Preliminary Evaluation of Glass Microfiber Filter Effects on the Chemistry of Synthetic Precipitation Leaching Procedure Extracts

The synthetic precipitation leaching procedure (SPLP) is commonly used to measure the potential for release of constituents from soils and wastes by natural precipitation. However, experience has shown that SPLP extract pH values obtained from commercial laboratories are often elevated beyond that expected based on sample mineralogy and sometimes exceed environmental standards. This study was conducted to examine the effects of glass microfiber filters (GMFs) on pH values and metal concentrations of SPLP extracts. In a control experiment, GMF filtration increased the pH of standard SPLP extraction fluids (Eastern extraction fluid, pH 4.2, and Western extraction fluid, pH 5.0) to approximately 10.0 in the first 100 mL of filtrate. Filtration using GMFs also produced substantial pH increases in SPLP extracts from a variety of geologic materials, although dissolved metal concentrations were less affected. Laboratory analysts should be conscious of artificially elevated pH values in SPLP extracts caused by GMF filtration and consider using techniques to minimize these effects, such as (1) prerinsing GMFs with deionized H₂O and pH monitoring of the resulting filtrate prior to SPLP filtration and (2) filtering the maximum volume of SPLP extract practicable.     

Efficiency of three boar sperm enrichment techniques

The objective of the study was to investigate the efficiency of three enrichment methods to separate boar spermatozoa. Twenty-four ejaculates from 12 boars (2 ejaculates/boar) were extended (30 × 10⁶ spermatozoa/mL) in commercial Beltsville Thawing Solution. Each semen sample was processed with glass wool column (GW) and glass beads (GB) filtration and with the single-layer centrifugation (SLC) technique. Semen samples before (control; C) and after treatment were evaluated for sperm CASA motility/kinetics and concentration, viability, morphology and chromatin integrity. Data were analysed with mixed models. The concentration of total and motile spermatozoa was significantly decreased after treatment in groups GW and SLC, but not in group GB. Group GW showed increased values of WOB compared with both groups C and GB. Group GB showed greater values of rapid movement spermatozoa and lower values of slow movement spermatozoa compared with group C. In group SLC, higher values of VSL, LIN and STR were observed compared with group C. In conclusion, all techniques under examination enhanced various CASA variables. Based on our results, the GB method is a promising alternative separation technique for boar sperm and deserves further research regarding swine in vitro fertilization.     

真空玻璃技术在温室工程中的应用分析

真空平板玻璃是目前隔热性能最好的材料之一。为此,介绍了真空平板玻璃性能,概述了国内外温室覆盖材料的应用现状,并对真空平板玻璃在温室工程中的应用做了节能效果、生产成本、使用寿命、投资回报等方面的分析。     

计算流体力学在温室通风中的应用研究

计算流体动力学（CFD）作为一种模拟仿真工具现已广泛应用于研究各种传递过程,包括流体流动、传热和传质等。综述国内外有关CFD的发展现状,介绍其在温室自然通风和机械通风中的应用研究,展望CFD模拟技术的发展及应用前景。     

水玻璃生产技术及在建筑方面的应用

本文简介水玻璃的生产技术,并着重阐述其在建筑方面的应用和发展趋势。     

苹果片中短波红外干燥过程中水分扩散特性

为了研究苹果片中短波干燥过程中水分扩散特性和玻璃化转变温度的变化规律,进而明确中短波红外干燥过程中的水分扩散特性,采用中短波红外干燥箱在50、70和90℃的条件下对苹果片进行中短波红外干燥处理试验,应用低场核磁共振(low-field nuclear resonance,LF-NMR)和差示量热扫描(differential scanning calorimetry,DSC)等技术,测定中短波红外干燥过程中水分状态、玻璃化转变温度、水分活度、体积等变化情况,进一步分析中短波红外干燥过程中水分状态与玻璃化转变温度、水分活度等指标之间的相关性及变化规律。结果表明:干燥过程中,中短波红外温度对水分扩散影响较大,50、70、90℃3个温度条件下平均干燥速率之比为1∶1.5∶2.3;苹果片中存在3种状态水分,干燥过程中液泡中的自由水含量大幅度降低的同时,细胞质和细胞外空隙中不易流动水质量分数由7.96%增加至46.82%,干燥继续进行,不易流动水含量逐渐降低;中短波红外干燥过程中,苹果片内不易流动水含量的降低,明显提高了玻璃化转变温度(p0.05),使其由-38℃左右最高上升至13.41℃,并引起水分活度由0.99迅速下降至0.24(p0.01);随干燥过程中水分的散失,苹果片发生皱缩现象,体积与水分含量表现出极显著相关性(R0.99)。该研究为中短波红外干燥中水分扩散特性研究提供了理论依据。     

