核心种质的无根Neighbor-Joining树;用Structure2.2软件对微核心种质的群体结构进行评价。【结果】100个SSR位点在248份材料中共检测出等位变异1460个,每个位点变异范围为2—33个,平均为14.6个,每个位点PIC值变异范围为0.158—0.932,平均为0.743。基于模型的群体结构分析显示,依据LnP(D)无法判断最佳K值(群组数),但通过计算系数ΔK发现,K=3为微核心种质的最佳群体结构。结合种质的生态类型及品种类型分析发现,地理来源相同的种质具有聚在一起的倾向,但来源相同的种质也有分在不同组的情况。不同生态类型及品种类型间均存在较多的互补等位变异和特有等位变异。【结论】中国栽培大豆微核心种质具有丰富的遗传多样性,可以用来拓宽大豆品种遗传基础;不同生态类型及品种类型间存在较多的互补及特有等位变异,是种质创新及品种改良的物质基础;栽培大豆微核心种质存在明显的群体结构,为微核心种质在育种中的直接或间接利用提供了理论依据。     

玉米小斑病菌诱导大豆叶片胼胝质沉积的初步研究

 利用菌丝染色和胼胝质特异性染色技术,研究玉米小斑病菌(Bipolaris maydis)与非寄主植物大豆互作时,能否诱导大豆产生胼胝质沉积相关的防御反应。将玉米小斑病菌接种到大豆叶片3h后即可观察到孢子能在大豆叶片上萌发,12h后能诱导大豆叶片细胞中胼胝质沉积。利用实时荧光定量PCR技术,在转录水平检测到β-1,3-葡聚糖酶基因（GLU）表达有变化。本试验研究结果表明大豆作为玉米小斑病菌的非寄主植物,可受玉米小斑病菌诱导而产生胼胝质沉积的防御反应,为进一步探明作物多样性种植降低病害发生的非寄主抗性机理奠定基础。     

大豆转录因子WRI1基因的生物信息学分析

从NCBI查找大豆(Glycine max)基因组中转录因子WRI1基因,通过同源比对在大豆基因组中确定了31个同源基因。利用在线分析工具和生物信息学方法对31个蛋白质进行了初步分析,发现蛋白质的一级结构存在较大差异,二级结构以无规则卷曲和α-螺旋为主要构成元件,亚细胞均定位于细胞核。保守结构域分析发现,31个蛋白质的高保守区域由大约200个氨基酸残基组成;正选择位点分析发现Glyma08g24420.1和Glyma15g34770.1两个蛋白质序列的第381、382、383个氨基酸位点受到了正选择,进行了适应性进化。     

3种外源植物生长调节剂对干旱胁迫下烟草生理的影响

以K326品种烤烟为试验材料,采用盆栽试验研究干旱胁迫下烤烟生长与生理状况,以及喷施水杨酸、甜菜碱和氯化胆碱对烤烟抗氧化代谢影响。结果表明,干旱胁迫抑制烤烟正常生长,烟株矮小,有效叶片数目少,茎干瘦弱,叶长变短及叶宽变窄。喷施植物生长调节剂可以缓解干旱胁迫症状,喷施氯化胆碱能有效增加株高、最大叶长、有效叶片数,提高烟株干重、丙二醛(MDA)含量、脯氨酸含量及超氧化物歧化酶酶(SOD)活性;喷施甜菜碱对过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性有较好调节效应;喷施水杨酸能显著提高过氧化物酶(POD)活性,提高烤烟茎围和最大叶宽。综上所述,植物生长调节剂能提高烟株耐旱性,增强烟株对干旱环境适应性,其中以喷施氯化胆碱效果最佳。     

Identification of Co-dominant SSR Markers Associated with Genes Controlling α′-and α-subunit-null β-conglycinin Phenotypes in Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.)

Studies have shown that the three subunits of β-conglycinin are the main potential allergens of soybean sensitive patients.And β-conglycinin has adverse effects on nutrition and food processing.So solation and production of lines with lower β-conglycinin content has been the focus of recent soybean breeding projects.Soybean lines with deficiency in one or all subunits of β-conglycinin have been obtained.An effective and rapid system to identify such mutations will facilitate genetic manipulation of the β-conglycinin subunit composition.Here,two segregating F_2 populations were developed from crosses between Cgy-1/cgy-1 (CC),an α′-lacking line (Δα′),and DongNong 47 (DN47),a wild-type (Wt) Chinese soybean cultivar with normal globulin components,and Cgy-2/cgy-2 (CB),an α-lacking line (Δα),and DN47.These populations were used to estimate linkage among the cgy-1 (conferring α′-null) and cgy-2 (α-null) loci and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers.Seven SSR markers (Sat_038,Satt243,Sat_307,Sat_109,Sat_231,Sat_108 and Sat_190) were determined to co-segregate with cgy-1,and six SSR markers (Satt650,Satt671,Sat_418,Sat_170,Satt292 and Sat_324) co-segregated with cgy-2.Linkage maps being composed of seven SSR markers and cgy-1 locus,and six SSR markers and the cgy-2 locus were then constructed.It assigned that the cgy-1 gene to chromosome 10 at a position between Sat_307 and Sat_231,and the cgy-2 gene to chromosome 20 at a position between Satt650 and Satt671.These markers should enable map-based cloning of the cgy-1 and cgy-2 genes.For different subunit-deficiency types[α′-null,α-null and (α′+α)-null types],the two sets of SSR markers could also detect of polymorphism between three normal cultivars and seven related mutant lines.The identification of these markers is great significance to the molecular marker-assisted breeding of soybean β-conglycinin subunits.     

水分胁迫下不同抗旱类型大豆叶片气孔特性变化研究

采用火棉胶印膜法,研究了不同程度干旱胁迫对不同抗旱类型大豆叶片气孔特性的影响.结果表明:经水分胁迫的大豆叶片气孔密度增加,气孔开口大小和单位叶面积气孔相对面积减小.但不同抗旱类型大豆品种间表现不同,气孔密度变化幅度大小顺序依次为:弱抗品种(A3)＞中抗品种(A2)＞抗旱品种(A1),调节气孔开张能力大小顺序依次为:抗旱品种(A1)＞中抗品种(A2)＞弱抗品种(A3).     

Nitrogen requirements associated with improved conservation tillage for corn production

Abstract

Excessive soil erosion and use of nitrogen fertilizer are costly to the Atlantic Coastal Plain corn (zea mays L., ’Funks G 4507') producer and both may serve to create environmental hazards. An in‐row chisel (36 cm deep) tillage method was compared with the standard 5 cm fluted coulter method for planting corn in premature wheat (Triticim aestivum L.) residues grown on an Orangeburg sandy loam (Typic Paleudult). Five orthogonal N levels ranging up to 440 kg of N/ha were used to determine an economic N optimum for each tillage method.

The in‐row chisel tillage method provides a possible yield advantage in the Atlantic Coastal Plain because of observed restricting soil layers within the normal corn rooting zone. The estimated profit‐maximizing quantities of N fertilizer were 262 and 295 kg of N/ha (234 and 263 1b of N/acre) for the fluted coulter and in‐row tillage procedures, respectively. Corn grain yields associated with these inputs were 9.6 × 10³ and 12.6 × 10³ kg/ha (153 and 200 bu/acre), respectively. The yield increase associated with in‐row chiseling through a 2.5 metric ton mulched surface is attributed to potentially improved rooting and more efficient water storage and use.