Antigen-nonspecific macrophage factors modulating the antibody response in vitro

Antibody response to an antigen involves the co-operation between three types of cells: macrophages, T cells and B cells. The cognate interactions between these cells play a fundamental role in the expression of a specific antibody response, but the last is modulated by antigen-nonspecific soluble factors produced either by macrophages or by T cells. Macrophages elaborate a spectrum of molecules modulating the function of lymphoid cells; among them are IL1 and prostaglandins of the E series, which are respectively enhancer and inhibitor of the antibody response in vitro. These molecules alter T cell and B cell activities through different mechanisms involving activation or inhibition of IL2 production, or alteration of cells surface antigens. However, the cellular events following the fixation of soluble factor on its receptors are not known.     

北方型玻璃连栋温室节能技术开发研究

能耗是在高纬度地区建造大型温室的重要指标。沈阳地区自主设计建造的北方型玻璃连栋温室采用了整体半地下建筑、全部中空玻璃覆盖、金属介面无冷桥设计三项节能技术，经运行测试取得显著的节能效果，可在我国北方寒地生态地区应用，对相关问题进行了讨论。     

THE DEVELOPMENT OF ALUMINIUM MATRIX MICRO -GLASSBALL COMPOSITE AND THE ANALYSIS ON ITS FORMING MECHANISMS

The problem that the micro-glassball is not wettable in molten aluminium alloys can be solved by a special technology that is different from rheocasting and squeezecasting methods. The metten metal can fill the cavity of the glass ball through the broken place on its wall, and an original micro -structure will be formed. This material has good comprehensive mechanical proper ties and this method can be used to other kinds of ceramic powders. The mechanisms of the formation of this materials have been discussed as well.     

Soil organic matter beyond molecular structure Part I: Macromolecular and supramolecular characteristics

This contribution reviews and discusses structural aspects of soil organic matter (SOM) and humic substances (HS) with special respect to the macromolecular and the supramolecular view. It can be concluded that (1) dissolved humic acids behave as supramolecular associations of relatively small molecules with an enormous flexibility of reaction of environmental conditions, (2) multivalent cations may increase the apparent molecular weight by the formation of coordinative crosslinks in dissolved and undissolved natural organic matter (NOM), (3) sorption nonlinearity in solid humic acids and SOM may be due to polymer properties of NOM, (4) sorbates affect sorbent characteristics of SOM, and (5) hysteresis and conditioning effects in SOM can up to now best be explained with the polymer analogy. A distinct polydispersivity of SOM over a wide range of molecular masses is to be assumed. The supramolecular and the macromolecular models were derived from humic acids with different composition and on the basis of different sample states. Although the supramolecular model has not explicitely been shown for unfractionated DOM, the combination of all discussed studies suggests supramolecular as well as macromolecular characteristics of NOM. Neither macromolecules nor small molecules can be fully excluded in solid and dissolved SOM. Microregions with different properties provide different types of sorption sites. SOM is suggested to be regarded as amorphous material. This point of view is not restricted to high molecular masses and may supplement our understanding of SOM by the model of physical aging.     

铁离子掺杂TiO2基自洁净玻璃的制备及性能

用溶胶—凝胶法制备了表面镀有Fe—TiO2光催化薄膜的自洁净玻璃，并利用DTA—TG，XRD，SEM等手段研究了Fe—TiO2光催化薄膜的结构与特征。利用紫外—可见光分光光度计测量了不同镀膜层数的玻璃的透光率。通过光催化降解有机磷农药敌敌畏的水溶液，研究了不同铁含量以及不同镀膜层数对自洁净玻璃光催化活性的影响。研究结果表明：光催化薄膜主要由粒径为几十纳米的Fe3O4和TiO2颗粒构成；铁离子掺杂可以提高自洁净玻璃的光催化活性，在同样镀膜层数(2层)的情况下，[Fe]/[TiO2](摩尔比)＝0．005时的光催化性能最好；当用同样浓度的铁离子掺杂时，镀膜层数为9的光催化活性最高。     

显像管玻壳铅尘环境化学行为的研究

以显像管玻壳铅尘为对象,通过测定铅在不同深度的土壤中各种形态的含量,系统地研究了玻壳铅尘在土壤中的形态及其在土壤剖面中的迁移转化规律,为农业铅污染的防治提供了理论依据。     

蒸压条件下废玻璃的水热特性研究

利用 X 射线衍射分析、扫描电子显微镜、红外光谱、力学性能等方法研究了不同蒸压条件下废玻璃石灰系统的强度。结果显示,不同细度废玻璃粉石灰蒸压制品的强度有较大差异,废玻璃粉用作蒸压制品存在最佳细度。废玻璃粉氢氧化钙系统的主要产物为含钾、钠的水化硅酸盐(Ca,Na_2,K_2)_2S_i4O_(10)·3H_2O,它的出现表明系统中 K~ 和 Na 并不能循环使用下去。蒸压处理16h 后形成结晶良好的水化产物,但其蒸压制品强度会下降,其原因是结晶差的水化硅酸盐大量形成、试样内部疏松结构与致密结构的分离而出现大量微裂纹造成的。     

膨化干燥灰枣粉玻璃化转变及贮藏稳定性

为了综合水分活度及玻璃化转变理论构建状态图,获得灰枣粉的较佳贮藏条件,该文采用静态称量法和差示扫描量热法测定灰枣粉的吸附特性及玻璃化转变温度。结果表明,膨化干燥灰枣粉水分吸附的平衡干基含水率随水分活度的增加而增加,水分吸附等温线呈J型,描述灰枣粉水分吸附特性的适宜模型为GAB模型（R2=0.9968）;灰枣粉的玻璃化转变温度随含水率升高而降低,湿基含水率由0.064 g/g增加到0.175 g/g时,玻璃化转变温度由29.90℃降低到?35.02℃;灰枣粉干基含水率≤0.1223 g/g、贮藏温度≤?0.062°C时其稳定性较好,研究结果为灰枣粉加工、运输等过程中的贮藏条件提供理论参考。     

烘干稻谷红外成分检测与玻璃化转变比较研究

为解决烘干过程中稻谷品质成分难连贯性检测问题,采用近红外成分检测及傅立叶红外光谱检测,测试了烘干过程中稻谷的水分、淀粉、蛋白质成分的过程变化,分析了烘干稻谷的直链淀粉、蛋白质品质含量与其红外光谱的变化关联特性,基于TG/DSC测试,考察了烘干稻谷的品质成分与玻璃化转变性能.结果表明:随干燥时间增加,烘干稻谷内水分、蛋白质含量逐渐减小,直链淀粉含量增加;稻谷内部的直链淀粉、蛋白质出现K-M值及波数改变;随TG/DSC测试温度增加,稻谷的热重损失减小,热流则出现相反变化,烘干稻谷的玻璃化转变温度则降低并波动变化,综合影响干燥稻谷的营养品质.     

废水玻璃砂再生新方法

在实验室条件下，模拟烟气对水玻璃旧砂进行再生处理，达到旧砂回用和烟气脱硫的双重目的。实验表明：处理后的旧砂完全符合铸造用砂的标准。所采用的系统设备简单，较好地解决了环境污染问题。