Thermal characteristics of soil organic matter measured by DSC: A hint on a glass transition

Glass transitions have been reported for purified humic acids only. In this study, a glass transition was detected in a sample of a sandy forest soil by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The glass transition temperature was 79°C for air‐dried samples and 77°C for pre‐moistened samples. In addition to the glass transition, an exothermic process around 30°C was detected in pre‐moistened samples. This could be due to water loss of soil organic matter. However, the nature of this process is not yet understood. This study showed that the macromolecular behaviour of SOM, as indicated by DSC, reacts to the moisture state of soil organic matter.     

Survival of,and root colonization by,alginate-encapsulated Pseudomonas fluorescens cells following introduction into soil

Summary The survival of Pseudomonas fluorescens cells encapsulated in alginate beads and colonization of wheat roots was studied in soil microcosms inoculated with the cells in alginate beads of varying composition. Cells encapsulated in beads and introduced into a non-sterile loamy sand survived better than cells added directly to the same soil. A recovery/growth step for the bead-encapsulated cells was added before they were introduced into the soil, in an attempt to obtain optimal population levels in the soil. Further, bacterial populations that grew to the highest density in the beads subsequently showed the highest survival levels in soil. The addition of 3% skim milk, or 3% skim milk and 3% bentonite clay to all bead types consistently resulted in the highest survival of the encapsulated cells in soil. Root colonization by P. fluorescens was generally not impaired by the encapsulation in alginate. One week after inoculation into the soil, encapsulated cells in the various bead types were able to colonize the wheat rhizoplane at high population levels, similar to or exceeding those found when free cells were inoculated. In a second root colonization experiment the wheat rhizoplane was also efficiently colonized 7 weeks after the inoculant cells had been introduced into the soil in different bead types. In both assays, the cells encapsulated in beads amended with skim milk plus bentonite clay showed the highest root colonization rates. It is clear, therefore, that alginate-mediated establishment of inoculants can improve inoculant effectiveness.     

光伏玻璃温室自然通风条件下的CFD模拟验证

基于计算机流体力学(CFD)数值方法,以光伏连栋玻璃温室为研究对象,在自然通风的条件下对室内温度场进行模拟验证。采用离散坐标(DO)辐射模型对光伏温室室内温度场的时空分布和变化规律进行了三维CFD模拟和试验验证。结果表明,光伏温室室内温度试验结果和模拟结果绝对误差均值为0.96℃,相对误差均值为2.94%。模拟结果和试验结果吻合,验证了模型的可行性。     

内包粉末活性炭凝胶球去除苯酚

研究了不同包埋材料包埋的粉末活性炭凝胶球在中性条件下对苯酚和腐殖酸的吸附效率和苯酚的吸附等温线。结果表明:内包粉末活性炭凝胶球对苯酚的吸附等温线符合Freundlich方程,以海藻酸钠,聚乙烯醇海藻酸钠为包埋材料的凝胶球吸附苯酚的性能优于经缩醛反应后的聚乙烯醇海藻酸钠为包埋材料的凝胶球。凝胶球减少了粉末活性炭对水体中腐殖物质的吸附,添加聚乙烯醇增加了凝胶球的机械强度,不易粘连。添加戊二醛进行缩醛反应使得凝胶球网状结构致密,导致吸附苯酚能力下降,但不吸附腐殖酸,具有选择性吸附的性质。